344 resultados para Mn:YAP


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在地球环境的界面及其附近,发生着重要的物理、化学和生物反应,进行着频繁的物质交换和输送。研究和认识环境界面的地球化学过程对揭示环境演化、评价环境净化、认识成矿机理均具重要的科学意义。Fe、Mn是地表水环境中两个丰度最大的微量营养元素,也是典型的氧化还原敏感性元素,因其氧化物的吸附特性而对其它微量元素的地球化学行为有着显著的控制作用。因此,Fe、Mn地球化学的研究历来是水环境领域中令人瞩目的一个焦点。地表水环境中Fe、Mn的研究始于海底锰结核的发现及其成因问题的探讨,而Fe、Mn在湖泊研究中受到重视则始于湖泊富营养化问题的出现。二次大战使湖泊Fe、Mn的研究一度中断,直到七十年代因水资源短缺和水环境污染问题的出现才使这一研究重新受到重视,并于近十年得到迅速发展在采样技术、分析方法、Fe、Mn的形态、氧化还原作用、早期成岩作用以及地球化学循环机理的研究上取得了一系列重要的进展。其中以英国Davison的工作最引人注目。一般认为,Fe、Mn在湖泊中的行为受氧化还原边界层的控制。但是,由于研究方法的局限,缺乏将湖水和沉积物作为一个整体的系统研究。尤其是未能对沉积物-水界面及其附近Fe、Mn的行为开展细致的工作,因此在Fe、Mn循环机理的认识上尚存许多疑点。有鉴于此,本项研究着重探讨沉积物-水界面及其附近Fe、Mn的地球化学行为和特征。利用自制的湖泊沉积物和孔隙水取样装置,分别于春秋两季在红枫湖按垂直剖面采集湖水、界面水、孔隙水和沉积物样。采用滤膜技术作湖水、界面水和孔隙水Fe、Mn的形态分析,并作沉积物Fe、Fe~(3+)、Fe~(2+)、Mn、S和孔隙水P、HCO_(3~-)、SO_4~(2-)、NO_(3~-)等项目的分析,完成湖水、界面水的水化学全分析和沉积物的X-射线衍射分析。从而获得以下结果和认识:1.形态。湖水中Fe、Mn均呈微粒态;界面水中Fe呈微粒态,Mn则以微粒态为主,尚有部分离子态;孔隙水中Fe以离子态为主,存在部分胶体态,Mn则以离子态存在。2.特征剖面。春秋季湖水中距沉积物-水界面5m以上,Fe、Mn分布均一,5m以下,Fe、Mn均向界面递增10倍左右;界面水中,Fe、Mn继续向界面递增,但Fe在距界面10cm左右向界面略有递减,同时,在距界面20cm高度Fe的溶解态出现峰值分布,而Mn的溶解态则向界面递增;孔隙水中Fe、Mn均呈峰值分布,并均于12cm深度以下趋于稳定,其中Mn峰位于3cm深度,Fe峰则位下去8cm深度,Fe在10cm深度还存在一谷值分布;沉积物中Fe于7cm深度含量略呈下降趋势,Mn则在界面出现高值,并于0.5cm深度含理突降。3.界面通量。Fe在界面的沉降通量为10.9mg.cm~(-2)a~(-1),扩散通量为-0.24mg.cm~(-2)a~(-1),净重通量则为10.7mg.cm~(-2)a~(-1),扩散量只有沉降通量的2%;Mn在界面的沉降通量为0.203mg.cm~(-2)a~(-1),扩散通量为-0.062mg.cm~(-2)a~(-1),净通量则为0.141mg.cm~(-2)a~(-1),扩散通量占沉降通量的30%。Fe、Mn在界面的平流通量均可忽略不计。4.氧化还原作用。Fe、Mn在沉积物中按氧化电位的高低先后充当有机质分解的主要氧化剂,发生还原溶解,然后经扩散作用重新进入湖水中,并在氧化过程的作用下于界面附近形成微粒态Fe、Mn的富集。5.平衡矿物。沉积物孔隙水中Fe(II)的平衡矿物在8-12cm深度范围内为单硫铁矿(FeS)和黄铁矿(FeS_2),12cm深度以下为菱铁矿(FeCO_3);Mn(II)的平衡矿物则为菱锰矿(MnCO_3)。6.界面循环机理。在湖泊中Fe、Mn循环均受沉积物-水界面的控制围绕界面进行,循环过程由还原、扩散、氧化和沉降四个环节组成,其中Mn循环就在界面附近,而Fe循环则深入沉积物内部。Mn的界面循环相当激烈,Fe则较为缓和。Fe、Mn界面循环的结果使界面附近的湖水和沉积物中出现Fe、Mn的富集,其中Fe的富集程度 相对较小,Mn则非常显著。7.环境效应。Mn的界面循环可能导致~(210)Po的沉积后再迁移,而~(210)Pb的沉积后再迁移则可能与Fe的界面循环有关;Fe、Mn界面循环所形成的富集层对湖泊水库的水质构成严重的潜在威胁;根据Fe、Mn的还原优势作用带可以确定湖泊沉积物的氧化还原环境。

