ATOMIC PHYSICS RESEARCHES AT COOLER STORAGE RING IN LANZHOU

The commissioning of the cooler storage rings (CSR) was successful, and the facility provides new possibilities for atomic physics with highly charged ions. Bare carbon, argon ions, were successfully stored in the main ring CSRm, cooled by cold electron beam, and accelerated up to 1 GeV/u. Heavier ions as Xe44+ and Kr28+ were also successfully stored in the CSRs. Both of the rings are equipped with new generation of electron coolers which can provide different electron beam density distributions. Electron-ion interactions, high precision X-ray spectroscopy, complete kinematical measurements for relativistic ion-atom collisions will be performed at CSRs. Laser cooling of heavy ions are planned as well. The physics programs and the present status will be summarized.

Experimental investigation of transfer ionization mechanism in slow He2+ -He collisions

The processes of transfer ionization in He2+ -He collisions at energies ranging from 20 to 40 keV have been studied experimentally by means of cold target recoil ions momentum spectroscopy. From the longitudinal momentum spectra of recoil ions, different mechanisms of transfer ionization have been obtained. The results show that one of the electrons of helium atom being captured into the ground state of projectile ion He2+ and the other one emitted to the continuum state of projectile or target are the dominant mechanisms of transfer ionization. The autoionization cross section of projectile after two-electron capture into a double excited state is small. Transfer ionization for one target electron capture into ground state and the other one into the continuum of projectile mainly occurs at large impact parameter collisions.

Two Electron Transfer and Stabilization in Slow O6+ and Rare-Gas Collisions

The stabilization ratios.. for double-electron transfer, i.e., the cross section ratios of true double capture to total double-electron transfer, are measured in O6++ He, Ne and Ar collisions at 6 keV/u. A high.. value about 68% is obtained for the He target, while for the Ar target, the.. value is only 8%. The high R value for the He target is due to the significant direct population of the (2l, nl') configurations with high n For the Ar target, the (quasi) symmetric configurations (3l, nl') lead to the much lower.. value. Neglecting the core effects, the O6+ ion can be taken as a bare ion C6+ except the occupied 1s shell, and then the measured R values are compared with previous experimental results of C6+ projectile ions at similar impact velocity. It yields good agreement with the Ne and Ar target, while the occupied 1s shell for the O6++ He system results in a higher R value than that in C6++He collisions.

Studies of K-shell x-ray energy shifts induced by MeV/u heavy ions

This paper reports that the K x-ray spectra of the thin target 47Ag, 48Cd, 49In and 50Sn were measured by an HPGe semi-conductor detector in collisions with 84.5 MeV 6C4+ ions. Our experiment revealed the Kα x-ray energy shifts were not obvious and the Kβ1 x-ray energy shifts were about 90∼110 eV. The simple model of Burch et al has been previously used to calculate the K x-ray energy shifts due to an additional vacancy in 2p orbit. The present work extends the model of Burch to calculate the x-ray energy shifts of multiple ionized atoms induced by heavy ions with kinetic energy of MeV/u. In addition to our experimental results, many other experimental results are compared with the calculated values by using the model.

Chitosan(Chitin)/Cellulose Composite Biosorbents Prepared Using Ionic Liquid for Heavy Metal Ions Adsorption

Chitosan(chitin)/cellulose composites as biodegradable biosorbents were prepared under an environment-friendly preparation processes using ionic liquids. Infrared and X-ray photoelectron spectra indicated the stronger intermolecular hydrogen bond between chitosan and cellulose, and the hydroxyl and amine groups were believed to be the metal ion binding sites. Among the prepared biosorbents, freeze-dried composite had higher adsorption capacity and better stability. The capacity of adsorption was found to be Cu(II) (0.417 mmol/g) > Zn(II) (0.303 mmol/g) > Cr(VI) (0.251 mmol/g) > Ni(II) (0.225 mmol/g) > Ph(II) (0.127 mmol/g) at the same initial concentration 5 mmol L-1. In contrast to some other chitosan-type biosorbents, preparation and component of the biosorbent were obviously more environment friendly. Moreover, adsorption capacity of chitosan in the blending biosorbent could be fully shown.

