利用16SrDNA序列对十株根瘤菌系统发育的研究

为了确定本所保存的部分根瘤菌的种属地位,我们从中选出10株菌株,对其16S rDNA进行扩增并测序,利用分子生物学软件对序列进行分析,得到根瘤菌系统发育树状图,对比相应的生理生化结果,重新定位了它们在根瘤菌系统发育中的种属地位,将生物信息学应用用于根瘤菌的种属命名具有重要的科学意义。

辽宁省及其沿海区域生态足迹的动态变化

利用生态足迹分析法方法计算了辽宁省及其沿海6市(葫芦岛、锦州、盘锦、营口、大连和丹东)2003—2005年的生态足迹,分析了生态足迹的变化规律及变化原因,并评价了该区域可持续发展状况。结果表明:2003—2005年辽宁省及其沿海6市的生态足迹均超过了其生态承载力,全省人均生态赤字有逐年增加的趋势;沿海6市中人均生态赤字最高的城市为盘锦市,然后依次为锦州市、葫芦岛市、营口市、丹东市和大连市。生态足迹供需结构表明,辽宁省及沿海生6市生态足迹需求主要以化石能源地为主,但均有较高的水域类生态盈余。3年间万元GDP生态足迹总体呈下降趋势,表明辽宁省及其沿海6市的资源利用率不断提高。最后提出了减少区域生态赤字的对策。

子午岭森林群落土壤水分与生物量关系研究

通过对黄土丘陵区子午岭北部山杨林、白桦林、油松林和辽东栎林植被群落特征的分析,研究了植被演替过程中土壤水分和生物量的变化及其相互关系。结果表明,在植被正向演替过程中,土壤含水量随植被正向演替而逐渐减少,土壤含水量的大小顺序依次为山杨>白桦>油松>辽东栎;土壤含水量对树枝和树干生物量的影响较大,立地条件致使各林分地上生物量发生明显变化;在林龄差距不大的条件下各林分平均单株生物量的大小关系为辽东栎>白桦>山杨>油松。

Effect of shear on the crystallization behavior of glass bead filled polypropylene

Linkam CSS450 optical shearing stage, wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) and small-angle X-ray scattering(SAXS) were used to investigate the effect of shear on crystal structure and crystallization morphology of the glass bead filled polypropylene( PP). The results indicate that the glass bead worked as nucleating agent for the glass bead filled PP, compared with pure PP it restrained the formation of beta-crystal after shear treatment. When the mean size of glass bead is smaller(4 mu m) shear rate had less effect on the formation of beta-crystal of PP obviously.

Shape memory effect of poly(L-lactide)-based polyurethanes with different hard segments

A series of biodegradable polylactide-based polyurethanes (PLAUs) were synthesized using PLA diol (M-n = 3200) as soft segment, 4,4 '-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI), 2,4-toluene diisocyanate (TDI), and isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) as hard segment, and 1,4-butanediol as chain extender. The structures and properties of these PLAUs were studied using infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, tensile testing, and thermomechanical analysis. Among them, the MDI-based PLAU has the highest T-g, maximum tensile strength, and restoration force, the TDI-based PLAU has the lowest T-g, and the IPDI-based PLAU has the highest tensile modulus and elongation at break. They are all amorphous. The shape recovery of the three PLAUs is almost complete in a tensile elongation of 150% or a twofold compression. They can keep their temporary shape easily at room temperature (20 degrees C). More importantly, they can deform and recover at a temperature below their T-g values. Therefore, by selecting the appropriate hard segment and adjusting the ratio of hard to soft segments, they can meet different practical demands for shape memory medical devices.

平台石墨炉原子吸收法直接测定高温镍基合金中硒

研究了基体改进剂及其用量,硒的灰化、原子化和出现温度,以及近20种共存离子的干扰。采用镍和钯混合液作基体改进剂,硒的灵敏度高,抗干扰能力强,不需要分离样品基体,可以采用平台石墨炉法直接测定高温镍基合金中硒。

AiC1qDC-1, a novel gC1q-domain-containing protein from bay scallop Argopecten irradians with fungi agglutinating activity

