聚丁二烯红外和拉曼光谱微结构分析

本工作对聚丁二烯(PBD)进行了光谱微结构分析，主要考察了三个问题。1、PBD分子链构象对PBD红外光谱的影响本工作对高顺式(c)PBD样品进行了室温和低温(25℃和-150℃)红外光谱测定，发现高顺式PBD在低温下整个光谱吸收峰大部分峰宽变窄，峰强增加，特别是738cm~(-1)峰，在低温下位移至748cm~(-1)，峰强增加一倍多。另外还观察到低温结晶态出现802和598cm~(-1)两个吸收峰，在以前文献中未曾有过报导，我们将它们归属为顺式结构结晶峰。通过计算分峰，原来738cm~(-1)峰分成两个位于742和727cm~(-1)的子峰，在低温下，两个子峰分别位移至748和735cm~(-1)，与室温时比较，两个子峰半宽都明显变小。748cm~(-1)子峰峰强也大大增加。结构分析表明，顺式结构特征振动CH=CH面外变角与分子链的构象有密切联系，而仅式(T)和1.2(v)结构却不存在这种情况，因而967cm~(-1)(T)和911cm~(-1)(v)两特征峰低温下变化都很小。本工作认为顺式结构738cm~(-1)峰这一变化是由于顺式结构不同分子链构象所造成的。低温和室温下分峰所得的左子峰对应于最稳定构象产生的吸收，右子峰则对应于相对不稳定构象产生的吸收。同时本工作肯定了米晋瑁等人提出的红外光谱定量分析方法在高顺式样品中的适用性。2、PBD分子链序列结构对红外光谱的影响由于在非高顺式样品中存在CCC、CCT、CCV、TCV、TCT、VCV等多种序列形式，通过不同组成的PBD红外光谱分析，发现在乙烯基含量中、高的样品中，原来738cm~(-1)峰已不再存在，峰值出现在733cm~(-1)附近，而且受1.2结构部分吸收的严重影响，顺式结构CH=CH面外变角吸收已不再是顺式结构的特征峰。通过对850至650cm~(-1)光谱区的光谱解析，本工作认为朱晋瑁等人的红外光谱定量分析方法在乙烯含量中、高的样品中已不再适用。3、PBD拉曼光谱的微结构分析本工作对PBD拉曼光谱1600-1700cm~(-1)区进行了光谱测定，选择了1666、1652和1639.5cm~(-1)吸收峰作为T、C和V构型的特征峰，借助于景遐斌老师的计算分峰方法，对PBD样品进行微结构分析，结果表明，各吸收带拟合良好，特征峰峰位稳定，分别在1666±1、1652±1.5和1639.5±1 cm~(-1)，半峰宽变化不大，峰与峰之间相互影响很小，也就是说，我们选用的特征峰是合理的。用分峰所得的相对面积，结合~1H-NMR测得的值，建立了拉曼光谱PBD定量分析方法。用这一方法对27个不同微结构组成的PBD样品进行分析，所得结果与~1HNMR（高顺式样品与~(13)C-NMR、IR）比较，绝大部分样品一致性很好，最大偏差小于2%。本工作认为，用1666、1652和1639.5cm~(-1)碳双键伸缩振动吸收峰作为T、C和V构型特征峰进行定量分析，在理论上是合理的，在实际上是可行的。而且本方法直接使用固体样品，不经任何溶解和处理，所有计算处理在微机上即可实现，操作和计算都很方便。

A multi-standard active-RC filter with accurate tuning system

A low-power, highly linear, multi-standard, active-RC filter with an accurate and novel tuning architec-ture is presented. It exhibits 1EEE 802. 11a/b/g (9.5 MHz) and DVB-H (3 MHz, 4 MHz) application. The filter exploits digitally-controlled polysilicon resistor banks and a phase lock loop type automatic tuning system. The novel and complex automatic frequency calibration scheme provides better than 4 comer frequency accuracy, and it can be powered down after calibration to save power and avoid digital signal interference. The filter achieves OIP3 of 26 dBm and the measured group delay variation of the receiver filter is 50 ns (WLAN mode). Its dissipation is 3.4 mA in RX mode and 2.3 mA (only for one path) in TX mode from a 2.85 V supply. The dissipation of calibration consumes 2 mA. The circuit has been fabricated in a 0.35μm 47 GHz SiGe BiCMOS technology; the receiver and transmitter filter occupy 0.21 mm~2 and 0.11 mm~2 (calibration circuit excluded), respectively.