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The catalytic performances of Mn-based catalysts have been investigated for the oxidative dehydrogenation of both ethane (ODE) and propane (ODP). The results show that a LiCl/MnOx/PC (Portland cement) catalyst has an excellent catalytic performance for oxidative dehydrogenation of both ethane and propane to ethylene and propylene, more than 60% alkanes conversion and more than 80% olefins selectivity could be achieved at 650 degrees C. In addition, the results indicate that Mn-based catalysts belong to p-type semiconductors, the electrical conductivity of which is the main factor in influencing the olefins selectivity. Lithium, chlorine and PC in the LiCl/MnOx/PC catalyst are all necessary components to keep the excellent catalytic performance at a low temperature.

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Adsorption and oxidation of chlorobenzene on Al(2)O(3), TiO(2)-Al(2)O(3), and MnO(x)/TiO(2)-Al(2)O(3) have been studied by in situ Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. At room temperature, chlorobenzene is only physisorbed on Al(2)O(3), TiO(2)-Al(2)O(3), and MnO(x)/TiO(2)-Al(2)O(3), and gives the same IR spectrum as that for liquid-phase chlorobenzene. On Al(2)O(3) no further interaction and reaction take place with treatment, at higher temperatures (up to 773 K), while phenolates are observed for TiO(2)-Al(2)O(3) and MnO(x)/TiO(2)-Al(2)O(3) at 773 K. When the adsorbed chlorobenzene coexists with oxygen, formates are detected for Al(2)O(3), while acetates are additionally observed for TiO(2-)Al(2)O(3) above 573 K. For MnO(x)/TiO(2-)Al(2)O(3), maleates are present at 573 And 673 K, while formates and acetates develop at 473 and 573 K. Almost all IR bands due to formates, acetates, and maleates disappear at 773 K, indicating that these oxygen-containing species are potential intermediates for the total oxidation of chlorobenzene.

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The catalytic performance of Fe/Si-2 and Fe-Mn/Si-2 catalysts for conversion of C2H6 with CO2 to C2H4 was examined in a continuous-flow and fixed-bed reactor. The results show that the Fe-Mn/Si-2 catalyst exhibits much better reaction activity and selectivity to C2H4 than those of the Fe/Si-2 catalyst. Furthermore, the coking-decoking behaviors of these catalysts were studied through TG. The catalytic performances of the catalysts after regeneration for conversion of C2H6 or dilute C2H6 in FCC off-gas with CO2 to C2H4 were also examined. The results show that both activity and selectivity of the Fe-Mn/Si-2 catalyst after regeneration reached the same level as those of the fresh catalyst, whereas it is difficult for the Fe/Si-2 catalyst to refresh its reaction behavior after regeneration.

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