The globular C1q-domain-containing (C1qDC) proteins are a family of versatile pattern recognition receptors via their globular C1q (gC1q) domain to bind various ligands including several PAMPs on pathogens. In this study, a new gC1q-domain-containing protein (AiC1qDC-1) gene was cloned from Argopecten irradians by rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) approaches and expressed sequence tag (EST) analysis. The full-length cDNA of AiC1qDC-1 was composed of 733 bp, encoding a signal peptide of 19 residues and a typical gC1q domain of 137 residues containing all eight invariant amino acids in human C1qDC proteins and seven aromatic residues essential for effective packing of the hydrophobic core of AiC1qDC-1. The gC1q domain of AiC1qDC-1, which possessed the typical 10-stranded beta-sandwich fold with a jelly-roll topology common to all C1q family members, showed high homology not only to those of Cl qDC proteins in mollusk but also to those of C1qDC proteins in human. The AiC1qDC-1 transcripts were mainly detected in the tissue of hepatopancreas and also marginally detectable in adductor, heart, mantle, gill and hemocytes by fluorescent quantitative real-time PCR. In the microbial challenge experiment, there was a significant up-regulation in the relative expression level of AiC1qDC-1 in hepatopancreas and hemocytes of the scallops challenged by fungi Pichia pastoris GS115, Gram-positive bacteria Micrococcus luteus and Gram-negative bacteria Listonella anguillarum. The recombinant AiC1qDC-1 (rAiC1qDC-1) protein displayed no obvious agglutination against M. luteus and L. anguillarum, but it aggregated P. pastoris remarkably. This agglutination could be inhibited by D-mannose and PGN but not by LPS, glucan or D-galactose. These results indicated that AiC1qDC-1 functioned as a pattern recognition receptor in the immune defense of scallops against pathogens and provided clues for illuminating the evolution of the complement classical pathway. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

7500aBP以来冲绳海槽北部海洋古环境的演化特征

本文采用冲绳海槽北部柱状岩芯DOC024，通过对其微体古生物分析和地球化学分析，结合浮游有孔虫氧、碳同位素数据、AMS14C 测年结果和已有的研究资料，对7500年以来该区域古生产力演化、古上升流演化及黑潮对该区域的影响进行了分析探讨。 冲绳海槽北部，九州西南海区，全新世晚期7.5ka BP以来，该区的钙质和硅质生物生产力存在着显著的差异，钙质生物的生产量高值出现在7.0ka BP 左右，但在7.0-6.4ka BP 之后明显下降而且十分稳定；而3.0ka BP 左右是硅质生物生产量的高值期，3.0ka BP 之前硅质生物生产力逐渐增加，之后呈下降趋势；表层海水初级生产力亦在7.0ka BP 左右出现短暂的高值，之后呈下降趋势，波动较频繁，0.9kaBP前后也出现了较明显的高值。古生产力的这一变化过程可能主要反映了黑潮与陆架水混合过程，以及与其相关的上升流强度的变动。 冲绳海槽北部、九州西南海区，全新世7.5-7.0ka BP陆源物质影响明显， 7.0kaBP前后黑潮侵入并与陆架水强烈混合，7.0-6.0ka BP 期间黑潮影响逐渐控制了该区，上升流开始发生，温跃层开始变浅；约在6.0-2.0ka BP 之间上升流持续稳定发育，温跃层深度逐渐下降：6.0-5.0ka BP上升流影响作用于温跃层但对表层影响较小，5.0-4.0ka BP海水表层温度受上升流冷水影响降低；而约2.0-1.2ka BP，上升流减弱，海水表层温度回升；近1200 年来上升流加强、温跃层深度减小的趋势更加显著。上升流的发育明显地控制着温跃层深度的变化，上升流强度与黑潮强度密切相关，且在一定范围内有线性关系，冲绳海槽北部冷涡区域附近海洋环境的变化也存在着明显的区域性特征。 由于受冲绳海槽北部复杂的海洋环境、DOC024 柱状样中7.5ka BP 左右火山活动的扰动作用，使我们难以准确而详细地探讨全新世黑潮在冲绳海槽北部的变动；但根据对数据的分析讨论，并结合已有研究成果可以得出以下认识：在冲绳海槽北部，7.5aBP前后黑潮强度减弱，以至于几乎完全失去了对该海区的影响；7.0-2.0kaBP上升流的稳定发育说明了黑潮较稳定，仅有小幅波动；2.0-1.2kaBP上升流减弱，黑潮减弱；1.2kaBP伴随着气候的变暖，黑潮增强且幅度较大；0.3kaBP 随着气候变冷，黑潮有所减弱；总体上自7.0aBP前后黑潮入侵以来黑潮对该区的影响一直存在，而6.6kaBP以来黑潮底层水团对该区的影响比较稳定。

