环境胁迫对鱼类免疫系统影响的研究概况

<正> 环境胁迫(environmental stress)是指环境对鱼类所处的生存状态产生的压力,可以分为急性环境胁迫和慢性环境胁迫。捉捞(handling)和干扰(disturbance)等引起急性环境胁迫,而水质逐渐恶化和高密度放养等造成慢性胁迫。随着世界人口的增长和消费水平的提高,世界渔业也得到了长足的发展。但与此同时,由于人类活动范围的扩大、程度的加深,

从我国分离的3株蛙虹彩病毒与蛙病毒3型主要衣壳蛋白基因同源性的比较

中国科学院王宽诚基金 ( 1999) ; 中国科学院生物特支费 (STZ -0 0 -13); 国家重点基础 ( 973)项目 (G19990 5 390 8)基金的部分资助

氯霉素在草鱼和复合四倍体异育银鲫体内的比较药代动力学

研究并比较了给草鱼和复合四倍体异育银鲫（简称高倍体鲫鱼）单次腹腔注射氯霉素１００ｍｇ／ｋｇ后的药代动力学特征。采用ＨＰＬＣ测定血液中氯霉素的浓度。试验期间水温为（２０±２）℃。结果表明，氯霉素在这２种鱼体内的处置过程相似，均可用带一级吸收的二室开放模型进行描述；药物从腹腔吸收迅速，给药后分别在０．９２ｈ和０．６３ｈ血中浓度达到高峰，无吸收时滞；在草鱼和高倍体鲫鱼体内药物的ｔ１２β相近，分别为１１．９ｈ和１１．１ｈ，但体清除率（ＣｌＢ）相差较大；氯霉素在高倍体鲫鱼体内比在草鱼体内有更强的亲组织性，总表观分布

中国鼓藻目新资料

本文报道浙江省东钱湖和西湖鼓藻目8个属的1个新种、3个新变种、20个中国新记录种及变种。

中国隆背溞属（甲壳纲：双甲目）一新记录

描述了中国隆背　属的一新记录，补充了属的特征并编制了本属的分种检索表。

微囊藻毒素分子致毒机理研究近况

<正> 目前,日趋严重的水体富营养化使水华发生已成为全球性环境问题,产生水华的藻类因而也受到越来越多的重视。海洋赤潮中甲藻所产生的毒素已引起人类的严重的中毒事件,虽然淡水水华还未发现引起人类急性中毒事件,但由于饮用发生水华水体的水而导致家畜、家禽及野生动物死亡的事件频繁发生,淡水水华已引起科学家的关注。微囊

外源基因在鲫鱼胚胎发育过程中的表达

<正> 近五年来,通过显微注射技术,已将各种克隆基因片段导入了不同种的鱼类受精卵中,目的是探讨培育能稳定遗传外源基因的鱼类新品系的可行性,为鱼类定向育种开辟新途径。已发表的研究报告证明,外源基因导入鱼类受精卵后均可与受体基因组整合,部分实验显示外源基因可以表达,且其表达产物具有生物活性。目前有关检测外源基因表达的实验大多采用放射免疫方法或观察其整体生物学效应。唯有朱作言等利用分子杂交技术在受体胚胎发育的肌肉效

梁子湖罧业的调查

<正> 罧是我国古代就开始运用的一种渔法,早在尔雅释器篇中就有:“今之作椮者,积柴木于水中,鱼得寒入其里藏隐,因以薄围捕取之”之说。湖北省黄岗专区湖泊概况(1952)中所载梁子湖罧业操作的方式也基本相同(详见下节)。该书中并提出梁子湖罧业的产量是十分高的,象1951年在公私合营栈子石一个罧区就捕得鱼一千多担。然而,关于这一渔法可以捕获那些性质的鱼类以及这些鱼类为什么会集中到罧区来的问题已往还没有人去研究过。本所梁子湖工作队的一部分同志曾在1955年4月到1956年2月之间实地

Avian influenza virus infection induces differential expression of genes in chicken kidney

