稀土氧氯化物在冰晶石氧化铝熔体中的溶解度

用等温饱和法测定了单一稀土氧氯化镧 (LaOCl)和混合稀土氧氯化物 (REOCl)在冰晶石 (Na3AlF6 ) 氧化铝 (Al2 O3)熔体中的溶解度。结果表明 :LaOCl和REOCl的溶解度变化规律一致 ,即其溶解度随温度升高而增大 ;随着冰晶石分子比增加而增大 ;当有 4 0 % (质量分数 )Al2 O3存在时 ,其溶解度相应减少。

Positive- and negative-ion matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry of saccharides

Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry (MS) of oligosaccharides and polysaccharides has been investigated in detail, It is demonstrated that cationized species of oligosaccharides, [M+Na](+) and [M+K](+), are dominant products under the MALDI condition, and negative ions of oligosaccharides are not formed to any significant extent in this process, The molecular masses of polysaccharides are similarly determined by positive- and negative-ion MALDI-MS with the help of column chromatography. The distinction between positive- and negative-ion MALDI mass spectra of oligo-and polysaccharides indicates that the MALDI processes for saccharides vary with molecular mass. The matrix plays a more important role in the ionization process for oligosaccharides, while in the desorption process for polysaccharides. (C) 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Liquid chromatography amperometric detection of nitrite using a polypyrrole modified glassy carbon electrode doped with tungstodiphosphate anion

Chromatography-amperometric detection of nitrite with a polypyrrole modified glassy carbon electrode doped with tungstodiphosphate anion (Dawson-type P2W18O626-/PPy/GC electrode) based on its electrocatalytic reduction of nitrite is described. The cyclic and hydrodynamic voltammetry of nitrite at the P2W18O626-/PPy/GC electrode was studied. The factors affecting the detection of nitrite and the analytical performance of the modified electrode in flowing stream were investigated. The results show that the modified electrode has a good sensitivity (the limit of detection is 1 mu mol dm(-3)) and a satisfactory reproducibility (RSD = 3.78%, N = 21). The modified electrode was used in the chromatographic detection of nitrite spiked in the liquid from a tin of mushrooms and the mineralized spring water. It was found that the modified electrode exhibited good selectivity for nitrite.

The phase transitions of hetero atoms substituted molecular sieves Me-VPI-5(Me=Mg, Ti, Sn, Si) and their influence on spectra structures of Eu(III) ion

The hetero atom substituted aluminophosphate molecular sieves Me-VPI-5(Me = Mgt Ti, Sn, Si) were synthesized hydrothermally. Rare earth ions are originally doped into these microporous materials by aqueous solution ion exchange procedures. The phase transitions of the microporous materials are investigated by high-temperature and high-pressure experimental techniques. The influence of the phase transitions on the rare earth ions' spectral structures is discussed, With the increase of temperature, Eu(II)Mg-VPI-5 is converted into Eu(II)Mg-AIPO(4)-8, then into tridymite phase. The pressure has a notable influence on Eu(II) ion's spectral structures. The spectral structures have changed regularly with the increase of pressure.

杂原子Me－VPI－5（Me＝Mg，Ti，Sn，Si）相转变及其对Eu（Ⅲ）光谱结构的研究

用水热同晶置换法合成了杂原子磷酸铝分子筛Ｍｅ－ＶＰＩ－５（Ｍｅ＝Ｍｇ，Ｔｉ，Ｓｎ，Ｓｉ）．通过水相离子交换法掺杂稀土离子，考察了高温和高压下的相变行为．讨论了相变过程对稀土离子光谱的影响．随着温度升高，Ｅｕ（Ⅲ）Ｍｇ－ＶＰＩ－５先转变为Ｅｕ（Ⅲ）－ＡｌＰＯ４－８，然后又转变成致密的磷石英相．压力对Ｅｕ（Ⅲ）光谱结构具有显著影响．随着压力增加，Ｅｕ（Ⅲ）光谱结构发生规律性变化．

