Preparation and properties of microporous membrane from poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-tetrafluoroethylene) (F2.4) for membrane distillation

Flat-sheet microporous membranes from F2.4 for membrane distillation (MD) were prepared by phase inversion process. Dimethylacetamide (DMAC) and LiClO(4)(.)3H(2)O/trimethyl phosphate (TMP) were, respectively, used as solvent and pore-forming additives. The effects of casting solution composition, exposure time prior to coagulation and temperature of precipitation bath on F2.4 membrane structure were investigated. The morphology of resultant porous membrane was observed by scanning electron microcopy. Some natures of F2.4 porous membrane after drying in air, such as mechanical properties and hydrophobicity, were exhibited and compared with poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) membrane prepared by the same ways. Stress-at-break and strength stress of F2.4 microporous membrane are higher than that of PVDF membrane, and elongation percentage of F2.4 membrane at break is about eight-fold as great as that of PVDF membrane. Contact angle of F2.4 microporous membrane to water (86.6 +/- 0.51degrees) was also larger than that of PVDF mernbrane (80.0 +/- 0.78degrees). MD experiment was carried out using a direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD) configuration as final test to permeate performance of resultant microporous membrane.

Mechanism and life study on polyaniline anti-corrosion coating

Solvent free polyaniline emeraldine base(EB) corrosion protection coating was prepared, employing aliphatic polyamine as solvent of EB as well as hardener of epoxy resin. This coating passed 2000h of salt fog test when the EB loading was about 1 wt%. The interaction between EB and iron indicated that EB acted as a "quasi-catalyst" to cause the formation of densed iron oxide film in the interface.

Eu~(2+),Dy~(3+)共掺杂硼铝锶长余辉玻璃陶瓷

首次介绍了一种新型长余辉材料 :Eu2 + ,Dy3 + 共掺杂硼铝锶长余辉玻璃陶瓷 ,该玻璃陶瓷用紫外灯、日光、荧光灯均可激发 ,发射黄绿色余辉 ,余辉的发射峰位于 5 16nm ,来自于Eu2 + 的 5d→ 8S7/ 2 跃迁。用12 0 0 0lx的荧光灯激发样品 2 0分钟 ,停止激发后 10秒时 ,该玻璃陶瓷的余辉亮度为 3 5 3cd/m2 ,色坐标为 :x =0 2 84 2 ,y =0 5 772 ;停止激发后 5小时 5 5分钟 ,该玻璃陶瓷的余辉亮度为 0 0 1cd/m2 ;停止激发 30小时后 ,余辉在黑暗中仍肉眼可见。文中对该玻璃陶瓷的相关性质进行了表征 ,并提出了可能的长余辉机理

有机/无机纳米杂化材料负载钛催化剂及聚合研究 Ⅰ.乙烯聚合

以苯乙烯与马来酸酐无规共聚物 ( SMA)为有机组分 ,以正硅酸乙酯 ( TEOS)为无机组分 ,利用 sol- gel方法制得纳米杂化材料 ,以此为载体合成了杂化材料载体钛系催化剂 .利用 XPS、IR分析了载体与 Ti Cl4 的结合方式 ,并进行了乙烯聚合的研究 .结果表明 ,聚乙烯活性并不高( 1.72× 10 6g/h·mol)且分子量分布为 4 .0左右 ;堆密度范围是 0 .30～ 0 .39g/cm3.

Phase transition and transition kinetics of a thermotropic poly(amide-imide) derived from 70% pyromellitic dianhydride, 30% terephthaloyl chloride, and 1,3-bis[4-(4 '-aminophenoxy)cumyl]benzene

The phase transition and transition kinetics of a liquid crystalline copoly(amide-imide) (PAI37), which was synthesized from 70 mol% pyromellitic dianhydride, 30 mol% terephthaloyl chloride, and 1,3-bis[4-(4'-aminophenoxy)cumyl]benzene, was characterized by differential scanning calorimetry, polarized light microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and rheology. PAI37 exhibits a glass transition temperature at 182 degreesC followed by multiple phase transitions. The crystalline phase starts to melt at similar to 220 degreesC and forms smectic C (S-C) phase. The Sc phase transforms into smectic A (S-A) phase when the temperature is above 237 degreesC. The S-C to S-A transition spans a broad temperature range in which the S-A phase vanishes and forms isotropic melt. The WARD fiber pattern of PAI37 pulled from the anisotropic melt revealed an anomalous chain orientation, which was characterized by its layer normal perpendicular to the fiber direction. The transition kinetics for the mesophase and crystalline phase formation was also studied.