中国沿海典型区域织纹螺毒性及毒素成分研究

织纹螺（Nassarius spp.）味道鲜美，是中国及其它一些亚洲国家沿海地区居民习惯食用的一种水产品。但是，近几十年来，中国沿海频繁发生食用织纹螺中毒事件，严重威胁着人们的身体健康和生命安全。加之人们对织纹螺体内的毒素成分、来源及其毒性变化规律还没有清晰的认识，因此难以有效预防和控制食用织纹螺引起的中毒事件。本文根据文献报道，在中国沿海食用织纹螺中毒事件多发的典型区域，包括江苏省的连云港市和盐城市、浙江省的舟山市和宁波市、福建省的宁德市、厦门市和莆田市设立了监测点，于2006年和2007年间进行了连续采样，应用小鼠生物测试法调查了织纹螺毒性的消长情况，并利用高效液相色谱-质谱联用（Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry，LC-MS）和高效液相色谱技术（High Performance Liquid Chromatography，HPLC）对织纹螺体内的毒素成分进行了分析。 实验结果表明，2006年于江苏省盐城市射阳海域采集的织纹螺样品中，阳性样品检出率为56%，毒性在2-5 MU/g组织（湿重）之间变化，在2007年于同地采集的8个样品中，除一个样品毒性为3.14 MU/g组织（湿重）以外，其余样品均表现为阴性；而2007年采集自连云港市赣榆海域的织纹螺样品，在采样期间则呈现出极高的毒性，最高达到846.52 MU/g 组织（湿重），毒性在监测期间呈“M”状波动，在5月和7月下旬出现两个毒性高峰。2006年于浙江省宁波市象山港采集的织纹螺样品中，阳性样品检出率为25%，毒性均在2.5 MU/g组织（湿重）左右；而同年采集自舟山市定海的织纹螺样品中，阳性样品检出率为100%，最高毒性达18.40 MU/g组织（湿重），毒性在监测期间也呈“M”状波动，高峰期出现在6月初和7月底。2006年3-9月采集自福建省宁德霞浦、厦门同安和莆田涵江采集的织纹螺样品中，阳性样品检出率分别为20%、43%和14%，除7月中旬采集自宁德霞浦的一个样品毒性达到16.19 MU/g组织（湿重）之外，其余样品毒性均在2-5 MU/g组织（湿重）间波动。从阳性样品的时间分布规律来看，3月份和6、7月份是阳性样品集中出现的时期。根据以上调查结果可以看出，织纹螺的毒性消长呈现出较明显的地域性和季节性特征，不同地区的织纹螺毒性存在差异，而同一区域织纹螺毒性的消长则表现出明显的季节性集中趋势。除了2007年采集自连云港赣榆的织纹螺样品毒性与其平均个体组织重量有相似的变化趋势以外，其余地区的织纹螺样品毒性和个体大小无明显相关性。 利用LC-MS和HPLC技术对织纹螺样品中的毒素成分进行了分析，确定河豚毒素（tetrodotoxin, TTX）及其同系物（trideoxyTTX，4-epi-TTX，anhydroTTX，oxoTTX）是所采集织纹螺中的主要致毒成分，样品中没有检测到麻痹性贝毒毒素（Paralytic Shellfish Poison, PSP）。自不同地区采集的织纹螺中毒素成分基本一致，但组成存在一定差异。其中，采自江苏省连云港赣榆和浙江省舟山定海的织纹螺样品中，trideoxyTTX是主要的成分，其次是TTX；而从其它采样地点采集的织纹螺中，TTX都是主要的毒素成分，其次才是trideoxyTTX及其它同系物。对采集自江苏省连云港赣榆和浙江舟山定海的织纹螺体内毒素的解剖学分布进行了分析，结果表明肌肉、消化腺和剩余部分中的毒素组成基本一致，其中trideoxyTTX是主要的毒素成分，其次为TTX，但采自浙江舟山的织纹螺剩余部分中的TTX是主要的毒素成分。在监测期间，各组织中的毒素组成没有明显变化，但毒素含量随季节变化表现出了一定的差异。 综上所述，在中国沿海典型区域开展的织纹螺毒性调查结果表明其毒性消长具有一定的地域性和季节性特征。分析结果显示织纹螺体内的毒素成分是河豚毒素及其同系物，采自不同区域的织纹螺体内毒素成分基本一致，但毒素组成稍有差异。对织纹螺中毒素的解剖学分布研究显示，各组织中的毒素含量随季节变化而表现出一定差异，但毒素组成没有明显的季节性变化。这些结果显示中国沿海的织纹螺应具有相似的毒素来源，研究结果将为相关部门有效监测、预防和控制食用织纹螺中毒事件提供有力的科学依据。

