Enthalpy/entropy compensation: Influence of DNA flanking sequence on the binding of 7-amino actinomycin D to its primary binding site in short DNA duplexes

The effect of the context of the flanking sequence on ligand binding to DNA oligonucleotides that contain consensus binding sites was investigated for the binding of the intercalator 7-amino actinomycin D. Seven self-complementary DNA oligomers each containing a centrally located primary binding site, 5'-A-G-C-T-3', flanked on either side by the sequences (AT)(n) or (AA)(n) (with n = 2, 3, 4) and AA(AT)(2), were studied. For different flanking sequences, (AA)(n)-series or (AT)(n)-series, differential fluorescence enhancements of the ligand due to binding were observed. Thermodynamic studies indicated that the flanking sequences not only affected DNA stability and secondary structure but also modulated ligand binding to the primary binding site. The magnitude of the ligand binding affinity to the primary site was inversely related to the sequence dependent stability. The enthalpy of ligand binding was directly measured by isothermal titration calorimetry, and this made it possible to parse the binding free energy into its energetic and entropic terms.

Mixing enthalpy and phase behavior of PEO/PVAc blends

Phase behaviors and heats of mixing of the miscible blends of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) and poly(vinyl acetate) (PVAc) with different molecular weights were investigated by DSC. A method proposed by Natasohn and Ebert et al. was adopted to estimate the binodal temperatures and the enthalpies of mixing from onset temperatures and values of areas of a series of endothermic peaks (corresponding to heats of demixing), respectively, in their heating scanning thermograms obtained with different heating rates. Phase diagrams and heats of mixing of this blending system were also predicted by using Sanchez-Lacombe lattice fluid theory. A very good agreement was obtained for both. phase behaviors and heats of mixing obtained with two different methods.

The effect of structural parameters on the enthalpy relaxation of an inorganic glass (Li2O center dot 2SiO(2))

The structural relaxation process of an inorganic glass (Li2O . 2SiO(2)) at an ageing temperature of 703 K for an ageing time of 1 h has been studied by differential scanning calorimetry. A four-parameter model-the Tool-Narayanaswamy-Moynihan (TNM)-model was applied to simulate the normalized specific heat curve measured. A set of optimized parameters, Delta h*/R,beta,InA, and x was obtained. Then the effects of variation of each adjustable parameter on the calculated specific heat were summarized. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science S.A.

PHYSICAL AGING OF HIGH-PERFORMANCE THERMOPLASTICS - ENTHALPY RELAXATION IN PEK-C AND PES-C

The developments of physical aging in phenolphthalein poly(aryl-ether-ketone) (PEK-C) and poly(aryl-ether-sulfone) (PES-C) with time at two aging temperatures up to 20 K below their respective glass transition temperatures (T-g = 495 and 520 K) have been studied using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Substantial relaxation within the aging course of several hours were observed by detecting T-g decreasing during physical aging process at the two aging temperatures. The relaxation processes of both polymers are extremely nonlinear and self-retarding. The time dependencies of their enthalpies during the initial stages of annealing were approximately modeled using the Narayanaswamy-Tool model. The structure relaxation parameters obtained from this fitting were used to predict the possibility of physical aging occurring at their respective using temperatures. (C) 1995 John Wiley and Sons, Inc.

Heat capacity and enthalpy of fusion of fenoxycarb

Fenoxycarb was synthesized and its heat capacities were precisely measured with an automated adiabatic calorimeter over the temperature range from 79 to 360 K. The sample was observed to melt at (326.31 +/- 0.14) K. The molar enthalpy and entropy of fusion as well as the chemical purity of the compound were determined to be (26.98 +/- 0.04) kJ-mol(-1), (82.69 +/- 0.09) J-K-1-mol(-1) and 99.53% +/- 0.01%, respectively. The thermodynamic functions relative to the reference temperature (298.15 K) were calculated based on the heat capacity measurements in the temperature range between 80 and 360 K. The extrapolated melting temperature for the absolutely pure compound obtained from fractional melting experiments was (326.62 +/- 0.06) K. Further research on the melting process of this compound was carried out by means of differential scanning calorimetry technique. The result was in agreement with that obtained from the measurements of heat capacities.

