Study of remote sensing based parameter uncertainty in Production Efficiency Models

The remote sensing based Production Efficiency Models (PEMs), springs from the concept of "Light Use Efficiency" and has been applied more and more in estimating terrestrial Net Primary Productivity (NPP) regionally and globally. However, global NPP estimates vary greatly among different models in different data sources and handling methods. Because direct observation or measurement of NPP is unavailable at global scale, the precision and reliability of the models cannot be guaranteed. Though, there are ways to improve the accuracy of the models from input parameters. In this study, five remote sensing based PEMs have been compared: CASA, GLO-PEM, TURC, SDBM and VPM. We divided input parameters into three categories, and analyzed the uncertainty of (1) vegetation distribution, (2) fraction of photosynthetically active radiation absorbed by the canopy (fPAR) and (3) light use efficiency (e). Ground measurements of Hulunbeier typical grassland and meteorology measurements were introduced for accuracy evaluation. Results show that a real-time, more accurate vegetation distribution could significantly affect the accuracy of the models, since it's applied directly or indirectly in all models and affects other parameters simultaneously. Higher spatial and spectral resolution remote sensing data may reduce uncertainty of fPAR up to 51.3%, which is essential to improve model accuracy.

SATELLITE REMOTE-SENSING PREDICTION OF JAPANESE PILCHARD FISHING GROUND IN THE HUANGHAI SEA AND THE EAST-CHINA-SEA

The thermophily, fishing season and central fishing ground of Japanese pilchard (Sardinops melanosticta) were studied by using satellite remote sensing (SRS) and other methods in Haizhou Bay and Tsushima waters during 1986-1990. A rapid prediction method of fishing ground is presented. Moreover, the results indicated that the thermophilic values of the fish stock are 11-20 degrees C and both fishing grounds are in increasing temperature process from the beginning to the end of the fishing period. The Japanese pilchards gather vigorously at the sea surface temperature of 15-17 degrees C. The water temperature is a key factor affecting the fishing season and the catch of the fishing ground. The increasing temperature process restricts the fishing season development and central fishing ground formation. The accuracy of 15 predictions made in the Haizhou Bay fishing ground is up to 91.3%, and 37 predictions made in the Tsushima, fishing ground shorten the fish detection time by 13.4% - 22% on the average.

Remote sensing of ocean waves by along-track interferometric synthetic aperture radar

A new wave retrieval method for the Along-Track Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (AT-InSAR) phase image is presented. The new algorithm, named parametric retrieval algorithm (PRA), uses the full nonlinear mapping relations. It differs from previous retrieval algorithms in that it does not require a priori information about the sea state or the wind vector from scatterometer data. Instead, it combines the observed AT-InSAR phase spectrum and assumed wind vector to estimate the wind sea spectrum. The method has been validated using several C-band and X-band HH-polarized AT-InSAR observations collocated with spectral buoy measurements. In this paper, X-band and C-band HH-polarized AT-InSAR phase images of ocean waves are first used to study AT-InSAR wave imaging fidelity. The resulting phase spectra are quantitatively compared with forward-mapped in situ directional wave spectra collocated with the AT-InSAR observations. Subsequently, we combine the parametric retrieval algorithm (PRA) with X-band and C-band HH-polarized AT-InSAR phase images to retrieve ocean wave spectra. The results show that the ocean wavelengths, wave directions, and significant wave heights estimated from the retrieved ocean wave spectra are in agreement with the buoy measurements.

Application of effective medium approximation theory to ocean remote sensing under wave breaking

Based on the effective medium approximation theory of composites, the empirical model proposed by Pandey and Kakar is remedied to investigate the microwave emissivity of sea surface under wave breaking driven by strong wind. In the improved model, the effects of seawater bubbles, droplets and difference in temperature of air and sea interface (DTAS) on the emissivity of sea surface covered by whitecaps are discussed. The model results indicate that the effective emissivity of sea surface increases with DTAS increasing, and the impacts of bubble structures and thickness of whitecaps layer on the emissivity are included in the model by introducing the effective dielectric constant of whitecaps layer. Moreover, a good agreement is obtained by comparing the model results with the Rose's experimental data.

Remote sensing of ocean waves by polarimetric SAR

A new method to measure ocean wave slope spectra using fully polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (POLSAR) data was developed without the need for a complex hydrodynamic modulation transform function. There is no explicit use of a hydrodynamic modulation transfer function. This function is not clearly known and is based on hydrodynamic assumptions. The method is different from those developed by Schuler and colleagues or Pottier but complements their methods. The results estimated from NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) Airborne Synthetic Aperture Radar (AIRSAR) C-band polarimetric SAR data show that the ocean wavelength, wave direction, and significant wave height are in agreement with buoy measurements. The proposed method can be employed by future satellite missions such as RADARSAT-2.

