基于Petri网的Web服务流程建模方法研究

随着网络应用的蓬勃发展,Web服务越来越普及。在实际应用中,往往需要对已有Web服务进行集成。目前通常的企业Web服务集成过程,都是先根据企业的业务流程建立相应的Web服务流程模型,再由此建立应用系统。而目前已有的建模手段的共同问题是：无法确保模型的正确性和与具体业务的紧密吻合。该文提出一种基于Petri网的Web服务流程建模方法。该建模方法通过将Petri网引入建模过程弥补了原建模过程中无法直观感受模型的不足,通过建立一套完备的形式化定义保证了建立模型的正确性,通过将紧同步随机Petri网引入建模过程可以更好的描述实际业务。通过使用该方法, 可以很好地解决现在Web流程建模过程中存在的问题。此方法也为其他领域中的流程建模仿真提供了一种很好的解决问题的方法和思路。

Modeling the effect of ozone loss on photobleaching of chromophoric dissolved organic matter in the St. Lawrence estuary

Temporal trends in total ozone for the St. Lawrence estuary were estimated from ground-based measurements at the NOAA/CMDL station in Caribou, Maine. Linear regression analysis showed that from 1979 to 1999 total ozone has decreased by about 3.3% per decade on an annual basis and ≤6.2% per decade on a monthly basis relative to unperturbed (pre-CFC) levels. The influence of increased ultraviolet-B (280–320 nm) radiation associated with ozone depletion on water column photochemical processes was evaluated by modeling the photobleaching of chromophoric dissolved organic material (CDOM). Linear regression analysis showed small (<0.5% per decade), but statistically significant upward trends in maximum noontime photobleaching rates. Most notably, positive trends in relative rates for May, June, and July, when maximum absolute rates are expected, were predicted. A global model based on TOMS ozone data revealed increases in photobleaching of ≤3% per decade at high latitudes in the Southern Hemisphere. Radiation amplification factors for increases in photochemically weighted UV (280–400 nm) in response to ozone depletion were estimated at 0.1 and 0.08 for photobleaching of CDOM absorbance at 300 and 350 nm, respectively. Application of the laboratory-based model to conditions that more closely resembled those in situ were variable with both overestimation and underestimation of measured rates. The differences between modeled rates and observed rates under quasi-natural conditions were as large or larger than the predicted increases due to ozone depletion. These comparisons suggest that biological activity and mixing play an important, but as yet ill-defined, role in modifying photochemical processes.

China's changing landscape during the 1990s: Large-scale land transformations estimated with satellite data

Land-cover changes in China are being powered by demand for food for its growing population and by the nation's transition from a largely rural society to one in which more than half of its people are expected to live in cities within two decades. Here we use an analysis of remotely sensed data gathered between 1990 and 2000, to map the magnitude and pattern of changes such as the conversion of grasslands and forests to croplands and the loss of croplands to urban expansion. With high-resolution ( 30 m) imagery from Landsat TM for the entire country, we show that between 1990 and 2000 the cropland area increased by 2.99 million hectares and urban areas increased by 0.82 million hectares. In northern China, large areas of woodlands, grasslands and wetlands were converted to croplands, while in southern China large areas of croplands were converted to urban areas. The land-cover products presented here give the Chinese government and international community, for the first time, an unambiguous understanding of the degree to which the nation's landscape is being altered. Documentation of these changes in a reliable and spatially explicit way forms the foundation for management of China's environment over the coming decades.

A Review of Active Appearance Models

Active appearance model (AAM) is a powerful generative method for modeling deformable objects. The model decouples the shape and the texture variations of objects, which is followed by an efficient gradient-based model fitting method. Due to the flexible and simple framework, AAM has been widely applied in the fields of computer vision. However, difficulties are met when it is applied to various practical issues, which lead to a lot of prominent improvements to the model. Nevertheless, these difficulties and improvements have not been studied systematically. This motivates us to review the recent advances of AAM. This paper focuses on the improvements in the literature in turns of the problems suffered by AAM in practical applications. Therefore, these algorithms are summarized from three aspects, i.e., efficiency, discrimination, and robustness. Additionally, some applications and implementations of AAM are also enumerated. The main purpose of this paper is to serve as a guide for further research.

基于天际线识别的无人机实时姿态角估计

以无人机天际线识别为背景,提出了一种准确、实时的天际线识别算法,并由此估计姿态角。在结合实际情况的基础上,对天际线建立能量泛函模型,利用变分原理推出相应偏微分方程。在实际应用中出于对实时性的考虑,引入直线约束对该模型进行简化,然后利用由粗到精的思想识别天际线。首先,对图像预处理并垂直剖分,然后利用简化的水平直线模型对天际线进行粗识别,通过拟合获得天际线粗识别结果,最后在基于梯度和区域混合开曲线模型约束下精确识别天际线,并由此估计无人机滚动和俯仰姿态角。实验结果表明,该算法对天际线识别具有较好的鲁棒性、准确性和实时性。

基于模型差分析的旋翼飞行机器人航向与垂向预测控制方法

本文针对旋翼飞行机器人全包线机动飞行中的驱动器滞后以及动力学模型时变的问题,提出了应对不确定性动力学模型的基于模型差分析的增量平稳预测控制方法。该方法首先通过建立增量平稳预测过程模型来应对驱动器输出滞后与稳态模型以及系统工作点的不确定性,并提升控制系统鲁棒性。然后通过自适应集员滤波器在线估计系统瞬态动力学与名义模型的偏差来补偿全包线飞行中时变模型对于名义控制器跟踪性能的影响。最后,通过实际的飞行试验验证了此方法能够有效的解决全包线飞行中航向与垂向的驱动器滞后与动力学时变问题,并且可以实用于旋翼机器人航向与垂向的全包线自主飞行控制。

基于神经网络的一类非线性系统模型参考控制

针对一类非线性系统,提出了一种神经网络模型参考控制方案。在训练实现对象模型的网络和实现控制器的网络时,由状态方程产生训练样本。通过对倒立摆系统的仿真实验验证了控制方案和样本生成策略的有效性,在仿真实验中用不同初始状态验证了训练后的神经网络的泛化能力。