320 resultados para 8-trien-1-ol
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An impedimetric immunosensor was fabricated for rapid and non-labeled detection of sulfate-reducing bacteria, Desulforibrio caledoiensis (SRB) by immobilizing lectin-Concanavalin A using an agglutination assay. The immobilization of lectin was conducted using amine coupling on the surface of a gold (Au) electrode assembled with 11-Mercaptounclecanoic acid. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was used to verify the stepwise assembly of the sensor system. The work conditions of the impedimetric immunosensor, such as pH of the buffer solutions and the incubation time of lectin, were optimized. Faradic impedance spectra for charge transfer for the redox probe Fe(CN)(6)(3-/4-) were measured to determine SRB concentrations. The diameter of the Nyquist diagram that is equal to the charge-transfer resistance (RI) increased with increasing SRB concentration. A linear relationship between R-ct and SRB concentration was obtained in SRB concentration range of 1.8 to 1.8 x 10(7) cfu/ml. The variation of the SRB population during the growth process was also monitored using the impedimetric immunosensor. This approach has great potential for simple, low-cost. and time-saving monitoring of microbial populations. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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【目的】研究祁连山北坡草地蒸散与其环境因子的关系,为该牧区草场的科学经营、草地退化的防治以及区域草地生态环境建设等提供科学依据。【方法】以小型自动气象站(HOBO Weather Station,U.S.A)气象观测资料为基础,采用FAO Penman-Monteith方法估算了祁连山北坡草地参考作物蒸散量(ET_0),并结合FAO-56的推荐值,分析了草地实际蒸散量(ETc)的动态变化,同时模拟研究了相关环境因子对实际蒸散量的影响。【结果】夏季(7和8月)草地的实际蒸散量较大,冬季(12和1月)较小,在7月中旬达到年度最高值,平均为3.40mm/d;按相关系数的高低,环境因子对实际蒸散量的影响表现为空气温度〉空气相对湿度〉土壤含水量(0~40cm)〉太阳辐射〉风速;土壤水分对实际蒸散量的影响表现为土壤深度越大,土壤水分对实际蒸散量的影响越小;太阳辐射量与实际蒸散量呈线性关系。【结论】祁连山北坡草地实际蒸散量的年际变化符合当地环境的变化规律,环境因子对其不同程度的影响表明,在今后的草场管理、退化防止、生态建设中应采取适的措施,以确保草地的良性发展。
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以青海果洛黄河源区高寒退化草甸生态系统为对象,应用静态密闭箱-气相色谱法对高寒退化草甸生态系统CO_2释放进行了初步研究.结果表明:所选4种不同退化程度高寒草甸,即未退化草甸(A)、轻度退化草甸(B)、中度退化草甸(C)和重度退化草甸(D),其CO_2释放速率有明显的日变化特征,日最大排放速率在15:00-17:00左右出现,最低值出现于清晨7:00-9:00左右,释放白天大于夜晚;(2)CO_2释放速率具有明显的季节性变化特征,生长期CO_2释放速率明显高于枯黄期,8月为CO_2释放高峰期,1月或2月为CO_2释放低谷期;(3)CO_2释放速率的日变化主要受地表温度和5cm地温制约,季节动态与5cm地温呈显著正相关关系(P<0.01),本研究为进一步进行高寒退化草甸生态系统源江效应的准确估测提供科学依据.
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为了有效地利用从国内其他地区引进的低蛋白弱筋种质材料,采用SDS-PAGE技术对63份材料进行了高分子量谷蛋白亚基组成的分析.结果表明,参试材料中共有14种HMW-GS类型,Glu-A1位点上有Null、1和2~*三种类型,以Null为主(52.4%);Glu-B1位点上有13+16、17+18、7、7+8、7+8+9和7+9六种类型,以7+8为主(55.6%);Glu-D1位点上有10、12、2+12、5+10、5+12五种类型,以2+12为主(61.9%),而5+10为27%.亚基组合类型共有22种,以"1,7+8,2+12"为主(22.2%).品质评分频率最高的是8分,为38.1%,其次为6分,为14.3%,5分的为9.5%,但品质评分为10分的也有5个材料,频率为7.9%.优质亚基含量等同或高于其他同类研究,品质评分也相对较高,这说明我国弱筋小麦的选择,需要加强对HMW-GS组成的分析.
