陶瓷釉的矿物学特征研究

应用原子吸收光谱（ＡＡＳ），Ｘ射线衍射（ＸＲＤ）和电子自旋共振（ＥＳＲ）方法对工业及民用陶瓷釉进行了研究。实验表明：陶瓷釉的主要化学成分为Ａｌ２Ｏ３、ＳｉＯ２，少量为Ｋ２Ｏ、Ｎａ２Ｏ、ＭｇＯ、ＣａＯ和微量的ＴｉＯ２、Ｆｅ２Ｏ３、Ｓ等；矿物相有石英、伊利石、方解石、长石、高岭石和滑石等。生釉经不同温度焙烧后，无论是化学成分、矿物相、微量杂南元素的价态及含量均发生的变化。讨论了在不同温度下的化学组分.

滇东南白牛厂银多金属矿床成矿元素特征

成矿物质来源是研究矿床成因的关键问题之一,而地质体（地层和岩浆岩）成矿元素的含量高低是探讨成矿物质来源的基础.为了研究白牛厂超大型银多金属矿床主要成矿元素特征,本文系统测定了外围赋矿地层以及矿区花岗岩和花岗斑岩的成矿元素（Ag、Pb、Zn、Sn）含量,结果表明,Pb、Zn主要来源于矿区花岗岩,寒武系及下伏基底地层可能也提供了部分成矿物质,特别是Zn;由于矿区外围赋矿地层的Sn含量远低于Pb、Zn的含量,也远远低于地壳克拉克值,因此推测,Sn主要来源于花岗岩浆;Ag则主要来源于赋矿地层,花岗岩对其进行了后期的改造作用.

200 ℃水热条件下金属铂的氢渗透常数测定

本文采用氢感应法,测定低温水热条件下Pt 的H2 渗透常数k ,并可根据H2 渗透来计算实验体系的氧逸 度。这种方法无需依赖H2 在氧缓冲体系与实验体系间平衡状态的到达, 但要求有精确的氢渗透常数。本研 究在200 ℃, NNO 及HM氧缓冲的实验条件下,通过测定氢感应体系中淬火溶液Cl - 浓度的变化, 计算求得Pt 的H2 渗透常数k 为10 - 13～10 - 14数量级。并讨论了在实验及数据处理过程中对H2 渗透常数k 可能带来的误 差及影响因素。

