关于磁流体力学激波稳定性理论的几个问题

本文讨论一类特殊的MHD激波的稳定性问题(或进化性问题),即此激波与二维斜入射小扰动波的相互作用问题。相当于推广气动力学激波的结果,过去的稳定性理论,即一维小扰动波与MHD激波相互作用的结果是,只有快激波与慢激波是稳定的,中间激波不稳定。本文的结果是:当小扰动波为Alfvén波时,得到与激波前后参数有关的新的稳定条件。当小扰动波为熵波与快、慢磁声波时,则稳定条件还与小扰动波的频率有关。并且作为一种极限情形,取垂直入射(反射、折射)时,快激波与慢激波都不稳定。本文计算还表明,一文的结论不能应用于激波稳定性理论。

The mechanism of energy storage by shearing the solar magnetic field

In this paper, a complete set of MHD equations have been solved by numerical calculations in an attempt to study the dynamical evolutionary processes of the initial equilibrium configuration and to discuss the energy storage mechanism of the solar atmosphere by shearing the magnetic field. The initial equilibrium configuration with an arch bipolar potential field obtained from the numerical solution is similar to the configuration in the vicinity of typical solar flare before its eruption. From the magnetic induction equation in the set of MHD equations and dealing with the non-linear coupling effects between the flow field and magnetic field, the quantitative relationship has been derived for their dynamical evolution. Results show that plasma shear motion at the bottom of the solar atmosphere causes the magnetic field to shear; meanwhile the magnetic field energy is stored in local regions. With the increase of time the local magnetic energy increases and it may reach an order of 4×10^25 J during a day. Thus the local storage of magnetic energy is large enough to trigger a big solar flare and can be considered as the energy source of solar flares. The energy storage mechanism by shearing the magnetic field can well explain the slow changes in solar active regions.

A hall dynamo model for the reversed field pinch

A mechanism for the reversed field pinch (RFP) dynamo is proposed, based on the nonlinear Hall effect of a saturated helical MHD instability. The sign and magnitude of the effect are shown to be those required for the RFP dynamo. Predictions of the model are in accord with RFP fluctuation measurements.

太阳风动量涨落激发磁层亚暴的机制

本文将太阳风涨落传输能量产生磁层亚暴的机制推广到无碰撞等离子体过程。太阳风的涨落在磁层顶激发压缩阿尔文波,并在磁尾的无碰撞等离子体中传播。尾瓣中满足条件β<<1,而等离子体片中β≥1,其中β为等离子体压力与磁压之比。这样,快磁声波在尾瓣中几乎不衰减,而在等离子体片中很快衰减,将波动能量耗散在等离子体片中使等离子体加热或者粒子加速。这种机制还表明,磁尾等离子体片中的高能粒子可以由太阳风涨落动能耗散而被加速,不一定是直接源于太阳。

Effects of Thermocapillary Convection on the Growth Process in Industrial 8-inch Silicon Czochralski Growth

Czochralski (CZ) crystal growth process is a widely used technique in manufacturing of silicon crystals and other semiconductor materials. The ultimate goal of the IC industry is to have the highest quality substrates, which are free of point defect, impurities and micro defect clusters. The scale up of silicon wafer size from 200 mm to 300 mm requires large crucible size and more heat power. Transport phenomena in crystal growth processes are quite complex due to melt and gas flows that may be oscillatory and/or turbulent, coupled convection and radiation, impurities and dopant distributions, unsteady kinetics of the growth process, melt crystal interface dynamics, free surface and meniscus, stoichiometry in the case of compound materials. A global model has been developed to simulate the temperature distribution and melt flow in an 8-inch system. The present program features the fluid convection, magnetohydrodynamics, and radiation models. A multi-zone method is used to divide the Cz system into different zones, e.g., the melt, the crystal and the hot zone. For calculation of temperature distribution, the whole system inside the stainless chamber is considered. For the convective flow, only the melt is considered. The widely used zonal method divides the surface of the radiation enclosure into a number of zones, which has a uniform distribution of temperature, radiative properties and composition. The integro-differential equations for the radiative heat transfer are solved using the matrix inversion technique. The zonal method for radiative heat transfer is used in the growth chamber, which is confined by crystal surface, melt surface, heat shield, and pull chamber. Free surface and crystal/melt interface are tracked using adaptive grid generation. The competition between the thermocapillary convection induced by non-uniform temperature distributions on the free surface and the forced convection by the rotation of the crystal determines the interface shape, dopant distribution, and striation pattern. The temperature gradients on the free surface are influenced by the effects of the thermocapillary force on the free surface and the rotation of the crystal and the crucible.

