碳离子辐射大丽花矮化突变体的RAPD分析

大丽花经兰州重离子加速器提供的80MeV/u12C6+离子束辐照后产生矮化突变体,用随机扩增多态性(Random Amplified Polymorphic,RAPD)DNA技术对野生型和突变体进行检测分析。结果表明,在所用的25条引物中,1.80×108/cm2剂量辐照后有18条引物扩增出现多态性片断,扩增条带多态率19.57%;1.08×108/cm2剂量辐照后仅有6条引物扩增出现多态性片断,扩增条带多态率5.76%。用Jaccard公式对扩增产物进行统计分析,结果表明,两种剂量C6+辐照后与对照相似性系数分别为0.65和0.92。高剂量辐射后DNA易发生突变,在品种改良和诱变育种中相对较高剂量的选择可能更为有效。

氧化物粒子弥散强化的合金中界面对高温氦脆的抑制机理研究

探讨了在0.5Tm(Tm为材料熔点)温度附近一种氧化物粒子弥散强化的铁基合金中惰性气体离子辐照引起的组织结构变化.实验利用高能20Ne离子辐照材料样品至3个剂量水平.借助透射电子显微镜发现,即使在最高辐照剂量,材料的晶界处也没有发生空洞的加速生长,显著区别于相同辐照条件下传统铁基合金的组织结构变化.这个特点反映出氧化物粒子弥散强化合金具有在高温和高氦产生率的苛刻环境中(诸如在聚变堆内部)使用的潜力.晶界处空洞生长的抑制效应可归因于材料晶粒内部高密度的氧化物纳米颗粒的界面对惰性气体原子的有效俘获和对辐照缺陷的回复作用.

~(143)Pm高自旋态研究

通过熔合蒸发反应12 8Te( 19F ,4nγ)布居了143Pm的高自旋态 ,利用在束γ谱学方法 ,对143Pm的高自旋态核结构进行了研究 .测量了γ射线单谱和γ -γ符合谱 ,并进行了γ射线各向异性以及DCO比率分析 ,建立了激发能高达1 0 53 5 4keV的能级纲图 ,其中包括新发现的 3 2条γ射线和 1 7个新能级 .用弱耦合模型对143Pm的晕态能级结构进行了解释

黑土长期施肥及养分循环再利用的作物产量及土壤肥力质量变化Ⅱ.养分在作物体内分配

根据黑土长期肥料试验 1985～ 1995年期间的作物分析资料 ,研究了施肥和作物生长状况对大豆、玉米、小麦 3种作物体内养分浓度、养分在籽实和秸秆中分配比以及形成 10 0 0kg籽实产量的收获养分量等参数的影响 ,结果表明 ,在本试验的正常施肥条件下 ,上述参数十分稳定 ,受施肥和作物生长状况的影响不大 ,可直接用于这一地区养分收支的估算 .

降水年内分配不均匀性指标

径流量及其分配过程依赖于降雨特征,它关系到水利设施规模和水资源合理配置。本文借鉴水文界经验,应用降雨集中度、降雨不均匀系数和调节系数概念,并对后2个系数进行修订,使其值域介于0～1。利用中原地区有代表性的4个气象台站1951—2005年的日降雨资料,计算并分析比较了降雨集中度、降雨不均匀系数和调节系数在河南省的适用性。结果表明:降水集中度、降水不均匀系数和调节系数从不同侧面反映了降水量的年内分布特征。3个指标具有一定的可比性,但数值上用同样资料计算的调节系数都要大于不均匀系数;4站候、旬和月的降水不均匀系数有相同的分布规律,随着时段的延长,不均匀系数增大,其变幅也增大,而调节系数则不同,随着时段的延长,降水调节系数减小,而相应的变幅则增大;分别采用候、旬和月的降水资料计算的降水集中度、不均匀系数和调节系数之间具有很好的一致性,最小的相关系数为0.60(P<0.001),说明3个指标间可互为代替;采用候、旬和月计算的降水集中度两两之间呈显著相关,相关系数为0.98;候、旬和月不均匀系数之间的相关系数为0.75;候、旬和月的调节系数之间的相关系数与不均匀系数相当。表明这3个指标在不同时间尺度间具有明显的一致性,在河南区域只应用月降水量就能反应降水的不均匀性。

Distribution of organic and reduced sulfur forms in marsh soils of coastal Louisiana

Soil samples from a Louisiana Barataria Basin brackish marshes were fractionated into acid-volatile sulfides (AVS), HCl-soluble sulfur, elemental sulfur, pyrite sulfur, ester-sulfate sulfur, and carbon-bonded sulfur. Inorganic sulfur composed 13% of total sulfur in brackish marsh soil with HCl-soluble sulfur representing 63–92% of the inorganic sulfur fraction. AVS represented less than 1% of the total sulfur pool. Pyrite sulfur and elemental sulfur together accounted for 8–33% of the inorganic sulfur pool. Organic sulfur, in the forms of ester-sulfate sulfur and carbon-bonded sulfur, was the most dominant pool representing the majority of total sulfur in brackish marsh. Results were compared to values reported for fresh and salt marshes. Reported inorganic sulfur fractions were greater in adjacent marshes, constituting 24% of total sulfur in salt marsh, and 22% in freshwater marshes. Along a salinity gradient, HCl-soluble sulfur represented 78–86% of the inorganic sulfur fraction in fresh, brackish, and salt marsh. Organic sulfur in the forms of ester-sulfate sulfur and carbon-bonded sulfur was the major constituent (76–87%) of total sulfur in all marshes. Reduced sulfur species, except elemental sulfur, increased seaward along the salinity gradient. Accumulation of reduced sulfur forms through sedimentation processes was significant in marsh energy flow in fresh, brackish and salt marshes.

