Phase variations and phase shift in a TE011 mode microwave cavity used for in a miniature Rb fountain frequency standard

It is the first time in China that the phase variations and phase shift of microwave cavity in a miniature Rb fountain frequency standard are studied, considering the effect of imperfect metallic walls. Wall losses in the microwave cavity lead to small traveling wave components that deliver power from the cavity feed to the walls of cavity. The small traveling wave components produce a microradian distribution of phase throughout the cavity ity, and therefore distributed cavity phase shifts need to be considered. The microwave cavity is a TE011 circular cylinder copper cavity, with round cut-hole of end plates (14mm in diameter) for access for the atomic flux and two small apertures in the center of the side wall for coupling in microwave power. After attenuation alpha is calculated, field variations in cavity are solved. The field variations of the cavity are given. At the same time, the influences of loaded quality factor QL and diameter/height (2a/d) of the microwave cavity on the phase variations and phase shift are considered. According to the phase variation and phase shift of microwave cavity we select the parameters of cavity, diameter 2a = 69.2mm, height d = 34.6mm, QL = 5000, which will result in an uncertainty delta(Delta f / f0 ) < 4.7 x 10(-17) and meets the requirement for the miniature Rb fountain frequency standard with accuracy 10(-15).

Phase shift caused by microwave field based on light storage

We have theoretically investigated the phase shift of a probe field for a four-level atomic system interacting successively with two fields tuned near an EIT resonance of an atom, a microwave field, and a coupling field. It has been found that the phase of retrieved signal has been shifted due to the cross-phase modulation when the stored spin wave was disturbed by a microwave. Because of the low relaxation rates of the ground hyperfine state, our proposed technique can impart a large phase rotation onto the probe field with low absorption of retrieved field and very low intensity of the microwave field.

溶胶-凝胶条波导Sagnac环的乙醇蒸气传感特性

采用有机/无机混合溶胶-凝胶法制作条形光波导,并将条波导接入光纤Sagnac 环中,测量了输出光功率随环境气氛中乙醇蒸气体积分数变化的特性,表明在实验研究的范围内,输出信号与乙醇蒸气体积分数呈正弦变化。根据Sagnac环结构输出特性的基本关系,反映了溶胶-凝胶条波导在乙醇蒸气气氛下产生了双折射效应。观察到双折射相移与乙醇体积分数的亚线性关系。对实验数据拟合,计算了偏振相移的线性项和二次项系数,得到所制备的条波导的双折射对乙醇体积分数的响应为Δn≈4.4×10-2。测量了信号变化的时间演变特性,典型的上升和

强外加电场与大调制度下光折变动力学光栅形成研究

强外加电场与大调制度在光折变效应的研究中已经得到了广泛应用。采用PDECOL算法, 严格求解光折变带输运方程, 得到外加电场时不同调制度下光折变晶体中随时间变化的空间电荷场、载流子浓度, 并讨论了外加电场对它们的影响。通过将物质方程与耦合波方程联立数值求解, 可得到光折变光栅形成过程中两波耦合增益系数以及光束条纹相位的变化。模拟结果表明, 在强外加电场作用下, 两束记录光之间的光强与相位耦合都得到了增强, 而原有的解析式忽视了强外加电场与大调制度对空间电荷场相位耦合的影响, 此时不再适用。同时发现折射率光

Ultrafast temporal pattern generation and recognition

Ultrafast temporal pattern generation and recognition with femtosecond laser technology is presented, analyzed, and experimentally implemented. Ultrafast temporal pattern generation and recognition are realized by taking advantage of two well-known techniques: the space-time conversion technique and the ultrafast pulse measurement technique. Here the temporal pattern for the designed multiple pulses, optimized with a preassumed Gaussian spectral distribution of an ultrashort pulse, is described. With the simulation of a Gaussian spectral distribution, we realize that the uniformity of the generated multiple ultrafast temporal pulses is relevant to the repeated number of modulation periods in the mask in the spectral plane. Moreover, the change of Gaussian spectral phases with the wavelengths in the modulated phase plate is considered. Experiments of ultrafast temporal pattern recognition by the frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG) characterization technique are also given. (C) 2004 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers.