配置环形线电极的单极机中的磁流体力学流动

给出配置了环形线电极的单极机中的磁流体力学解析解.由于问题是线性的,求解可简化为基本解的叠加,可利用单极机在两个区域中的基本解的衔接来求得解析解.讨论了基本解的性质.利用非完全电极可改善Hartmann边界层、增加装置中的质量流量.应用基本解讨论了连续电极的单极机.

湖南产尖吻蝮蛇蛇毒出血毒素性质和溶液构象的研究

经sephadex G-75凝胶过滤、QAE-Sephadex A-50和CM-Sephadex C-25离子交换步骤,从湖南产尖吻蝮（Deinagkistrodon acutus）蛇毒中纯化出两个出血毒素,被命名为HaHT-1和HaHT-2。用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳（PAGE）和SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳鉴定呈单一的蛋白染色带。两个出血毒素的分子量相同,均为 23.5kDa。等电聚焦电泳测定它们的等电点分别为5.6和5.2。HaHT-1和HaHT-2均具有较强的出血活性（MHD分别为0.5和0.8μg）,都有酪蛋白水解活力,无精氨酸酯酶、胆碱酯酶和磷脂酶A_2活力。用CD谱测定HaHT-l和HaHT-2的溶液构象,HaHT-1的α-螺旋、β-折叠和无规卷曲分别为36.9％、35.5％和27.6％,而HaHT-2的α-螺旋、β-折叠和无规卷曲分别为23.4％、31.3％和45.3％。pH的变化对它们构象有影响,在pH2-11范围内,酸性比碱性大。随着酸性或碱性的增加其α-螺旋含量减少,无规卷曲增加,β-折叠结构变化不大。

湖南尖吻蝮(D. acutus)蛇毒出血毒素的纯化、性质和溶液构象研究

通过Sephadex G-75凝胶过滤，QAE-Sephadex A-50和CM_Sephadex C-25离子交换的步骤，我们从湖南产尖吻蝮(Dienagkistrodon acutus)蛇毒中纯化出两个出血毒素，分别称之为DaHT-1和DaHT-2。在聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(PAGE)和SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳中均呈单一蛋白带，显示两个出血毒素皆为电泳纯。DaHT-1和DaHT-2的分子量相同，都为23,500道尔顿，具有相似的氨基酸组成，其中酸性氨基酸(Asx和GLx)分别占23%和24%。经等电聚焦(IEF)测得它们的等电点分别为5.6和5.2。两个出血毒素具有较强的出血活性(MHD分别为0.5和0.8μg)，都具蛋白水解酶活力，无精氨酸水解酶和PLA~2活性，但蛋白水解酶活性与出血活性并非正相关。DaHT-1，DaHT-2的最适温度分别为35 ℃，40 ℃；最适pH为6-9。对热不稳定，温度变高于60 ℃，活性完全丧失。在中性和碱性条件下稳定，在酸性条件下不稳定，pH<3，出血活性丧失。EDTA完全抑制，半胱氨酸部分抑制它们的出血活性，表明两个出血毒素都是依赖金属离子的蛋白酶，且二硫键对其活性是必需的。金属离子的分析表明每摩尔毒蛋白大约含0.5摩尔的Zn，1摩尔的Ca，较多的Na，K。Mg，不含Co。两者是糖蛋白，含糖总量分别为11%和7%。用远紫外CD谱探讨DaHT-1和DaHT-2的溶液构象所得DaHT-1的α-螺旋，β-折叠和无规卷曲分别为36.9%，27.6%和31.4%；DaHT-2的α-螺旋，β-折迭和无规卷曲分别为23.4%，37.3%和45.3%。随着pH的增大或减少，DaHT-1和DaHT-2的峰位蓝移，在酸性条件下的变化比在碱性条件下大，计算表明：α-螺旋减少，无规卷曲增多，β-折迭基本未变。温度的影响和pH相似，50 ℃时峰位蓝移，α-螺旋减少，无规卷曲增多。EDTA对其影响很大，0.02M EDTA便导致两个出血毒素呈极度的无序状态。

