拟南芥光系统复合物组装调控因子的功能研究

光系统I与光系统II ( PSI和PSII ) 是由核基因与叶绿体基因共同编码的蛋白组成的多亚基色素蛋白复合体，其复合物组装过程中蛋白以一定地次序合成并组装。现有研究表明光合膜多亚基复合物形成的每一个过程都需要一个或多个调节因子的参与。发现这些调节因子，并研究它们的作用机制将有助于我们认识高等植物两个光系统复合物组装和功能调控的分子机理。因此，我们采用正向遗传学和反向遗传学方法去寻找这些调控因子。我们一方面应用Gateway技术构建拟南芥cDNA表达文库，采用酵母双杂交技术从中筛选与Alb3互作的蛋白，称为ALIP ( Albino3 Interacting Protein )；从ABRC订购编码这些互作蛋白的基因的T-DNA插入突变株系，其中发现了一个影响PSI功能的突变体alip1；另一方面，通过对拟南芥T-DNA插入突变体库进行筛选，发现了一批影响PSII功能的突变体 ( low photosystem II accumulation )，其中包括lpa1、lpa2和lpa66-1。本实验对alip1和lpa66-1突变体进行了深入研究，初步探讨了这两个基因编码的蛋白参与调控PSI以及PSII的组装机理。 突变体lpa66-1是一个高叶绿素荧光突变体，与野生型比较生长缓慢，叶色黄，叶绿素含量低。叶绿素荧光慢诱导曲线显示它是一个影响PSII功能的突变体。类囊体膜蛋白的免疫印迹发现lpa66-1突变体中PSII复合物的累积量降低到野生型的30%左右，其他复合物的含量变化不大。体内蛋白标记实验显示，PSII反应中心蛋白D1，D2的合成速率下降，PSII核心蛋白的周转加快。新合成的蛋白组装进PSII的效率比野生型显著降低。LPA66是一个定位于叶绿体的PPR蛋白。因为野生型拟南芥LPA66蛋白能够特异性的编辑psbF转录本，故野生型psbF转录本中第77C被编辑为77U，从而使相应的氨基酸序列中第26个氨基酸丝氨酸被编辑为苯丙氨酸，而lpa66-1突变体中，LPA66蛋白的缺失导致该位点不能被编辑，PSII复合体也不能有效组装。 Alb3/Oxa1p/YidC蛋白家族广泛的参与蛋白质转运和多亚基复合物组装，采用分裂泛素化酵母双杂交发现与Alb3相互作用蛋白ALIP1。突变体alip1也是一个高叶绿素荧光突变体，叶色黄，在土里生长极为缓慢，且不能开花，不育。叶绿素荧光慢诱导曲线显示，突变体中PSII功能基本没有受影响；而P700显示alip1是一个影响PSI功能的突变体。类囊体膜蛋白的免疫印迹发现突变体中PSI核心蛋白PsaA/B的累积量为野生型的40%左右，而PSII及其他复合物的含量无明显变化。Northern印迹结果显示PsaA/B在转录水平不受影响，而体内蛋白标记实验显示，PSI反应中心蛋白PsaA/B的合成速度下降。蔗糖密度梯度离心分析类囊体膜蛋白的组分显示ALIP1能够与Alb3共迁移。而Alb3对于类囊体膜上大分子复合体的组装有重要作用，我们推测，ALIP1可能与Alb3形成一个复合物，或者作为一个中间体介导Alb3参与PSI的组装。

pkn22 (alr2502) encoding a putative Ser/Thr kinase in the cyanobacterium Anabaena sp PCC 7120 is induced by both iron starvation and oxidative stress and regulates the expression of isiA

In cyanobacteria, the isiA gene is required for cell adaptation to oxidative damage caused by the absence of iron. We show here that a putative Ser/Thr kinase gene, pkn22 (alr2052), is activated by iron deficiency and oxidative damage in Anabaena sp. PCC 7120. A pkn22 insertion mutant is unable to grow when iron is limiting. pkn22 regulates the expression of isiA (encoding CP43') but not of isiB (encoding flavodoxin) and psbC (CP43). Fluorescence measurement at 77 K reveals the absence of the typical signature of CP43' associated with photosystem I in the mutant under iron-limiting conditions. We propose that Pkn22 is required for the function of isiA/CP43' and constitutes a regulatory element necessary for stress response. (C) 2003 Federation of European Biochemical Societies. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Effects of iron on growth, pigment content, photosystem II efficiency, and siderophores production of Microcystis aeruginosa and Microcystis wesenbergii

Changes in growth, photosynthetic pigments, and photosystem II (PS II) photochemical efficiency as well as production of siderophores of Microcystis aeruginosa and Microcystis wesenbergii were determined in this experiment. Results showed growths of M. aeruginosa and M. wesenbergii, measured by means of optical density at 665 nm, were severely inhibited under an iron-limited condition, whereas they thrived under an iron-replete condition. The contents of chlorophyll-a, carotenoid, phycocyanin, and allophycocyanin under an iron-limited condition were lower than those under an iron-replete condition, and they all reached maximal contents on day 4 under the iron-limited condition. PS II photochemical efficiencies (maximal PS II quantum yield), saturating light levels (I-k ) and maximal electron transport rates (ETRmax) of M. aeruginosa and M. wesenbergii declined sharply under the iron-limited condition. The PS II photochemical efficiency and ETRmax of M. aeruginosa rose , whereas in the strain of M. wesenbergii, they declined gradually under the iron-replete condition. In addition, I-k of M. aeruginosa and M. wesenbergii under the iron-replete condition did not change obviously. Siderophore production of M. aeruginosa was higher than that of M. wesenbergii under the iron-limited condition. It was concluded that M. aeruginosa requires higher iron concentration for physiological and biochemical processes compared with M. wesenbergii, but its tolerance against too high a concentration of iron is weaker than M. wesenbergii.