一种新的氧合球蛋白-神经球蛋白

神经球蛋白（neuroglobin, NGB）是最近发现的一种新的可以和氧可逆性结合的血红蛋白家族成员，主要表达于脊椎动物的脑中。NGB蛋白是由151个氨基酸组成的单体蛋白，有着古老的进化起源。迄今为止，已证明它具有储存、转运氧气和保护神经细胞的功能。NGB基因的表达调节至少有两条信号转导途径参与。NGB的发现为中风等缺氧相关疾病的治疗提供了新的方向。

海北高寒草甸地区太阳总辐射、植被反射辐射的有关特征

祁连山海北高寒草甸地区，有较强的太阳总辐射及地表反射辐射。通过2000年观测结果表明，在植物生长期的4～10月，太阳总辐射和地表反辐射总量分别达4227.049MJ·m~(-2)和973.556MJ·m~(-2)。二者有明显的日变化规律，瞬时最高值出现于北京时间13～14h左右，日瞬时最大值分别可达1200W·m~(-2)和220W·m~(-2)以上。植物生长期间太阳总辐射变化受太阳高度角及其当地气候环境的影响，太阳高度角高或气候干燥时太阳总辐射值大，而地表反辅射依太阳总辐射的变化而变化，二者均在7月最高，5月次高。植物生长后期，气候湿润，太阳总辐射和地表反射辐射均较低。地表反射率不论在日间还是植物生长的季节间，均表现一“U”型变化过程，其中日间在中午前后最低，最低可达0.19季节变化以6～7月最低，约为0.21,当然受土壤潮湿程度及地表性质等影响，其它时间也可降到0.21。就整个植物生长期内来看，祁连山海北高寒草甸地区地表反射率平均约为0.23。

The effect of land management on carbon and nitrogen status in plants and soils of alpine meadows on the Tibetan plateau

Large-scale grassland rehabilitation has been carried out on the severely degraded lands of the Tibetan plateau. The grasslands created provide a useful model for evaluating the recovery of ecosystem properties. The purposes of this research were: (1) to examine the relative influence of various rehabilitation practices on carbon and nitrogen in plants and soils in early secondary succession; and (2) to evaluate the degree to which severely degraded grassland altered plant and soil properties relative to the non-disturbed native community. The results showed: (1) The aboveground tissue C and N content in the control were 105-97 g m(-2) and 3.356gm(-2), respectively. The aboveground tissue C content in the mixed seed treatment, the single seed treatment, the natural recovery treatment and the severely degraded treatment was 137 per cent, 98 per cent, 49 per cent and 38 per cent, respectively, of that in the control. The corresponding aboveground tissue N content was 109 per cent, 84 per cent, 60 per cent and 47 per cent, respectively, of that in the control. (2) Root C and N content in 0-20 cm depths of the control had an 2 2 average 1606 gm(-2) and 30-36 gm(-2) respectively. Root C and N content in the rehabilitation treatments were in the range of 26-36 per cent and 35-53 per cent, while those in the severely degraded treatment were only 17 per cent and 26 per cent of that in the control. (3) In the control the average soil C and N content at 0-20 cm was 11307 gm(-2) and 846 gm(-2), respectively. Soil C content in the uppermost 20 cm in the seeded treatments, the natural recovery treatment and the severely degraded treatment was 67 per cent, 73 per cent and 57 per cent, respectively, while soil N content in the uppermost 20cm was 72 per cent, 82 per cent and 79 per cent, respectively, of that in the control. The severely degraded land was a major C source. Restoring the severely degraded lands to perennial vegetation was an alternative approach to sequestering C in former degraded systems. N was a limiting factor in seeding grassland. It is necessary for sustainable utilization of seeding grassland to supply extra N fertilizer to the soil or to add legume species into the seed mix. Copyright (c) 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.