超图多级划分算法框架及对划分结果的多阶段优化

超图划分应用于大规模矩阵计算、大规模集成电路等领域.详细地阐述了超图多级划分的算法框架,并提出对划分结果进行优化的一种手段,通过进行多阶段的循环优化,在可以接受的运行时间内得到对超图的一个较优的划分.

一种基于动态自适应数据窗口的模糊k-均值聚类缺失数据估算算法

完整性是数据质量的一个重要维度,由于数据本身固有的不确定性、采集的随机性及不准确性,导致现实应用中产生了大量具有如下特点的数据集:1)数据规模庞大;2)数据往往是不完整、不准确的.因此将大规模数据集分段到不同的数据窗口中处理是数据处理的重要方法,但缺失数据估算的相关研究大都忽视了数据集的特点和窗口的应用,而且回定大小的数据窗17容易造成算法的准确性和性能受窗口大小及窗口内数据值分布的影响.假设数据满足一定的领域相关的约束,首先提出了一种新的基于时间的动态自适应数据窗口检测算法,并基于此窗口提出了一种改进的模糊k-均值聚类算法来进行不完整数据的缺失数据估算.实验表明较之其他算法,不仅能更适应数据集的特点,具有较好的性能,而且能够保证准确性.

青藏高原东缘青杨（Populus cathayana Rehd.）遗传多样性研究

青杨（Populus cathayana Rehd.）是青杨派杨树的主要树种之一，为我国特有乡土树种，其主要分布区之一是我国的青藏高原，集中分布地带在甘肃省中部及青海省东部，四川省西北部岷江上游和松潘等地区。本研究以青藏高原东缘青杨天然分布区的6个群体143个个体为材料，用AFLP、SSR和叶绿体SSR分子标记分析青杨天然群体的遗传多样性，分析其遗传结构和分化，比较6个群体间遗传多样性的高低和群体间的遗传关系。旨在为青杨基因资源评价、保护与保存、遗传改良策略制定等提供科学理论依据。通过以上研究，得出如下主要研究结果： 1 AFLP分子标记研究结果 采用4对选择性引物对6个青杨天然群体143个个体进行分析，扩增谱带分析共检测到175个位点，其中173个位点表现为多态，多态位点百分率高达98.9%。从整体上表现出较高的遗传多样性，Nei’s基因多样度(h)水平为0.306。从青杨天然群体位点分布来看，有高达20%的位点（32位点）为群体所特有，仅有9.14%的位点（16位点）在所有群体中存在。群体间的遗传分化极大，所有遗传变异中，有48.9%的遗传变异存在于群体间。在个体群丛（Individuals cluster）和主坐标（PCO analysis）分析中，青杨各群体未呈现任何地理模式，Mantel检测也显示各群体间遗传距离与地理距离无明显相关。研究认为，由于地理和空间上大尺度的隔离和地形地貌复杂使得群体间无法进行基因交流，导致群体间遗传分化极大，另外各群体在不同的选择压力下，经历各自独立的进化历程，这些都可能导致群体间遗传距离与地理距离的不相关。 2 SSR分子标记研究结果 在SSR分析中，7个位点在6个青杨天然群体143个个体中共检测到79个等位基因，每位点检测到的等位基因数在5-16之间，平均11.3个，总体上多态位点百分率达100%。平均观察杂合度和期望杂合度分别为0.792和0.802。Hardy-Weinberg平衡检验表明青杨大部分群体都处于非平衡状态，群体大部分位点都是偏离哈迪-温伯格平衡（76.3%），只有23.7%的测验满足哈迪-温伯格平衡。分析青杨天然群体内和群体间的遗传变异，基因分化系数（GST）为0.373，即有62.7%的遗传变异存在群体内，37.3%的遗传变异存在群体间。群体内的遗传变异高于群体间水平。根据各群体遗传距离UPGMA聚类分析，有来自相临分布区、近似气候类型的群体聚在一起的趋势，但Mantel检测反映遗传距离与地理距离间并无明显相关性。 3 cpSSR分子标记研究结果 分析来自青藏高原东缘6个青杨天然群体，所用cpSSR引物中有5对cpSSR引物（CCMP2、CCMP5、SCUO01、SCU03、SCU07）都表现较高的多态性，单个引物检测的片段数都在4以上。5对cpSSR引物共检测片段数26个，组成了12种叶绿体DNA单倍型。各群体的单倍型分布和频率有较大差异，群体单倍型多样性范围为0-0.4926，TS、JZ、PW和SHY群体单倍型多样性高于QHY和LED群体水平。本研究发现，分布在青藏高原东缘的青杨天然群体，群体间不存在共享的单倍型，各群体间存在极大的遗传分化（GST=0.9223）。从青藏高原东缘地区经历的地质历史事件来看，第四纪的冰期气候变迁可能是造成青杨现今遗传结构模式的主要因素之一。根据单倍型在各群体的分布情况，进行青杨群体聚类分析结果，各群体无明显的分组现象，青杨各群体也未呈现任何清晰地理模式。 由于不同分子标记在对群体遗传多样性检测能力与效率上存在差异，所以三种标记检测的青藏高原东缘青杨天然群体遗传多性水平也不尽一致，但在与用同种方法检测其它物种或同一物种不同种源群体比较，三种分子标记方法都揭示了青藏高原东缘青杨天然群体具有中等偏上的遗传多样性水平。结果分析表明，群体间遗传分化极大，这是由于青杨天然群体分布于青藏高原东缘，既有高原又有高山峡谷，由于地理和空间上大尺度的隔离和地形地貌复杂导致了基因流物理上的阻隔。三种分子标记研究结果经Mantel分析检测，遗传距离与地理距离之间都无明显相关性。较为一致的解释是，青杨分布区域地理和空间上大尺度的隔离和和地形地貌复杂导致群体之间不存在均匀扩散现象，另外各群体在不同的选择压力下，经历各自独立的进化历程，这些都可能导致群体间遗传距离与地理距离的不相关。 The wide geographical and climatic distribution of P. cathayana Rehd. indicates that there is a large amount of genetic diversity available, which can be exploited for conservation, breeding programs and afforestation schemes. The results are as follows: 1 Research results of AFLP genetic diversity In present study, genetic diversity was evaluated in the natural populations of P. cathayana originating from southern and eastern edge of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau of China by means of AFLP markers. For four primer combinations, a total of 175 bands were obtained, of which 173 (98.9%) were polymorphic. Six natural populations of P. cathayana possessed different levels of genetic diversity, high level of genetic differentiation existed among populations (GST=0.489) of P. cathayana. Individuals cluster and PCO analysis based on Jaccard’s similarity coefficient also showed evident population genetic structure with high level population genetic differentiation. The long evolutionary process coupled with genetic drift within