冠醚的空腔及其与希土硝酸盐配合物结构的关系

本文计算了五十多种希土硝酸盐冠醚配合物中冠醚的空腔直径Ｄｃ及希土离子直径（Ｄｉ）与Ｄｃ之比值（Ｄｉ／Ｄｃ）．冠醚的空腔受许多因素影响．诸如希土元素的离子半径，希土离子与冠醚之间的结合力，冠醚环上的取代基等．Ｄｉ／Ｄｃ数值所处的范围与所形成的配合物结构类型密切相关，遵循下列四个近似规则：（１）如Ｄｉ／Ｄｃ＞１．４，所形成的配合物结构中三个阴离子占据冠醚的同一侧（结构类型Ⅰ）；（２）若０．８＜Ｄｉ／Ｄｃ＜０．９，配合物中金属离子被包围在冠醚空腔中．三个阴离子占据冠醚环的两侧（结构类型Ⅱ）；（３）如Ｄｉ／Ｄｃ＜１．４，配合物一般为结构类型Ⅲ，在某些情况下也可为结构类型Ⅳ，它由几个配位阴离子及一个多硝酸根配阴离子形成．

STUDIES ON OLEFIN-COORDINATING TRANSITION-METAL CARBENE COMPLEXES .20. SYNTHESIS OF 1,3-CYCLOHEXADIENE(DICARBONYL) [ETHOXY(ARYL)-CARBENE]IRON COMPLEXES AND THEIR PHOSPHINE ADDUCTS - CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE OF C6H8(CO)2FEC(OC2H5)C6H4CH3-O

Reaction of 1,3-cyclohexadiene(tricarbonyl)iron (1) with ortho-substituted aryllithium reagents ArLi (Ar=o-CH3C6H4, o-CH3OC6H4, o-CF3C6H4) in ether at low temperature, and subsequent alkylation of the acylmetalates formed with Et3OBF4 in aqueous solution at 0-degrees-C or in CH2Cl2 at -60-degrees-C gave the 1,3-cyclohexadiene(dicarbonyl)[ethoxy(aryl)carbene]iron complexes (eta4-C6H8)(CO)2FeC(OC2H5)Ar (3, Ar = o-CH3C6H4; 4, Ar = o-CH3OC6H4), and the isomerized product (eta3-C6H8)(CO)2FeC(OC2H5)C6H4CF3-o (5), respectively, among which the structure of 3 has been established by an X-ray diffraction study. Complex 3 is monoclinic, space group P2(1) with a = 8.118(4), b = 7.367(4), c = 14.002(6) angstrom, beta = 104.09(3)-degrees, V = 812.2(6) angstrom3, Z = 2, D(c) = 1.39 g cm-3, R = 0.056, and R(w) = 0.062 for 976 observed reflections. Complexes 3 and 5 were converted into the chelated allyliron phosphine adducts(eta3-C6H8)(CO)2(PR31)FeC(OC2H5)Ar (6, Ar = o-CH3C6H4, R1 = Ph; 7, Ar = o-CH3C6H4, R1 = OPh; 9, Ar = o-CF3C6H4, R1 = Ph), by reaction with phosphines in petroleum ether at low temperatures.

控制气氛光谱法测定纯氧化钬中14个稀土杂质元素

本文介绍的是:使溶液干渣样品在Ar/O_2气氛中交流电弧激发,以基体钬为内标,测定高纯氧化钬中微量稀土杂质。其被测元素的测定下限是:铕、镱和钇各为0.0004％,镧、钐、铒,镝和铥各为0.0016％,铈、钕、钆和铽各为0.0031％,镨和镥各为0.0063％,相对标准偏差均小于7.1％。

A serpin from Chinese shrimp Fenneropenaeus chinensis is responsive to bacteria and WSSV challenge