Adsorption of heavy rare earth(III) with extraction resin containing bis(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl) monothiophosphinic acid

In the present paper, the adsorption of thulium(Ill) from chloride medium on an extraction resin containing bis(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl) monothiophosphinic acid (CL302, HL) has been studied. The results show that 1.5 h is enough for the adsorption equilibrium. The distribution coefficients are determined as a function of the acidity of the aqueous phase and the data are analyzed both graphically and numerically. The plots of log D versus pH give a straight line with a slope of about 3, indicating that 3 protons are released in the adsorption reaction of thulium(III). The content of Cyanex302 in the resin is determined to be 48.21%. The total amount of Tm3+ adsorbed up to resin saturation is determined to be 82.46 mg Tm3+/g resin. Therefore, the sorption reactions of Tm3+ from chloride medium with CL302 can be described as: Tm3+ + 3HL((r)) <----> TmL3(r) + 3H(+) The Freundlich's isothermal adsorption equation is also determined as: log Q = 0.73 log C + 3.05 The amounts (Q) of Tm3+ adsorbed with the resin have been studied at different temperatures (15-40degreesC) at fixed concentrations of Tm3+, amounts of extraction resin, ion strength and acidities in the aqueous phase.

Extraction and separation of heavy rare earth (III) with Extraction Resin containing di(2,4,4-trimethyl pentyl) phosphinic acid (Cyanex 272)

Extraction resins, of the type of;levextrel, (which is a collective term for styrene/divinylbenzene based copolymers of predominantly macroporous structure that contain a selective extractant) are important for the recovery and separation of metal ions, as they combine features of solvent extraction and ion exchange resins. This paper presents the results of the adsorption of heavy rare earth ions (Ho(III), Er(III), Tm(III), Yb(III), Lu(III) and Y(III)) from hydrochloric acid solutions at 0.2 mol/L ionic strength and 50 degrees C by the extraction resin containing di (2,4,4-trimethyl pentyl) phosphinic acid (Cyanex 272) and the chromatographic separation of (Er(III), Tm(III) and Yb(III)). Technological separation products, with purity and yield of Tm2O3 >99.97%, >80%, Er2O3 >99.9%, >94% and Yb2O3 >99.8%, >80% respectively, have been obtained from a feed having the composition Tm2O3 60%, Er2O3 10%, and Yb2O3 3%, the others 27%. The distribution coefficients, extraction equilibrium constants and separation factors have been determined as a function of acidity, loading of the resin and rare earths, flow rates and column ratios. The resolutions and efficiencies of separation of Er/Tm/Yb each other have been calculated. The stoichiometry of the extraction of rare earth ions has been suggested as well.

Effect of heavy metals (Cd, Cu) on the gametophytes of Laminaria japonica Aresch

Effects of various concentrations of two heavy metals, namely Cd and Cu, on gametophytes of Laminaria japonica Aresch were determined by recording morphological changes of gametophytes, determining pH values and the heavy metal content of the culture solution, calculating the germination rate of sporophytes, and observing heavy metal (Cd) distribution using a fluorescence microscope. The results showed that heavy metals damaged the gametophytes, and were even lethal, and that the higher the concentration of heavy metal ions, the greater the injury to gametophytes. Gametophytes could not survive in culture solutions containing more than 100 mg/L Cd and 50 mg/L Cu and were only able to survive in culture solution containing a mixture of Cd and Cu tip to a concentration of 10 mg/L, which indicates that gametophytes have a higher tolerance to Cd than Cu and that multiple heavy metal ions in solution markedly aggravate the damage to gametophytes compared with individual heavy metal ions. With increases in the concentration of the heavy metal, the burgeoning rate of sporophytes decreased acutely, and solutions containing multiple heavy metal ions caused even more marked harm to sporophytes than solutions containing a single heavy metal ion, because most sporophytes died in mixed solutions. The pH value of the culture medium dropped immediately at the beginning (the first day) of treatment, increased over the following days, and then decreased again. The pH of culture media containing multiple heavy metal ions showed greater variation than media containing a single heavy metal ion, with the extent of the decrease in pH of culture media containing multiple ions being greatest during the last period of the experiment. With increases in the concentration of heavy metals, the capacity of gametophytes to accumulate these ions increased. The blue fluorescent light emitted by the Cd- and Cd-binding protein complex existing in gametophytes in media containing different concentrations of Cd showed clearly the distribution of the ion in gametophytes and the results obtained were consistent with distribution determined using other methods. All results of the present study showed that gametophytes of L. japonica play a remarkable role as heavy metal decontaminators, especially with regard to Cd.