Production of highly charged ion beams with SECRAL

Superconducting electron cyclotron resonance ion source with advanced design in Lanzhou (SECRAL) is an all-superconducting-magnet electron cyclotron resonance ion source (ECRIS) for the production of intense highly charged ion beams to meet the requirements of the Heavy Ion Research Facility in Lanzhou (HIRFL). To further enhance the performance of SECRAL, an aluminum chamber has been installed inside a 1.5 mm thick Ta liner used for the reduction of x-ray irradiation at the high voltage insulator. With double-frequency (18+14.5 GHz) heating and at maximum total microwave power of 2.0 kW, SECRAL has successfully produced quite a few very highly charged Xe ion beams, such as 10 e mu A of Xe37+, 1 e mu A of Xe43+, and 0.16 e mu A of Ne-like Xe44+. To further explore the capability of the SECRAL in the production of highly charged heavy metal ion beams, a first test run on bismuth has been carried out recently. The main goal is to produce an intense Bi31+ beam for HIRFL accelerator and to have a feel how well the SECRAL can do in the production of very highly charged Bi beams. During the test, though at microwave power less than 3 kW, more than 150 e mu A of Bi31+, 22 e mu A of Bi41+, and 1.5 e mu A of Bi50+ have been produced. All of these results have again demonstrated the great capability of the SECRAL source. This article will present the detailed results and brief discussions to the production of highly charged ion beams with SECRAL.

Immobilized metal-ion chelating capillary microreactor for peptide mapping analysis of proteins by matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight-mass spectrometry

Peptide mass mapping analysis, utilizing a regenerable enzyme microreactor with metal-ion chelated adsorption of enzyme, combined with matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight-mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) was developed. Different procedures from the conventional approaches were adopted to immobilize the chelator onto the silica supports, that is, the metal chelating agent of iminodiacetic acid (IDA) was reacted with glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane (GLYMO) before its immobilization onto the inner wall of the fused-silica capillary pretreated with NH4HF2. The metal ion of copper and subsequently enzyme was specifically adsorbed onto the surface to form the immobilized enzyme capillary microreactor, which was combined with MALDI-TOF-MS to apply for the mass mapping analysis of nL amounts of protein samples. The results revealed that the peptide mapping could routinely be generated from 0.5 pmol protein sample in 15 min at 50degreesC, even 20 fmol cytochrome c could be well digested and detected.

Trends in heavy metal levels in the dissolved and particulate phase in the Dutch rhine-meuse (MAAS) delta*

Levels of the heavy metals Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb and Zn, in both the dissolved and particulate phase, were determined in two sampling campaigns in August 1978 and August 1984 in the Dutch Rhine-Meuse (Maas) Delta. Besides the heavy metal concentrations, other important parameters were determined, such as the concentrations of seston, chlorophyll and nutrients. The concentrations of dissolved Cd and of Cd, Pb and Cu in particulate matter were much higher in 1978 than in 1984, especially for Cd. This may be due to the strict regulations implemented in Germany to reduce the pollution of natural waters by heavy metals. The correlation between the high Cd content and the chlorophyll content is explained by the binding of Cd to living and dead organisms. The distribution of the metals between the dissolved and the particulate phase, indicated by the distribution quotient Kd , increases from low values of Kd for Cu and Zn, to higher values for Cd and Cr, and the highest values for Pb. The differences are explained by various binding forms of each of these metals in natural waters

Synthesis and Metal-ion Binding Properties of New N2S4O2- and N2S5O2-Donor Macrocycles

Synthetic procedures for new mixed-donor macrocycle compounds were reported. The macrocyclic compounds were used in solvent extraction metal picrates such as Ag+, Hg2+, Cd2+, Zn2+, Cu2+, Ni2+, Mn2+, Pb2+, and Co2+. The metal picrate extractions were investigated at 25±0.1°C with the aid of UV-visible spectrometry. It was found that 6,7,9,10,12,13,23,24-octahydro-19H,26Hdibenzo[h,t](1,4,7,13,16,22,10,19) dioxatetrathiadiazasiclotetracosine-20,27(21H,28H)-dione showed selectivity towards Ag+, Hg2+, and Cd2+ among the other metals. The extraction constants (Log Kex) and complex compositions were determined for the Ag+ and Hg2+ complexes for this compound and 9,10,12,13,23,24,26,27,29,30-decahydro-5H,15H-dibenzo-[h,w][1,4,7,13,16,19,25-,10,22] dioxapentathiadiazacycloheptacosine-6,16(7H,17H)-dione.

Spatial distribution of soil heavy metal pollution estimated by different interpolation methods: Accuracy and uncertainty analysis

Mapping the spatial distribution of contaminants in soils is the basis of pollution evaluation and risk control. Interpolation methods are extensively applied in the mapping processes to estimate the heavy metal concentrations at unsampled sites. The performances of interpolation methods (inverse distance weighting, local polynomial, ordinary kriging and radial basis functions) were assessed and compared using the root mean square error for cross validation. The results indicated that all interpolation methods provided a high prediction accuracy of the mean concentration of soil heavy metals. However, the classic method based on percentages of polluted samples, gave a pollution area 23.54-41.92% larger than that estimated by interpolation methods. The difference in contaminated area estimation among the four methods reached 6.14%. According to the interpolation results, the spatial uncertainty of polluted areas was mainly located in three types of region: (a) the local maxima concentration region surrounded by low concentration (clean) sites, (b) the local minima concentration region surrounded with highly polluted samples; and (c) the boundaries of the contaminated areas. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.