Arthropod defence responses (e.g. prophenoloxidase (proPO) activation and Toll pathway initiation) are mediated by serine proteinase cascades and regulated by serpins in haemolymph. A serpin (Fc-serpin) cDNA was cloned from the haemocytes of Fenneropenaeus chinensis by rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) PCR and haemocyte cDNA library screening. The full-length cDNA consists of 1734 bp, encoding 411 amino acids with a calculated molecular mass of 46.55 kDa and a theoretical isoelectric point of 7.70. Fc-serpin contains a typical serpin-like homologue (serine proteinase inhibitors domain). The deduced protein contains a putative signal peptide of 19 amino acids and the serpin's signature sequence ((FHCNRPFLFLI389)-F-379). Fc-serpin showed some identity with Pacifastacus leniusculus serpin (42%) and Manduca sexta serpin-6 (34%). The reactive centre loop (RCL) sequences of Fc-serpin, P leniusculus serpin, M. sexta serpin-6 and Bombyx mori serpin-2 are highly similar. An Arg at the PI position of the reactive site indicates that Fc-serpin may have inhibitory activity against prophenoloxidase activating proteinase (PAP) and clotting enzyme. Transcripts of Fc-serpin mRNA were mainly detected in haemocytes and the lymphoid organ by RT-PCR. The variation of the mRNA transcription level in haemocytes followed by artificial infection with bacteria OF white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) was quantified by SYBR Green real-time PCR analysis. Expression profiles of Fc-serpin greatly fluctuated after challenge. This work represents the first report Of a serpin in penaeid shrimp. The data provide clues that Fc-serpin might play potential roles in the innate immunity of shrimp. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

The cDNA cloning and mRNA expression of heat shock protein 70 gene in the haemocytes of bay scallop (Argopecten irradians, Lamarck 1819) responding to bacteria challenge and naphthalin stress

Heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) is an important member of the heat shock protein superfamily, and it plays a key role in the process of protecting cells, facilitating the folding of nascent peptides and responding to stress. The cDNA of bay scallop Argopecten irradians HSP70 (designated AIHSP70) was cloned by the techniques of homological cloning and rapid amplification of cDNA end (RACE). The full length of AIHSP70 cDNA was 2651 bp in length, having a 5' untranslated region (UTR) of 96 bp, a 3' UTR of 575 bp, and an open reading frame (ORF) of 1980 bp encoding a polypeptide of 659 amino acids with an estimated molecular mass of 71.80 kDa and an estimated isoelectric point of 5.26. BLAST analysis revealed that the AIHSP70 gene shared high identity with other known HSP70 genes. Three classical HSP signature motifs were detected in AIHSP70 by InterPro, analysis. 3-D structural prediction of AIHSP70 showed that its N terminal ATPase activity domain and,C terminal substrate-binding domain shared high similarity with that in human heat shock protein 70. The results indicated that the AIHSP70 was a member of the heat shock protein 70 family. A semi-quantitive RT-PCR method was used to analyse the expression of AIHSP70 gene after the treatment of naphthalin which is one kind of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) and the challenge of bacteria. mRNA expression of AIHSP70 in scallop was up-regulated significantly after the stimulation of naphthalin and increased with increasing naphthalin concentration. A clearly time-dependent expression pattern of AIHSP70 was observed after the scallops were infected by Vibrio anguillarum, and the mRNA expression reached a maximum level at 8 h and lasted to 16 h, and then dropped progressively. The results indicated that AIHSP70 could play an important role in mediating the environmental stress and immune response in scallop. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Wave parameters retrieved from QuikSCAT data

A new algorithm is proposed to estimate significant wave height from QuikSCAT scatterometer data. The results show that the relationship between wave parameters and the radar backscattering cross section is similar to that between wind and the radar backscattering cross section. Therefore, the relationship between significant wave height and the radar backscattering cross section is established with a neural network algorithm. If the average wave period is less than or equal to 7 s, the root mean square errors of the significant wave height retrieved from QuikSCAT data are 0.58 m for HH polarization (HH-pol) and 0.60 m for VV polarization (VV-pol). If the average wave period is greater than 7 s, the root mean square errors of the significant wave height retrieved from QuikSCAT data are 0.83 m (HH-pol) and 1.10 m (VV-pol), respectively.

