A NEW TYPE OF ION-SELECTIVE ELECTRODE FOR NONAQUEOUS SOLUTION

A new type of ion-selective electrode-water membrane system is proposed and an assumption of water membrane is confirmed. A NdCl_3 water membrane electrode has be- en made te demonstrate its applicability to the determination of Nd (PMBP)_3 (PMBP=1- phenyl-3-methyl-4-benzoyl-5-pyrazolone)in cyclohexanone. Conditions for stabilizing potential of reference electrode in nonaqueous system are optimized. It is observed that the potential response on the surface of two immiscible solution is bidirection...

Hybrid organic-inorganic phenyl monolithic column for capillary electrochromatography

A novel hybrid organic-inorganic silica-based monolithic column possessing phenyl ligands for reversed-phase (RP) capillary electrochromatography (CEC) is described. The monolithic stationary phase was prepared by in situ co-condensation of tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) with phenyltriethoxysilane (PTES) via a two-step catalytic sol-gel procedure to introduce phenyl groups distributed throughout the silica matrix for chromatographic interaction. The hydrolysis and condensation reactions of precursors were chemically controlled through pH variation by adding hydrochloric acid and dodecylamine, respectively. The structural property of the monolithic column can be easily tailored through adjusting the composition of starting sol solution. The effect of PTES/TEOS ratios on the morphology of the created stationary phases was investigated. A variety of neutral and basic analytes were used to evaluate the column performance. The CEC columns exhibited typical RP chromatographic retention mechanism for neutral compounds and had improved peak shape for basic solutes.

Generation of large-scale vortex dislocations in a three-dimensional wake-type flow

Numerical study of three-dimensional evolution of wake-type flow and vortex dislocations is performed by using a compact finite diffenence-Fourier spectral method to solve 3-D incompressible Navier-Stokes equations. A local spanwise nonuniformity in momentum defect is imposed on the incoming wake-type flow. The present numerical results have shown that the flow instability leads to three-dimensional vortex streets, whose frequency, phase as well as the strength vary with the span caused by the local nonuniformity. The vortex dislocations are generated in the nonuniform region and the large-scale chain-like vortex linkage structures in the dislocations are shown. The generation and the characteristics of the vortex dislocations are described in detail.

Studies on the phase diagram of the surfactant/1-pentanol water ternary system I: The isotropic phases

The phase diagram of the dodecyl dimethyl ammonium hydroxyl propyl sulfonate(DDAHPS)/1-pentanol(C5H11OH)/water ternary system has been established. It contains two isotropic monophase regions (L-1 and L-2) and a liquid crystalline region (L.C.). The isotropic phase regions have been investigated by means of Raman spectroscopy and conductivity.

Structure of Vortex Dislocations in a Wake-type Flow

Structure and dynamical processes of vortex dislocations in a kind of wake-type flow are described clearly by vortex lines, which are directly constructed from data of three-dimensional direct numerical simulations of the flow evolution.

Shock-Induced Near-Wall Two-Phase Flow Structure Over a Micron-Sized Particles Bed

The present paper studies numerical modelling of near-wall two-phase flows induced by a normal shock wave moving at a constant speed, over a micronsized particles bed. In this two-fluid model, the possibility of particle trajectory intersection is considered and a full Lagrangian formulation of the dispersed phase is introduced. The finiteness of the Reynolds and Mach numbers of the flow around a particle as well as the fineness of the particle sizes are taken into account in describing the interactions between the carrier- and dispersed- phases. For the small mass-loading ratio case, the numerical simulation of flow structure of the two phases is implemented and the profiles of the particle number density are obtained under the constant-flux condition on the wall. The effects of the shock Mach number and the particle size and material density on particle entrainment motion are discussed in detail.The obtained results indicate that interphase non-equilibrium in the velocity and temperature is a common feature for this type of flows and a local particle accumulation zone may form near the envelope of the particle trajectory family.

Low-Dimensional Dynamical Systems for a Wake-Type Shear Flow with Vortex Dislocations

Low-dimensional systems are constructed to investigate dynamics of vortex dislocations in a wake-type shear flow. High-resolution direct numerical simulations are employed to obtain flow snapshots from which the most energetic modes are extracted using proper orthogonal decomposition (POD). The first 10 modes are classified into two groups. One represents the general characteristics of two-dimensional wake-type shear flow, and the other is related to the three-dimensional properties or non-uniform characteristics along the span. Vortex dislocations are generated by these two kinds of coherent structures. The results from the first 20 three-dimensional POD modes show that the low- dimensional systems have captured the basic properties of the wake-type shear flow with vortex dislocation, such as two incommensurable frequencies and their beat frequency.