陕西旬阳公馆-青铜沟汞锑矿床地球化学与矿床成因研究

陕西旬阳公馆和青铜沟汞锑矿床位于南秦岭东部的旬阳陆缘拗陷带中，是汞锑共生的大型和超大型矿床，是秦岭-中亚汞锑矿带中具代表意义的矿床。矿床成因一直存在争议，有沉积-改造、沉积-再造、岩浆热液、多源热液成因等不同看法。本次研究着手于区域地质、矿床地质和矿床地球化学特征，来探讨矿床成因。 本文在比较详细的野外调查基础上，利用流体包裹体测温、稳定同位素分析、以及等离子体质谱（ICP-MS）等方法，研究了矿床中矿石的包裹体特征和地球化学特征，认为公馆-青铜沟汞锑矿床的形成与中生代陆陆碰撞造山作用有关。在前人的研究基础上，获得了如下几点认识： ① 公馆-青铜沟汞锑矿床赋存于泥盆系白云岩中，与断裂紧密伴生，矿体呈脉状，矿石主要由辉锑矿、辰砂、石英、方解石等矿物组成，矿石类型有汞－锑型和单汞型两种。 ② 包裹体研究表明，石英和方解石中主要以富液包裹体为主。石英中包裹体均一温度为136～274℃，盐度变化范围为1.57～11.34%NaClequiv.，方解石中包裹体均一温度180～272℃，盐度为1.23～8.81% NaClequiv.。计算出的流体密度在变化范围在0.38～0.58 g/cm3之间。与国内其他一些同类矿床（如锡矿山锑矿、铜仁-凤凰汞矿带中的汞矿床、广西大厂锑矿床、晴隆大厂锑矿床、南秦岭十里坪锑矿床、沃溪金锑钨矿床等）相比成矿流体具有中低温、低盐度、低密度的特点，属于改造热液。 ③ 稀土元素研究表明：方解石的稀土配分模式和白云岩的相似，均为轻稀土富集型。 ④ 稳定同位素研究显示：辉锑矿的δ34S值为2.0～9.4‰，辰砂的δ34S值为3.3～11.6‰，与地层黄铁矿的δ34S值3.4～8.6‰一致，硫主要来源于赋矿地层；氢氧同位素研究也表明成矿流体属于改造热液，成矿期流体是经过深部循环了的地层建造水，成矿末期以大气水为主；碳氧同位素研究也表明，方解石来源于碳酸盐岩的溶解，形成过程中受到了地层有机碳的影响。 ⑤ 通过对前人的Sr同位素进一步分析研究表明：矿石样品的87Sr/86Sr值大于白云岩的值，且其87Sr/86Sr值和Hg、Sb含量呈正的线性相关关系，表明部分成矿物质Hg、Sb与Sr是同一来源的。辉锑矿中的铅有正常普通铅的特征，而白云岩的铅以异常铅为主。推断矿石中的铅主要来源于基底地层。 ⑥ 矿床成矿地球动力学背景为碰撞造山体制。在碰撞的增温增压期间，形成Ⅰ阶段矿化，即以白云石为脉石的微弱汞矿化；在挤压向伸展转变期间，形成Ⅱ阶段锑矿化和Ⅲ阶段汞矿化，是成矿的主要时期，脉石矿物主要为石英，其次为方解石；到了伸展减压降温阶段，形成Ⅳ阶段矿化，以发育微弱汞锑矿化或无矿化的粗大的方解石脉为特征。

感激与利他：从特质与情境的角度考察感激对利他倾向和行为的影响

Recently, as a moral affect and trait, gratitude has been acquiring growing attention in social psychology. Previous research showed those who are grateful were motivated not only to reciprocate the benefactor, but also to make altruistic behavior towards other people. By reviewing previous studies, we found two approaches on exploring the gratitude-altruism link: one is to examine the relationship of correlation between gratitude being a personality trait and altruistic tendency using questionnaires as research method; another is to probe into the causality of gratitude and altruistic behaviors by experimental methods. The present research consists of five studies combining correlative studies and experimental designs, trying to explore the effect of gratitude on altruistic tendency and altruistic behavior from perspective of trait and situation. Participants are 1769 Chinese undergraduates and 332 community residents. Firstly, results of study one showed dispositional gratitude was significantly positively correlated with altruistic tendency: higher dispositional gratitude, higher altruistic tendency. When social desirability, Big Five, and grateful mood were controlled, the correlation of gratitude and altruism still remained relatively significant. Secondly, results of the most experiments showed: main effects of both dispositional gratitude and situational gratitude were significant. For example, people with high dispositional gratitude showed higher altruistic tendency than people with low dispositional gratitude; People in high condition of gratitude arousing showed higher altruistic tendency than people in low condition of gratitude arousing as well as the control group. Thirdly, data analyses showed that the interaction effect of dispositional gratitude and situational gratitude on general altruistic tendency and altruistic behavior was significant. Compared with people with high dispositional gratitude, those with low dispositional gratitude was relatively more sensitive to condition of gratitude arousing. The latter show enhanced altruistic tendency in condition of gratitude arousing than in control condition. This interaction effect was also represented in three different condition of altruistic behavior. (1) As for beneficiaries of altruistic behavior, people with low dispositional gratitude showed enhanced altruistic behavior in condition of gratitude arousing towards strangers rather than friends and relatives. (2) As for the receiver role of altruistic behavior, people with low dispositional gratitude showed less “reject” or more “acceptance” in condition of gratitude arousing than that of the control condition. (3) When it comes to the cost of altruistic behavior, people with low dispositional gratitude showed enhanced altruistic tendency in condition of gratitude arousing than that of the control condition. However, altruistic behaviors of high cost in real life were more affected by dispositional gratitude.