潮间带纤毛虫原生动物和小型底栖动物生态学研究

微型和小型底栖动物是底栖微/小食物网的重要构成。相对浮游生态系统, 迄今国际间对底栖食物网的认知极为欠缺。这一方面是由于微型生物形态和功能上的复杂性和多样性, 另一方面原因在于研究方法的障碍—主要是微型和小型底栖动物的定量提取和定性分析。本研究首先进行了方法学改良, 并应用新方法对底栖微食物网的重要功能类群—纤毛虫原生动物和小型底栖动物进行了不同生境的周年按月采样, 定性及定量研究的同时, 联系环境因子对微型和小型底栖生物的环境监测进行了探讨。 微型和小型底栖生物的定量研究首先涉及到目标生物在沉积物中的有效提取, 目前硅胶液提取是普遍使用的方法, 其中Ludox液主要应用于小型生物, 它不但价格便宜而且比重合适, 因此在常规生态研究中被广为接受。不过, Ludox易与于海水中的阳离子产生凝结而无法直接用于微型生物; 目前唯一直接应用于微型生物提取的是Percoll硅胶液, 但其昂贵的价格使其在常规生态研究中受到极大限制。本研究以价格低廉的Ludox 硅胶液结合定量蛋白银染色 (QPS) 技术开发了一种新的方法, 即Ludox-QPS法。主要流程为: 样品采集与固定、淘洗/稀释降盐、Ludox密度梯度离心、过滤浓缩和琼脂包埋, QPS染色、永久封片及鉴定计数。添加已知数量的纤毛虫至无生物底泥的重获实验表明, 该密度梯度离心的提取率大于94%; 该方法对自然沉积物中纤毛虫的提取率达97.6%, 对沙质、泥沙质和泥质中海洋线虫的提取率分别达97%、96.9% 和97.8%。对比实验表明, 经QPS制片获得的小型动物的丰度和类群数量与传统方法相当或更高, 尤其当小个体虫体占优势时, 该法显示出较传统方法 (导致数量低估) 更为明显的定量优越性。该方法除用于纤毛虫和小型动物的定量分析外, 还具有较高的分类分辨率, 染色后的纤毛虫原生动物大多类群可鉴定到属, 部分可鉴定到种, 以此可在群落水平上研究其生态作用。 根据新开发的Ludox-QPS技术, 在大沽河潮间带依据盐度梯度选定2个站位 (IIQ和营海) 进行了周年按月采样, 对底栖纤毛虫和小型底栖动物进行了定量研究。纤毛虫原生动物在IIQ和营海的年平均丰度分别为2236 inds./10 cm2 和935 inds./10 cm2 (28 inds./ml 和12 inds./ml), 平均生物量分别为119.1 gC/10 cm2和54.2 gC/10 cm2 (1.5 gC /ml 0.7 gC/ml)。丰度的季节变化趋势为: 春天 > 秋天 > 夏天 > 冬天。垂直分布上, 在营海分布于表层0-0.5 cm 的比例为57.1%, 分布于0.5-2 cm、2-4 cm和4-8 cm比例分别为23.1%、11.4% 和8.5%; 13个月中除12月份外, 4-8 cm均有一定数量的纤毛虫分布; 而在IIQ, 97% 的纤毛虫分布在0-0.5 cm, 分布在0.5-2 cm、2-4 cm和4-8 cm比例分别为2.4%、0.4%和0.2%, 4-8 cm的分布只发生在春季和秋季。纤毛虫的多样性季节变化明显, 春秋季物种丰富, 两个站点每毫升沉积物的平均物种数分别为18和6。Two-Way Crossed ANOSIM 分析表明纤毛虫群落在月份间和站点间的差异极其显著。Pseudochilodonopsis sp., Chilodontopsis sp., Euplotes sp.及Prorodon sp.是表征两个生镜中纤毛虫群落的主要类群。 