Melting crystallization behavior of nylon 66

Analysis of isothermal and nonisothermal crystallization kinetics of nylon 66 was carried out using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The commonly used Avrami equation and that modified by Jeziorny were used, respectively, to fit the primary stage of isothermal and nonisothermal crystallizations of nylon 66. In the isothermal crystallization process, mechanisms of spherulitic nucleation and growth were discussed. The lateral and folding surface free energies determined from the Lauritzen-Hoffman treatment are sigma = 9.77 erg/cm(2) and sigma (e) = 155.48 erg/cm(2), respectively; and the work of chain folding is q = 33.14 kJ/mol. The nonisothermal crystallization kinetics of nylon 66 was analyzed by using the Mo method combined with the Avrami and Ozawa equations. The average Avrami exponent (n) over bar was determined to be 3.45. The activation energies (DeltaE) were determined to be -485.45 kJ/mol and -331.27 kJ/mol, respectively, for the isothermal and nonisothermal crystallization processes by the Arrhenius and the Kissinger methods.

Processible nanostructured materials with electrical conductivity and magnetic susceptibility: Preparation and properties of maghemite polyaniline nanocomposite films

We here present a versatile process for the preparation of maghemite/polyaniline (gamma-Fe2O3/ PAn) nanocomposite films with macroscopic processibility, electrical conductivity, and magnetic susceptibility. The gamma-Fe2O3 nanoparticles are coated and the PAn chains are doped by anionic surfactants of omega-methoxypoly(ethylene glycol) phosphate (PEOPA), 4-dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid (DBSA), and 10-camphorsulfonic acid (CSA). Both the coated gamma-Fe2O3 and the doped PAn are soluble in common organic solvents, and casting of the homogeneous solutions gives free-standing nanocomposite films with gamma-Fe2O3 contents up to similar to 50 wt %. The morphology of the gamma-Fe2O3 nanoparticles are characterized by transmission electron microscopy, UV-vis spectroscopy, and X-ray diffractometry. The gamma-Fe2O3/PAn films prepared from chloroform/m-cresol solutions of DBSA-coated gamma-Fe2O3 and CSA-doped PAn are conductive (sigma = 82-237 S/cm) and superpapamagnetic, exhibiting no hysteresis at room temperature. The zero-field-cooled magnetization experiment reveals that the nanocomposite containing 20.8 wt % gamma-Fe2O3 has a blocking temperature (T-b) in the temperature region of 63-83 K.

Studies on the interfacial adhesion between functionalized polypropylene and polyamide 1010

The interface behavior of polyamide 1010 (PA1010) and polypropylene (PP) was studied. In order to improve their interfacial adhesion, functional PP was prepared by means of grafting glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) on PP main chains and used instead of plain PP. Several technological characterizations were performed here on their interfaces. ESCA was used to confirm that some kind of reaction occurred between end groups of PA1010 and epoxy species of PP-g-GMA. The peel test was adopted to measure interfacial adhesion. It was found that the fracture energy of interfaces between PA1010 and PP-g-GMA was dramatically increased with the content of GMA. Their interfaces were observed as being blurred by using SEM and TEM and a crack that could be seen in the case of the interfaces of the PA1010 and the plain PP disappeared.