populations, rather than contemporary gene flow, are the major forces shaping genetic structure of P. cathayana populations. Moreover, there is no correspondence between geographical and genetic distances in the populations of P. cathayana, seldom gene exchange among populations and different selection pressures may be the causes. Our finding of different levels of genetic diversity within population and high level of genetic differentiation among populations provided promising condition for further breeding or conservation programs. 2 Research results of SSR genetic diversity In this study, the genetic diversity of P. cathayana was investigated using microsatellite markers. In a total of 150 individuals collected from six natural populations in the southeastern part of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau in China, a high level of microsatellite polymorphism was detected. At the seven investigated microsatellite loci, the number of alleles per locus ranged from 5 to 16, with a mean of 11.3, the observed heterozygosities across populations ranged from 0.408 to 0.986, with a mean of 0.792, and the expected heterozygosities across populations ranged from 0.511 to 0.891, with a mean of 0.802. The proportion of genetic differentiation among populations accounted for 37.3% of the whole genetic diversity. The presence of such a high level of genetic diversity could be attributed to the features of the species and the habitats where the sampled populations occur: The southeastern part of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau is regarded as the natural distribution and variation center of the genus Populus in China. Variation in environmental conditions and selection pressures in different populations, and topographic dispersal barriers could be factors associated with the high level of genetic differentiation found among populations. The populations possessed significant heterozygosity excesses, which may be due to extensive population mixing at the local scale. The cluster analysis showed that the populations are not strictly grouped according to their geographic distances but the habitat characteristics also influence the divergence pattern. In addition, we suggest that population SHY should be regarded as an ecologically divergent species of P. cathayana. 3 Research results of cpSSR genetic diversity Genetic diversity of six natural populations of P. cathayana originating from the southeastern part of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau in China was studied by use of cpSSR markers. Based on 5 pairs of polymorphic primers screened from 12 pairs of primers, twenty-six different length fragments and twelve different kinds of haplotypes were reduced in 143 samples. There were significant variant haplotypes among the populations．There were no shared haplotypes found among populations, analysis of molecular variance indicated that a high proportion of the total genetic variance was attributable to variations among populations (92.23%). The pattern of genetic structure which is associated with spatial separation, variation in environmental conditions and selection pressures in different populations, is also the result of geological historical factor. A molecular phylogenetic tree based on the 12 haplotypes showed that the populations are not strictly grouped according to their geographic distances.