拉格朗日逆分析在森林蒸散模拟中的应用

以长白山阔叶红松林为研究对象,根据Raupach提出的LocalizedNearField(LNF)理论为依据,耦合垂直速度标准差σw(z)和拉格朗日时间尺度TL(z),建立林冠内水汽源汇强度和平均浓度廓线之间的关系;利用拉格朗日逆分析法(inverseLagrangiandispersionanalysis,IL)提出了通过林冠水汽浓度梯度计算林冠内的水汽源汇强度进而推算森林蒸散的方法.最终得到的结果与开路涡动相关系统的观测数据比较显示,对于白天水汽累积通量的模拟精度达到87.3%;IL模拟值高于EC实测值,大约高出15%～25%;林冠白天水汽通量远大于夜间,占日水汽总通量的70%以上.6～8月的水汽白天累积总通量高于5月和9月.

黄土高原农田生产潜力与实现优质高产高效的对策

本文分析了黄土高原耕地资源的特点与问题、农业生产中的主要经验,提出了粮食生产潜力与目标、农业发展的技术对策与建议.

子午岭地区林地破坏加速侵蚀对土壤养分流失和微生物的影响研究

以浅沟集水区为研究对象,分析了子午岭地区林地被开垦破坏15年后裸露地在不同侵蚀强度和侵蚀方式下的土壤养分流失和土壤微生物数量的变化。结果表明,林地开垦破坏后,土壤侵蚀加剧发展,侵蚀强度达159.7t/(hm2.a),是林地土壤侵蚀量的上千倍。开垦破坏15年后,裸露地浅沟集水区不同地形部位表层土壤全氮、有机碳、速效磷和土壤微生物总数显著减少,同林地相比,依次分别减少37.9%~82.6%、42.7%~86.4%、24.2%~80.3%和31.8%9~2.0%。在裸露地浅沟集水区梁坡随坡长的增加,表层土壤有机碳、全氮和速效磷含量及微生物总数呈显著的下降趋势,且沟槽的土壤各养分含量及微生物总数明显低于沟间。裸露地浅沟集水区土壤养分流失强度及微生物数量减少幅度在浅沟集水区的空间分布与土壤侵蚀方式和侵蚀强度相对应。林地开垦破坏15年后,土壤养分以有机碳流失最严重,其次分别为速效磷、全氮;微生物中的真菌减少幅度最大,细菌次之,放线菌减少幅度最小。

双加氧酶活力对细菌降解菲的指示作用

在液体培养基中选用两种石油降解细菌进行菲降解实验,研究了菲降解率和双加氧酶活力的变化。结果表明,菲降解率受其浓度的影响,当菲浓度为100mg·L-1时,其降解率为最高。而菲浓度高于100mg·L-1时,其降解率下降。实验发现在菲浓度为50～250mg·L-1条件下,细菌的双加氧酶活力与其菲的降解率存在较好的相关性,对细菌降解菲具有指示作用,可将双加氧酶活力作为菲降解率变化的评价指标。

Water-soluble phosphate-functionalized polyfluorene as fluorescence biosensors toward cytochrome c

An anionic water-soluble polyfluorene derivative, poly(9,9-bis(6'-phosphatehexyl)fluorene-alt-1,4-phenylene) sodium salt (PFHPNa), was synthesized by Suzuki coupling reaction in DMF/water. Polymer PFHPNa was well soluble in water with a strong blue fluorescence emission. Effect of the side chain length on fluorescence sensory properties was studied by comparing quenching efficiencies toward different quenchers of PFHPNa with a reported polymer poly(9,9-bis(3'-phosphatepropyl)fluorene-alt-1,4-phenylene) sodium salt (PFPPNa), which have different side chains in length. For small molecular quenchers (methylviologen, MV2+) and meso-5,10,15,20-tetrakis-(N-methyl-4-pyridyl)porphine (TMPyP4), polymer PFHPNa had lower sensitivity due to the much longer side chain length. The positively charged metalloprotein cytochrome c could quench fluorescence of conjugated polymers via energy transfer and electron transfer.

Studies on the content variation of chemical constituents during the combination of ginseng with veratrum nigrum by ESI-MS and HPLC-ESI-MS

To study the content variation of ginsenosides and alkaloids during combination of ginseng with veratrum nigrum, the ginsenosides and alkaloids in the decoction of ginseng with veratrum nigrum were analyzed and compared by high performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS) and electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). In the compatible decoction, eight ginsenosides and eight alkaloids. were detected, and the contents of six ginsenosides were found to be reduced, on the contrary, the contents of six alkaloids were increased. During combination of ginseng with veratrum nigrum, the contents of ginsenosides were reduced and those of the toxic alkaloids were increased. From the chemical point of view, the traditional theory is right that ginseng and veratrum nigrum are incompatible with each other.