同时, 发现了14个小型生物类群, 其中线虫在IIQ和营海的丰度优势度分别为97.4% 和78.6%。小型动物在IIQ和营海的年平均丰度分别为4793 inds./10 cm2和8915 inds./10 cm2 (60 inds./ml和111 inds./ml), 其生物量分别为1068.8 gC /10 cm2和1790 gC /10 cm2 (13.4 gC/ml和22.4 gC/ml)。小型底栖动物的丰度在IIQ的季节变化为: 夏季 (7888 inds./10cm2) > 秋季 (5447 inds./10cm2) > 春季 (3731 inds./10cm2) > 冬季 (2780 inds./10cm2); 在营海则完全相反: 冬季 (15579 inds./10cm2) > 春季 (10691 inds./10cm2) > 秋季 (6611 inds./10cm2) > 夏季 (4667 inds./10cm2)。小型底栖动物和纤毛虫的相对重要性存在明显的区域和季节差异。 纤毛虫原生动物、小型动物及环境因子的相关分析表明, 纤毛虫的丰度和多样性与温度和盐度及有机质含量显著相关, 与小型动物没有显著相关性; 群落结构分析表明, 温度、有机质和小型动物的丰度的组合与纤毛虫群落丰度的相关系数为0.345; 盐度、脱镁叶绿素、有机质和小型动物生物量的组合与纤毛虫群落多样性的相关系数为0.403。依据海洋线虫和桡足类的比值 (N/C) 推测, IIQ 可能存在严重的有机污染, 营海则存在明显的季节波动, 8月和9月及2月可能是污染最严重的季节, 这种状况在纤毛虫群落结构的CLUSTER聚类中得到验证。虽然目前尚没有形成有关微型底栖生物-纤毛虫原生动物的污染检测的直接依据, 但本研究说明纤毛虫群落的确对环境污染具有一定的感应度, 而且这种感应和利用小型生物的主要类群估算的污染检测 (N/C) 存在一定程度的关联。 90年代早期有关青岛湾有机污染带的研究表明, 经彻底截污后, 其环境状况向良性发展。进一步了解该湾的健康状况, 2006.5-2007.5月对该湾沙质和泥沙质的小型动物进行周年按月采样。小型动物在泥沙质和砂质沉积物中的年平均丰度分别为4853 ± 1292 inds./10 cm2和1528 ± 569 inds./10 cm2; 年平均总生物量分别为1434.1 ± 897.0 gC /10cm2和720.7 ± 353.8 gC/10cm2。沙质底小型生物的丰度季节波动明显, 6月份和12月份最高, 3月份和9月份最低; 泥沙质季节波动不明显, 6月份最高。两个站点均有48%的小型动物分布在0-0.5 cm 表层, 海洋线虫在表层的分布比例分别为48% (泥沙质) 和34% (砂质)。共检获14个小型动物类群, 其中线虫在泥沙质和砂质沉积物中的年平均丰度分别4619 ± 1255 inds./10cm2和1014 ± 376 inds./10cm2, 其丰度优势度分别为95.2%和66.4%。其它在丰度上占优势的类群, 泥沙质依次为多毛类 (1.5%)、甲壳幼体 (1.5%) 和桡足类 (0.7%); 沙质依次为: 甲壳类幼体 (12.6%)、腹毛类 (8.3%) 和 桡足类 (6.2%)。CLUSTER聚类分析表明, 泥沙质和和砂质中小型生物的丰度组成具有64%的相似性。BIOENV分析表明, 温度、盐度、中值粒径和粘土粉砂含量的组合最能解释不同月份之间和不同站位间的差异, 其相关系数为0.614。依据小型生物的丰度和类群组成, 表明泥沙质底尚存一定的有机污染。