Investigation of Mn-Implanted n-Si by Low-Energy Ion Beam Deposition

Mn ions were implanted to n-type Si(0 0 1) single crystal by low-energy ion beam deposition technique with an energy of 1000 eV and a dose of 7.5 x 10^{17} cm^{-2}. The samples were held at room temperature and at 300degreesC during implantation. Auger electron spectroscopy depth profiles of samples indicate that the Mn ions reach deeper in the sample implanted at 300degreesC than in the sample implanted at room temperature. X-ray diffraction measurements show that the structure of the sample implanted at room temperature is amorphous while that of the sample implanted at 300degreesC is crystallized. There are no new phases found except silicon both in the two samples. Atomic force microscopy images of samples indicate that the sample implanted at 300degreesC has island-like humps that cover the sample surface while there is no such kind of characteristic in the sample implanted at room temperature. The magnetic properties of samples were investigated by alternating gradient magnetometer (AGM). The sample implanted at 300degreesC shows ferromagnetic behavior at room temperature.

Magnetic Properties of Mn-Implanted n-Type Ge

Mn+ ions were implanted into n-type Ge(111) single crystal at room temperature at an energy of 100 keV with a dose of 3 x 1016 cm-2. Subsequent annealing was performed on the samples at 400 °C and 600 °C in a flowing nitrogen atmosphere. The magnetic properties of the samples have been investigated by alternating gradient magnetometer at room temperature. The compositional properties of the annealed samples were studied by Auger electron spectroscopy and the structural properties were analyzed by X-ray diffraction measurements. Magnetization measurements reveal room-temperature ferromagnetism for the annealed samples. The magnetic analysis supported by compositional and structural properties indicates that forming the diluted magnetic semiconductor (DMS) MnxGe1-x after annealing may account for the ferromagnetic behavior in the annealed samples.

Quantifying Cell Binding Kinetics Mediated By Surface-Bound Blood Type B Antigen To Immobilized Antibodies

Cell adhesion is crucial to many biological processes, such as inflammatory responses, tumor metastasis and thrombosis formation. Recently a commercial surface plasmon resonance (SPR)-based BIAcore biosensor has been extended to determine cell binding mediated by surface-bound biomolecular interactions. How such cell binding is quantitatively governed by kinetic rates and regulating factors, however, has been poorly understood. Here we developed a novel assay to determine the binding kinetics of surface-bound biomolecular interactions using a commercial BIAcore 3000 biosensor. Human red blood cells (RBCs) presenting blood group B antigen and CM5 chip bearing immobilized anti-B monoclonal antibody (mAb) were used to obtain the time courses of response unit, or sensorgrams, when flowing RBCs over the chip surface. A cellular kinetic model was proposed to correlate the sensorgrams with kinetic rates. Impacts of regulating factors, such as cell concentration, flow duration and rate, antibody-presenting level, as well as pH value and osmotic pressure of suspending medium were tested systematically, which imparted the confidence that the approach can be applied to kinetic measurements of cell adhesion mediated by surface-bound biomolecular interactions. These results provided a new insight into quantifying cell binding using a commercial SPR-based BIAcore biosensor.

Transmission Electron Microscopy Characterization of Laser Welding Cast Ni-Based Superalloy K418 Turbo Disk And Alloy Steel 42Crmo Shaft

Microstructure characterization is important for controlling the quality of laser welding. In the present work, a detailed microstructure characterization by transmission electron microscopy was carried out on the laser welding cast Ni-based superalloy K418 turbo disk and alloy steel 42CrMo shaft and an unambiguous identification of phases in the weldment was accomplished. It was found that there are gamma-FeCrNiC austenite solid solution dendrites as the matrix, (Nb, Ti) C type MC carbides, fine and dispersed Ni-3 Al gamma' phase as well as Laves particles in the interdendritic region of the seam zone. A brief discussion was given for their existence based on both kinetic and thermodynamic principles. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

FexSi grown with mass-analyzed low-energy dual ion beam deposition

Heavily iron-implanted silicon was prepared by mass-analyzed low-energy dual ion beam deposition technique. Auger electron spectroscopy depth profiles indicate that iron ions are shallowly implanted into the single-crystal silicon substrate and formed 35 nm thick FexSi films. X-ray diffraction measurements show that as-implanted sample is amorphous and the structure of crystal is partially restored after as-implanted sample was annealed at 400degreesC. There are no new phases formed. Carrier concentration depth profile of annealed sample was measured by Electrochemical C-V method and indicated that FexSi film shows n-type conductivity while silicon substrate is p-type. The p-n junction is formed between FexSi film and silicon substrate showing rectifying effect. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Lattice type of fracture model for concrete

Concrete is usually described as a three-phase material, where matrix, aggregate and interface zones are distinguished. The beam lattice model has been applied widely by many investigators to simulate fracture processes in concrete. Due to the extremely large computational effort, however, the beam lattice model faces practical difficulties. In our investigation, a new lattice called generalized beam (GB) lattice is developed to reduce computational effort. Numerical experiments conducted on a panel subjected to uniaxial tension show that the GB lattice model can reproduce the load-displacement curves and crack patterns in agreement to what are observed in tests. Moreover, the effects of the particle overlay on the fracture process are discussed in detail. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.