The pathogenic process of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) infection is poorly understood. To explore the differential expression of kidney genes as a result of HPAIV infection, two cDNA libraries were constructed from uninfected and infected kidneys by suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH). Fifteen genes including IFN-stimulated genes (ISG12), lymphocyte antigen 6 complex locus E gene (LY6E), matrix Gla protein gene (MGP), lysozyme gene, haemopoiesis related membrane protein I gene, KIAA1259, MGC68696, G6pe-prov protein gene (G6PC), MGC4504, alcohol dehydrogenase gene (ADH), glutathione S-transferase gene (GST), sodium-dependent high-affinity dicarboxylate transporter gene (SDCT), Synaptotagmin XV (SytXV) and two novel genes were found significantly up-regulated or dramatically suppressed. Differential expression of these genes was further identified by Northern blot. Functional analysis indicated that the regulation of their expression might contribute to the pathogenic process of HPAIV infection. In contrast, the increased expression of three IFN-stimulated genes named ISG12, LY6E, and haemopoiesis related membrane protein 1 gene might reflect host defense responses. Further study showed that ISG12 protein failed to directly interact with NS1 protein of HPAIV which expressed simultaneously in the organs where HPAIV replication occurred, by use of BacterioMatch two-hybrid system. Therefore, our findings may provide new insights into understanding the molecular mechanism underlying the pathophysiological process of HPAIV infection in chicken. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Identification of a novel C2 domain factor in ovaries of orange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides)

Follicle consists of an oocyte and a lot of surrounding follicular cells, and significant interactions exist between the oocyte and the somatic cells. In this study, a novel cDNA has been screened from a subtractive cDNA library between tail bud embryos and blastula embryos in the protogynous hermaphrodite orange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides). Its full-length cDNA is 821 bp, and has an ORF of 414 by for encoding a peptide of 137 aa, which shows 38%, 37%, 33%, and 33% homology with 4 putative proteins screened from zebrafish (Danio rerio). Conserved domain search in NCBI reveals a single C2 domain existing in the C2 domain superfamily proteins, and has only 7 beta strands in comparison with 8 beta strands of C2 domains in other C2 domain superfamily proteins. Artificial sex reversal, RT-PCR analysis and Western blot detection demonstrated ovary-specific expression of the C2 domain factor, and therefore the novel gene was designated as E. coioides ovary-specific C2 domain factor, EcOC2 factor. Moreover, predominant expression of EcOC2 factor was further revealed in grouper mature ovary, and its strong immunofluorescence signals were located between granulosa cells and oocyte zona radiata in grouper mature follicles. The data indicate that the novel EcOC2 factor might be a main component that associates between granulosa cells and the oocyte during oocyte maturation, and might play significant roles in regulating oocyte maturation and ovulation. Further studies on its developmental behaviour and physiological functions will elucidate the interactions between oocyte and the surrounding somatic cells and the underlying molecular mechanisms. (C) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Rapid bioassay as indicator of potentially harmful effects for dioxin-like compounds in sample of Ya-Er Lake, China: Requirements for clean-up and comparison to chemical analysis

A rapid bioassay was established measuring the extracts of wildlife samples which were taken from Ya-Er Lake area, China. In extracts of these samples containing PCDD/Fs and PCBs, bioassay and chemically derived TCDD-equivalents (TEQs) were nearly identical. Our results indicate this bioassay is an excellent complement to chemical residue analysis and a useful tool in understanding the complex interactions of halogenated hydrocarbons. However, it must be mentioned that the proper prior clean-up method is very important for using the bioassay.

First-principles prediction of the magnetism of 3d transition-metal-doped Rocksalt MgO

Using first-principles band structure methods, we have systematically studied the electronic structures, magnetic stabilities, and half-metal properties of 3d transition-metal (TM) doped Rocksalt MgO compounds TMMg3O4 (TM = V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, and Ni). The calculations reveal that only CrMg3O4 has a ferromagnetic stability among the six compounds, which is explained by double-exchange mechanism. The magnetic stability is affected by the doping concentration of TM if the top valance band is composed of partially occupied t(2g) states. In addition, CrMg3O4 is a half-metallic ferromagnet. The origins of half-metallic and ferromagnetic properties are explored. The Curie temperature (T-c) of CrMg3O4 is 182 K. And it is hard for CrMg3O4 to deform due to the large bulk modulus and shear modulus, so it is a promising spintronic material. Our calculations provide the first available information on the magnetic properties of 3d TM-doped MgO.

First-principles study on the structural and electronic properties of ultrathin ZnO nanofilms

First-principles calculations; ZnO nanofilms; Electronic properties; Quantum effects； NANOBELTS; NANORINGS; WURTZITE; ENERGY Abstract: Using first-principles density-functional calculations, we have studied the structural and electronic properties Of Ultrathin ZnO {0001} nanofilms. The structural parameters, the charge densities, band structures and density of states have been investigated. The results show that there are remarkable charge transfers from Zn to O atoms in the ZOO nanofilms. All the ZOO nanofilms exhibit direct wide band gaps compared with bulk counterpart, and the gap decreases with increased thickness of the nanofilms. The decreased band gap is associated with the weaker ionic bonding within layers and the less localization of electrons in thicker films. A staircase-like density of states occurs at the bottom of conduction band, indicating the two-dimensional quantum effects in ZnO nanofilms.