Influences of phase shift on superresolution performances of annular filters

This paper investigates the influences of phase shift on superresolution performances of annular filters. Firstly, it investigates the influence of phase shift on axial superresolution. It proves theoretically that axial superresolution can not be obtained by two-zone phase filter with phase shift pi, and it gets the phase shift with which axial superresolution can be brought by two-zone phase filter. Secondly, it studies the influence of phase shift on transverse superresolution. It finds that the three-zone phase filter with arbitrary phase shift has an almost equal optimal transverse gain to that of commonly used three-zone phase filter, but can produce a much higher axial superresolution gain. Thirdly, it investigates the influence of phase shift on three-dimensional superresolution. Three-dimensional superresolution capability and design margin of three-zone complex filter with arbitrary phase shift are obtained, which presents the theoretical basis for three-dimensional superresolution design. Finally, it investigates the influence of phase shift on focal shift. To obtain desired focal shifts, it designs a series of three-zone phase filters with different phase shifts. A spatial light modulator (SLM) is used to implement the designed filters. By regulating the voltage imposed on the SLM, an accurate focal shift control is obtained.

Phase-step calibration technique based on a two-run-times-two-frame phase-shift method

A novel phase-step calibration technique is presented on the basis of a two-run-times-two-frame phase-shift method. First the symmetry factor M is defined to describe the distribution property of the distorted phase due to phase-shifter miscalibration; then the phase-step calibration technique, in which two sets of two interferograms with a straight fringe pattern are recorded and the phase step is obtained by calculating M of the wrapped phase map, is developed. With this technique, a good mirror is required, but no uniform illumination is needed and no complex mathematical operation is involved. This technique can be carried out in situ and is applicable to any phase shifter, whether linear or nonlinear. (c) 2006 Optical Society of America.

Superresolution, extended focal depth or focal shift with electrically controllable radial birefringent filter

In this paper an electrically controllable radial birefringent pupil filter is proposed. It consists of two polarizers and an improved electrically controllable optical azimuth rotator which has two lambda/4 retarders, one electro-optical crystal and one radial birefringent crystal. The evolution and distribution of polarization states of this pupil filter are discussed. The most interesting and useful advantage of such a structure is that the characteristic of transverse superresolution and axial extended focal depth or focal shift can be obtained merely by controlling the applied voltage on the electro-optical crystal. The radial birefringent crystal azimuth angle cooperating with different electrical inductive phase differences will determine the transverse and axial intensity distribution. It is shown that for particular ranges of electrical inductive phase difference it is possible to obtain transverse superresolution along with extended focal depth or with a focal shift.

A four-frame phase shift method insensitive to phase shifter nonlinearity

A four-frame phase shift method and an associated algorithm using unequal phase steps are presented. The unique advantage of this method is that it becomes insensitive to phase shifter nonlinearity because of the performance of a special procedure, in which the phase shifts are shared out between the reference beam and the object beam. By this means, any phase shifter can work as long as one phase shift is accurately known. On the basis of the technique, a simple calibration method for the linear phase shifter is suggested. The influences of phase shifter miscalibration, detector nonlinearity and random noise on the algorithm are investigated, and the optimal phase shifts are given.

Diffraction properties of ultrashort pulsed beams with arbitrary temporal profiles studied with a volume holographic grating

Using modified two- dimensional coupled- wave theory, the diffraction properties of ultrashort pulsed beams with arbitrary temporal profiles are studied with a volume holographic grating. Analytical expressions for the profiles of the transmitted and diffracted beams are obtained. It is shown that the Bragg selectivity bandwidth of the volume grating can be influenced by the geometry parameter. Numerical results are illustrated for three different temporal profiles. For different temporal profiles, the ratios of the diffraction bandwidths to input bandwidths are discussed.