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本文介绍了燕麦(Avena sativa L.)的植物学特性、种植区域及营养价值,并对开发燕麦保健食品进行了探讨.燕麦中含有8种人体必需的氨基酸,各种氨基酸含量不仅很高,而且比较平衡;亚油酸含量占脂肪含量的38.1%~52.0%,磷、铁、维生素B2含量也比较丰富,还含有独有的皂甙素.燕麦中的可溶性纤维β-糊精具有降低血脂、保护肠胃、降低血糖的特殊功效.因此,燕麦作为保健食品有广阔的开发利用前景.
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以调查统计的方法在中国科学院海北定位站研究了高寒湿地植物水葫芦苗无性系的生长特征、形态特征以及能量分配规律.结果表明:匍匐茎只有1条的水葫芦苗最多,占35.29%,匍匐茎有4条的水葫芦苗只占 8.82%.同一水葫芦苗无性系中,随着匍匐茎数目的增多,分株数、间隔子数、茎总长和匍匐茎比节间重变小.分株一般在第一级最高,末级较低;第1条匍匐茎的间隔子较长.随水葫芦苗匍匐茎数目的增多,用于无性繁殖的分株干重比例逐渐增加,用于有性繁殖的花的干重比例下降.水葫芦苗无性系这种生长特征、形态特征以及能量分配规律是其生物-生态学特性和所处高寒湿地 生境共同决定的.
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2002年10月至2003年12月,在可可西里对藏原羚(Procapra picticaudata)的集群行为进行了初步研究.将其集群划分为雌性群、雄性群、母仔群、雌雄混群和独羚5种类型.共统计藏原羚924群次,计3643只次.其中,雌性群525群次,占56.8%,为最多的集群类型;其余为独羚(26.1%)、雄性群(11.0%)、母仔群(3.0%)和雌雄混群(3.0%).不同大小集群的比例亦有极显著差异,其中2-10只的集群占70.0%,独羚占26.1%,其余为3.9%;最大集群为17只.另外,选择2-8只的集群的个体数占72.9%,选择8只以上集群的个体数为20.5%,独羚仅占6.6%,选择不同大小集群的个体数的差异也极为显著(P<0.001).除独羚外,其余4种集群类型的集群大小存在极显著差异.独羚作为一种特殊的集群类型,其雄性个体的比例占到68.1%,这说明雄性个体比雌性更容易形成独羚.总体而言,藏原羚的集群以雌性群为主,最适集群大小为2-8只.
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对不同日龄笼养大鸨(Otis tarda)的能量代谢和蛋白质沉积量进行研究.结果表明,50日龄、70日龄、300日龄和400日龄雄性大鸨的能量日摄入量分别为1 498.9 kJ、2 376.2 kJ、2 397.4 kJ和2 465.9 kJ;能量代谢率分别为82.3%、81.8%、81.8%和83.1%;蛋白质的日沉积量分别为5.8 g、13.4 g、15.8 g和13.5 g. 表3 参9
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目的 研究祁连獐牙菜Swertia przewalskii全草的化学成分。方法 采用硅胶柱层析进行分离纯化,通过波谱方法及化学关联进行结构鉴定;结果 分离纯化出15个化合物,分别鉴定为:1,7-二羟基-3,8-二甲氧基San酮(Ⅰ),1,8-二羟基-3,7-二甲氧基San酮(Ⅱ),1,7,8-三羟基-3-甲氧基San酮(Ⅲ),1,3,7,8-四羟基San酮(Ⅳ),1-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-7-羟基-3,8-二甲氧基San酮(Ⅴ),1-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-8-羟基-3,7-二甲氧基San酮(Ⅵ),7-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-1,8-二羟基-3-甲氧基San酮(Ⅶ),1-O-[β-D-吡喃木糖(1→6)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖]-7-羟基-3,8-二甲氧基San酮(Ⅷ),1-O-[β-D-吡喃葡萄糖]-1,7-二羟基-3-甲氧基S sgmk(X),木犀草素(Ⅺ),齐墩果酸(Ⅻ),乌苏酸(XⅣ)和龙胆苦苷(XV)。结论 化合物Ⅳ-Ⅷ,Ⅺ,Ⅻ,XⅣ和XV均为首次从该种植物中分得。
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利用大板山北板3200m~3800m的海拔梯度,分别在3200m、3400m、3600m和3800m处选取羊茅、一年生早熟禾和(上艹下洽)草用二级离体培养法测定其体外消化率。1999和2000年测定结果表明,随着海拔的升高,3种牧草的体外消化率呈增加趋势,海拔从3200m升到3800m,羊茅、早熟禾、(上艹下洽)草的体外消化率分别增加6.42、6.35、8.69和4.89、9.8和5.1个百分点。显著性分析结果表明,供试牧草的体外消化率与其生长的海拔高度之间的正相关关系差异显著(P < 0.05)。
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首次发表假橐吾属LigulariopsisY .L .Chen的核形态研究结果。染色体间期为复杂型 ,前期染色体为中间型。染色体长度从 2 .70 μm到 4 .70 μm ,平均长度为 3.62 μm ,无明显的二型性 ;核型公式为 2n=5 8=34m + 1 8sm( 2sat) + 6st,核型类型属于 2A型。假橐吾属的核型和蟹甲草属与橐吾属相似 ,但假橐吾属具有较多的亚中部、中部着丝点染色体。
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在自然生长状态下 ,用测定在黄头鹡鸰(Motacillacitreola)成鸟产卵期性腺及输卵管蛋的质量变化的方法 ,研究了它们在产卵期间的能量投入及其分配形式 .产卵期 ,雌鸟用于性腺增长和卵形成的能量预算为 6 6 2 4~71 19kJ ,其中用于蛋白质和脂肪的能量分别为 40 42kJ和 2 5 82~ 30 78kJ,占总能量预算的 5 6 8%~ 6 1 0 %和36 3%~ 46 5 % .用于繁殖蛋白的能量分配为 :输卵管 2 77kJ ,卵黄蛋白 12 80kJ ,卵白蛋白 2 4 85kJ.雌鸟耗能最大的是第 0d~ +1d ,达 (13 2 8~ 14 2 6 )kJ/d .产卵期雄鸟耗能 (用于性腺增长 ) 7 98kJ,雌雄亲鸟用于卵的形成和性腺增长共投入能量 74 2 2~ 79 17kJ.雌鸟耗能为雄鸟的 8 3倍~ 8 9倍。