RFQ冷却聚束器的离子引出系统

论述了RFQ冷却聚束器的两种离子引出系统——静电引出和小型RFQ方法的模拟结果,并通过流体力学方法计算了设计中的静电引出系统的氦气流量和系统可能获得的真空度.研究结果表明在较低氦气气压时,应该选用小型RFQ引出方法,以获得更好的束流品质,而在较高氦气气压时,只能选用静电引出方法.另外,由于设计中的RFQ冷却聚束器经常工作于高氦气气压条件下,因此高纯度氦气的回收和再利用是必需的.

Climatic reconstruction at the miocene shanwang basin；China；using leaf margin analysis；clamp；coexistence approach；and overlapping distribution analysis

IEECAS SKLLQG

Characteristics and genesis of maghemite in Chinese loess and paleosols: Mechanism for magnetic susceptibility enhancement in paleosols

IEECAS SKLLQG

~(133)Sm的(EC+β~+)衰变和~(133)Pr的1.1s同质异能态

通过96 Ru( 4 0 Ca ,ln2p)反应 ,采用氦喷嘴带传输系统和X γ与γ γ符合测量方法 ,首次建议了133Sm的简单的 (EC + β+)衰变纲图 .由于Ru靶中含有98— 10 2 Ru的成分 ,同时产生了133Pr,并首次测定了133Pr的 1 1 / 2 - 同质异能态的寿命为( 1 .1± 0 .2 )s.用单粒子模型提取了131,133,135 ,137Pr的 1 1 / 2 - 同质异能态的约化跃迁几率的实验值 ,并与Weisscopf近似估计进行了比较 .

Dynamical analysis on heavy-ion fusion reactions near Coulomb barrier

The shell correction is proposed in the improved isospin dependent quantum molecular dynamics (Im-IQMD) model, which plays an important role in heavy-ion fusion reactions near Coulomb barrier. By using the ImIQMD model, the static and dynamical fusion barriers, dynamical barrier distribution in the fusion reactions are analyzed systematically. The fusion and capture excitation functions for a series of reaction systems are calculated and compared with experimental data. It is found that the fusion cross sections for neutron-rich systems increase obviously, and the strong shell effects of two colliding nuclei result in a decrease of the fusion cross sections at the sub-barrier energies. The lowering of the dynamical fusion barriers favors the enhancement of the sub-barrier fusion cross sections, which is related to the nucleon transfer and the neck formation in the fusion reactions.

《中国沙地森林生态系统》评介

沙地森林是分布我国草原地区沙地上的大（中）高位芽植物为建群种形成的森林群落．由于其独特的生态条件、丰富的生物多样性和重要的生态系统功能，对我国北方防风固沙、控制土地沙漠化，改善当地农牧区人民生活环境以及三北防护林体系建设发挥巨大的生态效益、经济效益和...