Effects of Magnetohydrodynamic Interaction-Zone Position on Shock-Wave/Boundary-Layer Interaction

A third-order weighted essentially nonoscillatory and non-free-parameter difference scheme magnetohydrodynamic solver has been established to investigate the mechanisms of magnetohydrodynamics controlling separation induced by an oblique shock wave impinging on a flat plate. The effects of magnetohydrodynamic interaction-zone location on the separation point, reattachment point, separation-bubble size, and boundary-layer velocity profiles are analyzed. The results show that there exists a best location for the magnetohydrodynamic zone to be applied, where the separation point is delayed the farthest, and the separation bubble is decreased up to about 50% in size compared to the case without magnetohydrodynamic control, which demonstrated the promising of magnetohydrodynamics suppressing the separation induced by shock-wave/boundary-layer interactions.

等离子体电弧炉内流动与传热数值模拟

本文采用磁流体动力学(MHD)模型对直流等离子体自由燃烧电弧和电弧炉内部的流动与传热进行了数值模拟研究. 通过对基于磁矢量势描述的电磁场方程组和流体力学方程组的耦合迭代计算, 求解得到了流体的温度场和速度场等, 计算结果清晰地反映出等离子体电弧的高温阴极射流现象, 并与同行的实验和数值结果进行了对比. 本模拟方法和结果对于电弧炉的工业应用和优化设计有重要的指导意义.

维持性血液透析患者认知功能特点研究

Objective: To study the episodic memory, semantic memory, cognitive planning ability and inhibition ability in MHD patients. Method: Neuropsychological research methods such as Action memory of verb-object phrase, Trail Making Test (A and B), Verbal Fluency Test, Go-No/Go test and Stroop Color Naming Task were used to investigate Episodic Memory 、Semantic Memory、Executive Function of 40 MHD and 40 NC. Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), Self-Rating Depression Scale(SDS), Social Support Scale, Life Satisfaction Scale, and biochemical examination were applied and their relationships with cognitive function were analized. The mean age and education level of MHD group and NC group have no significant difference. Result: 1.Action memory of verb-object phrase differed significantly between MHD group and NC group. 2.Two tests of Verbal Fluency differed significantly between MHD group and NC group. 3.Trail Making Test A, Trail Making Test B, the baseline condition of Go-No/Go Test and Stroop Color Naming Test differed significantly between MHD group and NC group. 4.There is no significant difference between MHD group and NC group on the correct rate of No/Go Test and the baseline condition. Both groups showed Stroop Effect in Go-No/Go test, but MHD group performed significantly worse. 5.In Stroop Color Naming Task Test, NC group showed Stroop Effect, significant Repeated Distraction Promotion Effect and significant Negative Priming Effect,while MHD group showed only Stroop Effect and no Repeated Distraction Promotion Effect and no Negative Priming Effect. There is significant difference in Stroop Effect between MHD group and NC group. Conclusion: 1.Comparing with NC group, episodic memory, semantic memory, cognitive planning ability, and inhibition ability of MHD group were impaired significantly. 2.The pathological aging of Executive Function in MHD group showed: executive Function should be a unitary system. 3.Cognitive impairment is negatively correlated with serum creatinine, blood pressure and anxiety score in MHD patients; and is related with hemoglobin, hematocrit, social support and life satisfaction. Keyword: maintenance hemodialysis, episodic memory, semantic memory, cognitive planning, inhibition ability.