Molecular cloning and characterization of carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) CD8 beta and CD4-like genes

Partial cDNA sequences of both CD8 beta and CD4-like (CD4L) genes of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) were isolated from thymus cDNA library by the method of suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH). Subsequently the full length cDNAs of carp CD8 and CD4L were obtained by means of 3' RACE and 5' RACE, respectively. The full length cDNA of carp CD8 is 1164 bp and encodes 207 amino acids including a signal peptide region of 24 amino acids, a transmembrane region of 23 amino acids from aa 167 to aa189 and an immunoglobulin V-set from aa 19 to aa 141. Similar to other species CD8 beta s,carp CD8 beta also lacks p56(lck) domain in the cytoplasmic region. The full length cDNA of carp CD4L is 2001 bp and encodes 458 amino acids including four immunoglobulin (Ig)-like domains in the extracellular region, a transmembrane region of 23 amino acids at the C-terminal region from aa 402 to aa 424 and a cytoplasmic tail. Similar to mammalian, avian CD4s and fugu CD4L, carp CD4L also has the conserved p56(lck) tyrosine kinase motif (C-X-C) in the cytoplasmic region. RT-PCR analysis demonstrated that carp CD8 beta and CD4L genes were both expressed predominantly in thymus. The results from this study can be used to understand the evolution of both the CD8 beta and CD4 molecules which can be used as markers for cytotoxic and helper T cells in carp. (c) 2007 Published by Elsevier Ltd.

Temperature- and salinity-dependent development of a Nordic strain of Ichthyophthirius multifiliis from rainbow trout

During the twentieth century evidence was presented which suggested the presence of various strains and races of the parasite Ichthyophthirius multifiliis Fouquet. However, ecological profiles of various parasite isolates from different climatic zones are sparse. Such stringent characterizations of parasite development at defined abiotic conditions could provide valuable criteria for the different races: profile comparison from various localities is one way to differentiate these strains. Baseline investigations were therefore performed on the associations between abiotic factors (temperature/salinity) and the development of theronts in tomocysts of I. multifiliis isolated from rainbow trout in a Danish trout farm. It was shown that tomocyst formation and theront development took place between 5 and 30degreesC. Development rates and sizes of theronts were clearly affected by temperature: theronts escaped tomocysts already after 16-27 h at 25degreesC and 30degreesC, whereas this process took 8-9 days at 5degreesC. Likewise, theront size decreased steadily from a maximum of 57.4 x 28.6 mum at 5degreesC to 28.6 x 20.0 mum at 30degreesC. This size variation was only partly associated with the number of theronts that appeared at different temperatures. The lowest number of theronts escaping from one tomocyst was indeed found at 5-7degreesC (mean 329-413). At 11.6, 17.0 and 21degreesC. the highest number of theronts appeared (mean 546-642). However, at 25 and 30degreesC, the number decreased (458 and 424, respectively). Additional studies on the salinity dependent development of the parasite (at 11.6degreesC) showed that salinities above 5 p.p.t. totally inhibited development. Even at 5 p.p.t. the developmental time significantly increased and the number of theronts produced from one tomocyst decreased.

First principle study of Mg, Si and Mn co-doped GaN

Calculations of electronic structures and optical properties of Mg (or Si) and Mn co-doped GaN were carried out by means of first-principle plane-wave pesudopotential (PWP) based on density functional theory - The spin polarized impurity bands of deep energy levels were found for both systems. They are half metallic and suitable for spin injectors. Compared with GaN Mn, GaN Mn-Mg exhibits a significant increase in T-C 1 while the 1.3 eV absorption peak in GaN Mn disappears due to addition of Mg. In addition, a strong absorption peak due to T-4(1) (F) -> T-4(2) (F) transition of Mn4+ were observed near 1.1 eV. Nevertheless, GaN Mn-Si failed to show increase of T-C, and the absorption peak was not observed at the low energy side.

Investigation of Mn-implanted n-Si by low-energy ion beam deposition

Mn ions were implanted to n-type Si(0 0 1) single crystal by low-energy ion beam deposition technique with an energy of 1000 eV and a dose of 7.5 x 10(17) cm(-2). The samples were held at room temperature and at 300degreesC during implantation. Auger electron spectroscopy depth profiles of samples indicate that the Mn ions reach deeper in the sample implanted at 300degreesC than in the sample implanted at room temperature. X-ray diffraction measurements show that the structure of the sample implanted at room temperature is amorphous while that of the sample implanted at 300degreesC is crystallized. There are no new phases found except silicon both in the two samples. Atomic force microscopy images of samples indicate that the sample implanted at 300degreesC has island-like humps that cover the sample surface while there is no such kind of characteristic in the sample implanted at room temperature. The magnetic properties of samples were investigated by alternating gradient magnetometer (AGM). The sample implanted at 300degreesC shows ferromagnetic behavior at room temperature. (C) 2004 Elsevier BN. All rights reserved.

Influences of As flux on the lattice constants, magnetic and transport properties of (Ga, Mn)As epilayers

A series of (Ga, Mn)As epilayers have been prepared on semi-insulating GaAs (001) substrates at 230 degrees C by molecular-beam epitaxy under fixed temperatures of Ga and Mn cells and varied temperatures of the As cell. By systematically studying the lattice constants, magnetic and magneto-transport properties in a self-consistent manner, we find that the concentration of As antisites monotonically increases with increasing As flux, while the concentration of interstitial Mn defects decreases with it. Such a trend sensitively affects the properties of (Ga, Mn)As epilayers. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Broadband external cavity tunable quantum dot lasers with low injection current density

Broadband grating-coupled external cavity laser, based on InAs/GaAs quantum dots, is achieved. The device has a wavelength tuning range from 1141.6 nm to 1251.7 nm under a low continuous-wave injection current density (458 A/cm(2)). The tunable bandwidth covers consecutively the light emissions from both the ground state and the 1st excited state of quantum dots. The effects of cavity length and antireflection facet coating on device performance are studied. It is shown that antireflection facet coating expands the tuning bandwidth up to similar to 150 nm, accompanied by an evident increase in threshold current density, which is attributed to the reduced interaction between the light field and the quantum dots in the active region of the device.