光纤光栅滤波的瓦斯传感系统的研究

差分吸收法是进行瓦斯远距离监测的重要方法，根据瓦斯在近红外波段的吸收特性，报道了一种新型的远距离光纤瓦斯传感系统。采用1．3μm超辐射发光二极管为光源，利用光纤布拉格光栅(FBG)优良的窄带滤波特性实现了对瓦斯的差分吸收测量。和传统的干涉滤光片相比，光纤光栅滤波器插入损耗低、制备简单。系统具有全光纤化、结构简单、工作距离远、稳定性好的特点。工作距离10km，测量灵敏度为0．1％，是瓦斯爆炸极限的2％。

A novel three-dimensional imaging array recording and computational method by means of coded cameras reconstruction

In this paper, we propose a novel three-dimensional imaging method by which the object is captured by a coded cameras array (CCA) and computationally reconstructed as a series of longitudinal layered surface images of the object. The distribution of cameras in array, named code pattern, is crucial for reconstructed images fidelity when the correlation decoding is used. We use DIRECT global optimization algorithm to design the code patterns that possess proper imaging property. We have conducted primary experiments to verify and test the performance of the proposed method with a simple discontinuous object and a small-scale CCA including nine cameras. After certain procedures such as capturing, photograph integrating, computational reconstructing and filtering, etc., we obtain reconstructed longitudinal layered surface images of the object with higher signal-to-noise ratio. The results of experiments show that the proposed method is feasible. It is a promising method to be used in fields such as remote sensing, machine vision, etc. (c) 2006 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.

星载激光相干测高计的参量设计

为使星载激光高度计实现高空间分辨力、高距离精度,提出了联合采用调频光纤激光器和相干测距的方法。详细讨论了这种方法的实现方案,并对方案中的激光发射功率、望远镜口径以及脉冲宽度对距离精度及信噪比的影响进行数值模拟。对系统参量进行分析,得到了相关参量的关系和优化的参量。结果表明,当望远镜口径为400 mm时,啁啾调频速率为1 MHz/μs,脉冲时间宽度150~350μs,发射功率10 W左右时,基于相干测距的星载激光高度计可以实现距离精度小于15 cm的技术指标。

Cr2+:ZnSe中红外激光器

Cr2+掺杂II-VI族化合物在中红外波段的输出，在气体检测、遥感、通信、眼科医学、神经外科等领域有着重要的应用前景。目前已经获得了最大1.7 W的连续输出功率，18.5 W的平均脉冲功率，1100 nm的调谐范围和最窄4 ps的脉宽。对Cr2+:ZnSe连续、脉冲、随机纳米激光器以及其它的Cr2+掺杂II-VI族化合物激光器的最新的国内外研究进展进行了综述。

水下目标光学隐蔽深度遥感获取方法

针对用透明度盘深度(SD)估计水下目标的光学隐蔽深度(OCD)的方法缺乏科学性与准确性,提出了利用水色卫星遥感数据获取水下目标光学隐蔽深度的方法。在给出水下目标光学隐蔽深度概念的基础上,分析了水下目标对水中光传输的影响,并根据目标背景对比度传输方程建立了水下目标隐蔽深度与透明度盘深度的转换关系。建立了水下目标光学隐蔽深度的遥感获取模式,并对模式进行了实验验证。结果表明,黑色模型的理论计算和实测数据的相对误差小于30%,而白色模型的理论计算和实测数据的相对误差小于20%。

激光晶体的现状及发展趋势

在分析激光晶体的研究现状的基础上，指出其未来应用及主要发展趋势：面向先进制造技术、激光武器等应用的（1μm波段）高功率、大能量激光晶体；面向人眼安全、遥感、光通讯、医疗等应用的红外激光晶体；面向全色显示、光刻等应用的蓝绿紫和可见光激光晶体；LD泵浦超快激光增益和放大介质材料．

鄂尔多斯油蒿生物量遥感动态监测研究

本研究通过对油蒿灌丛及研究地区土壤连续5个月的光谱观测，指出干旱半干旱地区土壤光谱反射的特点，油蒿灌丛的光谱反射将无可避免受土壤背景的影响．分析了油蒿灌丛光谱反射的季节动态变化，指出油蒿灌丛光谱反射不仅取决于叶片，枝条也是重要的反射构件．引入植被指数(Vegetation Index)，采用常规方法与遥感技术相结合估测油蓠单丛生物量，获得较单纯常规方法更高的估测精度，表明在干旱半干旱地区，应用植被指数估测灌丛生物量是可行的．对油蒿单优群落现存生物量动态监测，表明油蒿群落生物量8月份达到最高，是适应生态气候因子，特别是水因子的结果．观测不同深度土壤光谱反射，显示了土壤持水的稳定性．通过对研究地区土壤光谱观测，得到一条适合本地区的土壤线(8011line)．通过比较几种植被指数消除土壤背景影响和估测生物量的效果，选取综合效果最佳的植被指数- SAVI( Soil-Adjusted Vegetation Index)．利用植被指数区分典型地块，提取油蒿地块面积．