Crystal structure and drawing-induced polymorphism in poly(aryl ether ether ketone). IV

A new crystal modification induced by strain and denoted as form II exists alongside the dominant form I structure in the uniaxially oriented poly(ether ether ketone) (PEEK) and the related polymers. The crystal structure of form II for PEEK is also found to possess a two-chain orthorhombic packing with unit cell parameters of a equal to 0.475 nm, b equal to 1.060 nm, and c equal to 1.086 nm. More extended and flattened chain conformation of form II relative to that of form I is expected to account for an 8% increase in c-axis dimension, which is attributed to the extensional deformation fixed in situ through strain-induced crystallization during uniaxial drawing. Annealing experiments suggest that form II is thermodynamically metastable and can be transformed into more stable form I by chain relaxation and reorganization at elevated temperature without external tension. This strain-induced polymorphism exists universally in the poly(aryl ether ketone) family. (C) 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Detection of hydrazine, methylhydrazine and isoniazid by capillary electrophoresis with a 4-pyridyl hydroquinone self-assembled microdisk platinum electrode

Capillary electrophoresis (CE)/electrochemical detection (EC) for the simultaneous detection of hydrazine, methylhydrazine, and isoniazid has been developed with a 4-pyridyl hydroquinone self-assembled microdisk platinum electrode. Such an electrode has very high catalytic ability for hydrazines and they could be detected even at 0.0 V. The responses for hydrazine, methylhydrazine, and isoniazid are linear over 3 orders of detected concentration and of magnitude of 0.2-400 mu M, 0.2-400 mu M, 0.5 mu M-2 mM, with correlation coefficients of 0.9998, 0.9991, and 0.9982, respectively. And they could be detected to levels of 0.1, 0.1 and 0.2 mu M, respectively. This modified electrode was found to be very stable and reproducible when continuously used as detector for capillary electrophoresis for period of at least 4 weeks with no apparent loss of response. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

双盘工作电极参比电位采样快扫伏安方法

报道一种双铂盘工作电极、相应的毛细管参比电极和竖直式电化学池设计并用于快速循环伏安测量.双工作电极包括一个常规工作电极,一个辅助工作电极.后者在使用中接地,仅提供参比电位来控制工作电极的电位.参比毛细管尖端安设在接近辅助工作电极的位置上;用0.3mm直径Pt盘工作电极,在电位扫描速度高达10kV/s都可以得到类似于100%iR补偿的伏安曲线,而不必使用iR补偿电路.本文围绕高扫速伏安法中工作电极电位的准确控制问题做了一些初步的探讨.

多核Nd-Al双金属配合物对丁二烯的聚合 Ⅳ.烷基铝种类的影响

利用多核Ｎｄ－Ａｌ双金属配合物可单独引发双烯烃聚合的特点，考察了烷基铝种类对丁二烯加聚过程的影响，并与一般混合稀土催化体系进行了比较．烷基铝对活性体催化活性的影响与其用量有关，低ｎ（Ａｌ）／ｎ（Ｎｄ）值时，活性次序为：ＡｌＭｅ３，ＡｌＥｔ３，ＨＡｌＢｕｉ２＞Ａｌ（Ｃ８Ｈ１７）３＞ＡｌＢｕｉ３；高ｎ（Ａｌ）／ｎ（Ｎｄ）值时，活性次序相反：ＡｌＭｅ３，ＡｌＥｔ３，ＨＡｌＢｕｉ２＜Ａｌ（Ｃ８Ｈ１７）３＜ＡｌＢｕｉ３．烷基铝链转移作用强弱次序为：ＨＡｌＢｕｉ２≥ＡｌＥｔ３＞ＡｌＢｕｉ３＞ＡｌＭｅ３＞Ａｌ（Ｃ８Ｈ１７）３．根据聚丁二烯微观结构与其分子量的关系，可将烷基铝对聚丁二烯顺式含量的影响分为３类：（１）ＡｌＥｔ３和Ａｌ（Ｃ８Ｈ１７）３；（２）ＨＡｌ－Ｂｕｉ２和ＡｌＢｕｉ３；（３）ＡｌＭｅ３．所得结果有助于对稀土催化定向聚合过程的深入了解.