大熊猫微卫星DNA的筛选及其应用

经DpnII限制酶消化大熊猫基因组DNA后, 选取150-500bp大小的片段构建了DNA文库。共克隆筛先了10个微卫星DNA座位, 并测定了其序列, 在此基础止设计了相应的PCR引物。这些座位能有效地应用于大熊猫的亲子鉴定。

Effect of glycerol and dimethyl sulfoxide on cryopreservation of rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta) sperm

Glycerol and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) are widely used as penetrating cryoprotectants in the freezing of sperm, and various concentrations are applied in different species and laboratories. The present study aimed to examine the effect of these two cryoprotectants at different concentrations (2%, 5%, 10%, and 15% glycerol or DMSO) on rhesus monkey sperm cryopreservation. The results showed that the highest recovery of post-thaw sperm motility, and plasma membrane and acrosome integrity was achieved when the sperm was frozen with 5% glycerol. Spermatozoa cryopreserved with 15% DMSO showed the lowest post-thaw sperm motility, and spermatozoa cryopreserved with 15% glycerol and 15% DMSO showed the lowest plasma membrane integrity among the eight groups. The results achieved with 5% glycerol were significantly better for all parameters than those obtained with 5% DMSO. The functional cryosurvival of sperm frozen with 5% glycerol was further assessed by in vitro fertilization (IVF). Overall, 85.7% of the oocytes were successfully fertilized, and 51.4% and 5.7% of the resulting zygotes developed into morulae and blastocysts, respectively. The results indicate that the type and concentration of the penetrating cryoprotectant used can greatly affect the survival of rhesus monkey sperm after it is frozen and thawed. The suitable glycerol level for rhesus monkey sperm freezing is 5%, and DMSO is not suitable for rhesus monkey sperm cryopreservation. (C) 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

Composition and evolution of the V2r vorneronasal receptor gene repertoire in mice and rats

Pheromones are chemicals produced and detected by conspecifics to elicit social/sexual physiological and behavioral responses, and they are perceived primarily by the vomeronasal organ (VNO) in terrestrial vertebrates. Two large superfamilies of G protein-coupled receptors, V1rs and V2rs, have been identified as pheromone receptors in vomeronasal sensory neurons. Based on a computational analysis of the mouse and rat genome sequences, we report the first global draft of the V2r gene repertoire, composed of similar to 200 genes and pseudogenes. Rodent V2rs are subject to rapid gene births/deaths and accelerated amino acid substitutions, likely reflecting the species-specific nature of pheromones. Vertebrate V2rs appear to have originated twice prior to the emergence of the VNO in ancestral tetrapods, explaining seemingly inconsistent observations among different V2rs. The identification of the entire V2r repertoire opens the door to genomic-level studies of the structure, function, and evolution of this diverse group of sensory receptors. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

中国叶猴类的分类、现状与保护

国家自然科学基金

独龙江中下游流域的鱼类区系

独龙江流域位于云南省的西北部,北与青藏高原相连,西与缅甸毗邻.中国科学院昆明动物研究所于2004年10月~11月对该水域鱼类资源进行了具体调查,共计采集到鱼类标本883号,分别属于鲤形目、鲇形目;裂腹鱼亚科、野鲮亚科、鮡科;共2目、3科(亚科)、6属、7种.对独龙江鱼类区系与其相邻水系的鱼类区系进行比较分析,认为独龙江水系的鱼类区系与怒江水系的鱼类区系有着更近的渊缘关系.

蛇ju属一新亚种记述

通过对采自云南程海和珠江、闽江、长江、辽河、松花江等水系蛇ju标本的形态、度量特征进行仔细分析和比较，认为蛇ju程海种群是蛇ju的1个新亚种，命名为程海蛇ju（Saurogobio dabryi chenghaiensis）。程海蛇ju的特征为：吻皮发达，盖过上唇；上下唇布满发达的乳突；体及尾柄极细长，体高为体长的12.7％-15.0％，尾柄高为体长的5.5％-6.1％、为尾柄长的31.8％-39.1％；沿体侧中轴自鳃孔上方至尾鳍基具一浅色暗纹，其上布有6-11个大型棒状黑斑（黑斑长为宽的2-4倍）；肛门位于腹鳍长度的中点之后；尾鳍最长鳍条为其最短鳍条的2倍以上；仅分布于云南程海。

锚头鳋科(寄生桡足类)的系统发育

锚头鳋科Lernaeidae是剑水蚤目Cyclopoida中以第1触角短和第1小颚单枝型或退化消失为共同离征的一个自然类群, 因此以剑水蚤科Cyclopidae作为外群(out group), 把锚头鳋科各 属筛选出的性状与剑水蚤科的相应性状比较, 以确定其性质, 即该性状为祖征, 还是离征。经比较, 发现21个性状在锚头鳋科11个属中呈镶嵌分布。根据性状的镶嵌分布和简约性原则, 推导出锚头鳋科的属间系统发育分支图。图6表1参17