中国对虾育种方法研究与遗传连锁图谱的构建

本研究以中国对虾为材料，以杂交育种和选择育种为目标，进行了系统的中国对虾杂交育种试验、生长性状遗传参数试验及其分子遗传连锁图谱的构建工作。结果表明以不同地理群体杂交作为基础群体，然后采用系统的选择育种方法可以获得较好的选择效果。构建的遗传连锁图谱为中国对虾分子辅助育种提供一定的基础。这些试验结果为中国对虾合理系统的育种工作提供了理论基础和数据支持。其具体结果如下： 1. 试验对中国对虾黄渤海水域乳山湾群体（WYP）和朝鲜半岛南海群体（WKN）的2个群体及其杂交后代不同月龄生长情况和存活率进行了研究，测量体长（TL）、头胸甲长（CL）、头胸甲宽（CW）、第2、3腹节高（HST）、第2、3腹节宽（WST）、体重（BW）和存活率共7个性状，计算各项指标的杂种优势率，并对各性状进行了方差分析和多重比较。其3月龄生长情况和存活率研究结果表明，存活率在乳山湾群体（WYP♀）× 朝鲜半岛南海群体（WKN♂）杂交后代出现杂种劣势外，其他指标都表现出不同程度的杂种优势(4.37%～23.96% )。除了存活率外，杂交后代生长性状均显著高于亲本，乳山湾群体（WYP♀）×朝鲜半岛南海群体（WKN♂）杂交后代高于朝鲜半岛南海群体（WKN♀）× 乳山湾群体（WYP♂）杂交后代，黄渤海水域乳山湾群体高于朝鲜半岛南海群体后代。为确定测量性状与中国对虾体重的相关程度，建立了用体长(X1)，头胸甲宽(X2)，第2、3腹节宽(X3)，头胸甲长(X4)，第2、3腹节高(X5)估计体重的多元回归方程：Y = －2.056 + 0.03X1 + 0.076X2 + 0.078X3 + 0.033X4 + 0.043X5。 2. 中国对虾黄渤海水域乳山湾群体（WYP）和朝鲜半岛南海群体（WKN）2个群体及其杂交后代在4月龄时期的6个生长指标和存活率的杂种优势范围在0.514%到14.95%之间，WYP♀×WKN♂杂交后代在这7个指标中都高于WKN♀×WYP♂杂交后代。5月龄杂交后代也表现出一定程度的杂种优势，其范围在-9.000%～19.090%之间，但头胸甲长、第2、3腹节处高和存活率3个指标出现杂种劣势。不同杂交组合各个阶段生长发育情况和存活率在杂种优势表现出一定的规律。随着月龄的增加，WKN♀×WYP♂杂交后代杂种优势率有所增加，而WYP♀×WKN♂杂交后代的却有所降低。ANOVA分析结果表明，杂交后代在存活率方面与双亲差异不显著。4月龄的分析结果发现杂交后代在WST和BW这2个指标上存在显著差异。LSD多重比较结果显示，WYP♀×WKN♂杂交后代在BW指标上与亲本存在显著差异，在WST指标方面与其他3个组合的后代差异显著。5月龄的数据分析结果发现，杂交后代除体重存在显著差异外，其他各项指标差异均不显著。LSD多重比较结果发现，WKN♀×WYP♂杂交后代体重与其亲本WKN存在显著差异。 3. 对2个野生群体——朝鲜半岛南海岸群体（WKN）和黄渤海群体（WYP）和3个养殖群体——朝鲜半岛群体的养殖一代（FKN），黄海1号（HH1）和即抗98（JK98）进行杂交试验的研究，结果表明JK98 (♀)  WKN (♂)组合在存活率方面最高，其余的依次为WYP (♀) WKN (♂)，WKN (♀) WYP (♂)，FKN (♀)HH1 (♂) 和 WYP (♀) FKN (♂)。而在体重方面FKN(♀)  HH1(♂)组合最高，其余的依次为WKN (♀) WYP (♂)，WYP (♀) WKN (♂)，WYP (♀)FKN (♂) 和 JK98 (♀)WKN (♂)。在所有生长性状方面，JK98 (♀)  WKN (♂)在5个组合中是最低的。方差检测结果表明，TL、CL、HST、LL和BW这5个指标在不同组合间存在差异，而其他指标不存在差异。多重比较结果发现JK98 (♀)WKN (♂)组合的TL与其他组合间差异极显著，HST指标与WKN (♀) WYP (♂)，FKN(♀)  HH1(♂)和 WYP (♀)  WKN (♂)这3个组合差异显著，BW指标与WKN (♀) WYP (♂) 和 FKN(♀)  HH1(♂)差异显著。 4. 通过人工授精的方法建立了中国对虾21个半同胞家系，测量了中国对虾21个半同胞（46个全同胞）家系的TL、CL、CW、HST、WST、第1腹节长（FL）、第6腹节长（LL）。利用MTDFREML软件得到生长性状遗传力在0.15~0.35之间，属于中度遗传力范围。TL的遗传力为0.34±0.071，CL的为0.30±0.070，CW为0.35±0.077，WST为0.33±0.073，HST为0.33±0.073，FL的最低为0.15±0.044，LL的为0.24±0.059。各个性状间表现出高的正相关，其中CW和TL以及HST的遗传相关最大，FL和WST的遗传相关最小。 通过以上杂交育种和选择育种的研究，认为单纯的依靠杂交育种来改善中国对虾的育种工作可能具有一定的局限性。所以在实际的育种过程中，以中国对虾不同群体的杂交后代作为基础群体，并以此为基础进行系统的选择育种应该具有更大的潜力。 5. 本试验利用中国对虾F2群体和AFLP分子标记技术进行了遗传连锁图谱的构建。利用55对AFLP引物组合对F2家系的110个个体进行了研究，结果检测到532个符合作图策略的AFLP标记。利用卡方检验检测分离位点是否符合孟德尔分离定律。对于符合3：1比例的分离位点利用F2自交模型构建性别平均连锁图谱，对于符合1：1比例的分离位点利用拟测交理论分别构建中国对虾的雌性和雄性遗传连锁图谱。雌性、雄性和性别平均遗传图谱分别有28、35和44个连锁群，图谱实际长度分别为1090、1617和1772.1 cM。中国对虾遗传连锁图谱估计基因组长度为2420 cM，符合与人类基因组相比的对虾类基因组长度。中国对虾雄性遗传连锁图谱比雌性遗传连锁图谱长32.6%，这可能说明中国对虾不同性别存在不同的重组率。通过皮尔逊相关系数检测认为AFLP标记在中国对虾图谱上分布均匀。本文利用AFLP标记构建的中国对虾遗传连锁图谱为中国对虾基因组研究和遗传改良提供一定的基础，同时也应该开发微卫星等共显性标记，为遗传连锁图谱的整合提供条件。