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In the alpine region of the Tibetan Plateau, five perennial grass cultivars, Bromus inermis (B), Elymus nutans (E), Clinelymus nutans (C), Agropyron cristatum (A), and Poa crymophila (P) were combined into nine communities with different compositions and ratios, B+C, E+A, B+E+A, E+B+C,C+E+A,B+E+C+A,B+C+A+P,B+E+A+P and E+C+A+P. Each combination was sown in six 10 X 10 m plots with three hand-weeded plots and three natural-growing plots in a completely randomised design in 1998. A field experiment studied the performance of these perennial grass combinations under the competitive interference of annual weeds in 3 consecutive years from 1998 to 2000. The results showed that annual weeds occupied more space and suppressed the growth of the grasses due to earlier germination and quicker growth in the establishment year, but this pattern changed in the second and third years. Leaf area indexes (LAIs) of grasses were greatly decreased by the competitive interference of weeds, and the negative effect of weeds on LAIs of grasses declined and stabilised in the second and third years. E+B+C, B+E+C+A, and B+E+A+P possessed relatively higher LAIs (P < 0.05) among all grass combinations and their LAIs were close to five when the competitive interference of weeds was removed. Grasses were competitively inferior to weeds in the establishment year, although their competitive ability (aggressivities) increased throughout the growing season. In the second and third years, grasses were competitively superior to weeds, and their competitive ability decreased from May until August and increased in September. Dry matter (DM) yields of grasses were reduced by 29.8-74.1% in the establishment year, 11.0-64.9% in the second year, and 16.0-55.8% in the third year by the competitive interference of weeds. B+E+C+A and B+E+A+P can produce around 14 t/ha of DM yields, significantly higher (P < 0.05) than the production of the other grass combinations in the second and third years after the competitive interference of weeds was removed. It was preliminarily concluded that removal of competitive interference of weeds increased the LAIs of all grass swards and improved the light interception of grasses, thus promoting the production of perennial grass pastures. The germination stage of the grasses in the establishment year was the critical period for weeding and suppression of weeds should occur at an early stage of plant growth. The grass combinations of B+E+C+A and B+E+A+P were productive and can be extensively established in the alpine regions of the Tibetan Plateau. Two or three growing seasons will be needed before determining success of establishment of grass mixtures under the alpine conditions of the Tibetan Plateau.
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用于解决实际问题的专家系统方法是知识库和推理机的结合。本文介绍了专家系统方法在电力系统控制中的应用,包括系统安全分析和操作人员培训,负荷预报等。