海灰色选择性热反射涂料的实验研究

研制了一种海灰色选择性热反射涂料并测量了反射光谱，它能反射35% 以上的可见光和80% 以上的近红外热辐射。

黄土高原小流域土地类型分类及制图研究——以固原市上黄试区为例

文章以固原市上黄试区为研究对象,在综合性、主导性和实用性分类原则的指导下,建立了黄土高原小流域尺度上的土地类型分类体系,并借助Arcview/Arcinfo/Erdas等地理信息系统软件对分类结果进行了制图。以期为今后相同地貌类型和尺度下的土地类型分类研究奠定工作基础,同时为上黄试区水土流失治理与土地资源的合理配置提供科学依据。

用光化学方法氧化Tb~(3+)、Pr~(3+)、Ce~(3+)离子

本文内容包括Tb~(3+)、Pr~(3+)、Ce~(3+)的光氧化。研究了各种因素对氧化率或四价离子生成量的影响。在Tb~(3+)光氧化的基础上，建立了混合钇族稀土中Tb的光化学分析法及混合稀土中Tb的化学氧化分析方法。Tb~(3+)、Pr~(3+)的光氧化是开创性的工作，Tb的分析方法具有一定的应用价值。1 Ce~(3+)d HZO_3－HClO_4体系中的光氧化 用低压汞灯（254nm)、高压汞灯(366nm)和氩离子激光器(351/364nm, 458 nm, 477nm, 502 nm, 514, nm)光辐照Ce~(3+)-HZO_3-HClO_4溶液，Ce~(3+)发生光氧化反应，生成Ce(ZO_3)_4沉淀 。在低压汞灯254 nm波段可获得较高的氧化率，具它波段下的氧化率低，以低压汞灯为光源辐照。研究了温度、光强、酸度、Ce~(3+)初始浓度及辐照时间对氧化率的影响。降低酸度，选择较高的温度和较大的光强，有利于Ce~(3+)的光氧化。2 Tb~(3+)在KIO_4-KOH体系中的光氧化 用高压汞灯（366nm)光辐照Tb~(3+)-KIO_4-KOH溶液，首次实现了Tb~(3+)的光氧化。研究了碱度、络合剂浓度，Tb~(3+)初始浓度、辐照面积，光强和辐照时间等因素对Tb~(4+)生成的影响。测定了Tb(IV)/Rb(III)的氧化还原电势。适宜的KOH浓度应大于0.3M，KIO_4的浓度要比Tb~(3+)初始浓度大几个数量级。当KOH=0.6M, KIO_4=0.22M, 温度为13 ℃时。E_(Tb(IV)/Tb(III))=0.68优，生成的Tb~(4+)可溶性络离子为红棕色，最大吸收峰在420nm附近，比较稳定。3 用光氧化法分析钇族混合稀土中的Tb 根据Tb~(3+)在KIO_4-KOH体系中的光氧化反应，建立了钇族混合稀土中Tb的分光光度分析方法。在高压汞灯366nm的光辐照不无色的Tb~(3+)转变为红棕色的Tb~(4+)，其谱带的吸收峰值在420nm，其它三价钇族稀土无此反应，故无千扰，在Tb的分析浓度范围为1*10~(-5)M - 1*10~(-3)M时，符合Beer定律，Tb在钇族混合稀土中含量的分析最低限为0.2%。此方法可用于萃取钇族稀土过程中Tb的分析，方法简便快速。4 用化学氧化法分析混合稀土中的Tb 根据Tb~(3+)在KIO_4-KOH-K_2S_2O_8体系中的氧化反应，建立了混和稀土中Tb的分光光度分析方法。Tb~(3+)-KzO_4-KOH-K_2S_2O_8溶液加热，Tb~(3+)被氧化的Tb~(4+)，其颜色由无色转变为红棕色，最大吸收峰在420nm。Ce~(3+)加入KIO＿4－KOH溶液后，立即被完全氧化为Ce~(4+), Ce~(4+)在420nm也有吸收，其干扰可以在本底中排除，其它三价稀土离子在此体系中不能发生氧化反应，故无干扰。在Tb的分析浓度范围为5*10~(-5)-5*10~(-4)M时，符合Beer定律，Tb在混合稀土中含量分析的最低限为1％。此方法可用于萃取稀土过程中Tb的分析和监控，方法简便快速。5 Pr~(3+)在KZO_4－KOH体系中的光氧化用高压汞灯光辐照Pr~(3+)-KZO_4-KOH溶液，首次实现了Pr~(3+)的光氧化。生成的Pr~(4+)为棕褐色，最大吸收峰在400nm附近，稳定性较差，在水溶液中发生自还原反应。按Pr~(4+)在400nm的吸收峰值，研究了辐照时间，Pr~(3+)初始浓度，KOH浓度、KZO＿4浓度及Ce~(4+)共存时对Pr~9(4+)生成的影响。相应增加KOH及KZO＿4用量，有利于Pr~(4+)的生成，Ce~(4+)对Pr~(3+)的光氧化无所谓的“带同氧化作用”。