Fluorescence Characterization of Dissolved Organic Matter in East China Sea

Sea water samples were collected in the East China Sea in March and April, 2005, and three-dimensional fluorescence of dissolved organic matter was measured by fluorescence excitation-emission matrix spectroscopy. The position, number and intensity of fluorescence peak in the spectra and the relations of the peaks were analyzed to determine the type, distribution and origin of the fluorescence dissolved organic matter. Seven types of fluorescence peaks were detected from the samples. There are protein-like fluorescence peaks B with Ex(max)/Em(max) = 275/300 nm, D with Ex(max)/Em(max) = 225/295-305 nm, T with Ex(max)/Em(max) = 280/345 nm, and S with Ex(max)/Em(max) = 225-240/320-350 nm, two humic-like peaks A with Ex(max)/Em(max) = 250-255/410-455 nm and C 335-345/410-440 ran, and marine humic peak M with Ex(max)/Em(max) = 305 nm/400-420 nm. Peaks B, S and A appeared in all surveyed area. Peaks T and D appeared in the north of the surveyed area. Peaks M and C only appeared in a few stations. In the surface layer, the source of the fluorescence dissolved organic matter might be the fresh water outflow of the Yangtze River, while the fluorescence dissolved organic matter in the middle layer had double sources from the Yangtze River and the phytoplankton. The good correlationships of different fluorescence peaks showed the same source or some relationship between the protein-like and the humic-like fluorescence dissolved organic matter.