Oxyhydrogen combustion and detonation driven shock tube

The performance of combustion driver ignited by multi-spark plugs distributed along axial direction has been analysed and tested. An improved ignition method with three circumferential equidistributed ignitors at main diaphragm has been presented, by which the produced incident shock waves have higher repeatability, and better steadiness in the pressure, temperature and velocity fields of flow behind the incident shock, and thus meets the requirements of aerodynamic experiment. The attachment of a damping section at the end of the driver can eliminate the high reflection pressure produced by detonation wave, and the backward detonation driver can be employed to generate high enthalpy and high density test flow. The incident shock wave produced by this method is well repeated and with weak attenuation. The reflection wave caused by the contracted section at the main diaphragm will weaken the unfavorable effect of rarefaction wave behind the detonation wave, which indicates that the forward detonation driver can be applied in the practice. For incident shock wave of identical strength, the initial pressure of the forward detonation driver is about 1 order of magnitude lower than that of backward detonation.

正向爆轰驱动高焓激波风洞的数值模拟

对充满氢氧可燃气体、带扩容腔的正向爆轰驱动的激波风洞进行了数值模拟.计算采用了欧拉方程,频散可控耗散差分格式(DCD)和改进的二阶段化学反应模型.在扩容腔附近采用二维轴对称计算模型,而在驱动段和被驱动段的直管道部分则采用一维计算模型.本文分析了爆轰波在管道中的传播、反射和绕射过程.计算结果表明扩容腔的尺寸对爆轰波的传播、反射、汇聚等起着决定性的作用;带扩容腔的正向爆轰驱动的激波风洞能够得到平稳的持续时间较长的气流,提高了实验的精确度和可重复性.

粘性相互作用对高焓激波风洞实验段自由流静压测量影响的分析

通过理论分析、实验测量和数值模拟，研究高超声速粘性相互作用对实验段自由流静压测量的影响。研究表明：由于粘性相互作用，高焓激波风洞实验段平板静压测量值远高于实际自由流静压。在热化学非平衡流情况下，经典的粘性相互作用参数和经验公式具有局限性。

Numerical simulation of temperature field evolution of metallic alloy surface due to pulsed laser treatment

This paper performed a numerical simulation on temperature field evolution for the surface layer of a metallic alloy subjected to pulsed Nd:YAG laser treatment. The enthalpy method was adopted to solve the moving boundary problem, I.e. Stefan problem. Computational results were obtained to show the temperature field evolution. Effects of latent heat and mushy zone width on the temperature field were investigated. The results also show very high values of temperature gradient and cooling rate, which are typical characteristics during the solidification process.

爆轰驱动高焓激波膨胀管性能研究

介绍了中国科学院高温气体动力学实验室JF-16爆轰驱动高焓激波膨胀管的研制进展及其性能测试结果.性能研究主要测量了入射激波速度和压力曲线.根据入射激波速度,应用Mirels的黏性激波管理论计算了超高速试验气流的运动速度,然后应用Gaseq软件计算了试验气流的热力学参数.研究结果表明：在16.35 m长的JF-16激波膨胀管中获得了流速7000 m/s以上的稳定试验气流,试验时间为50～100μs,试验气流总焓30MJ/kg左右.

高焓膨胀波管的气动实验

该研究简报介绍了用膨胀波管产生高超声速气流的实验结果。用压力传感器测量了激波管内的激波速度，用激光全息摄影拍摄了飞船返回舱模型吹风时的激波形状，证实了在膨胀波管中建立了可用的流动条件。

激波管双爆轰驱动段性能的数值模拟研究

采用频散可控的耗散格式(DCD),求解Euler方程和一种改进的二阶段化学反应模型,对氢氧反向-正向双爆轰驱动段激波管进行了数值模拟.计算结果表明:当辅驱动段与主驱动段初始压力比小于临界值时,Taylor波仍会出现,但波扇夹角较单一前向爆轰驱动段小,入射激波马赫数衰减率变小;当初始压力比等于临界值时,主驱动段中的Taylor波完全被消除,入射激波马赫数不再衰减.当初始压力比大于临界值时,在主驱动段中能产生过驱动爆轰波,不仅Taylor波被完全消除,而且驱动能力较单一前向爆轰驱动段强

高焓激波风洞自由流参数测量的数值重建

高焓风洞中参数测量本身受到高温非平衡效应影响,单纯依靠实验测量不足以确定详细的风洞自由流参数.本文以JF-10高焓激波风洞为背景,通过喷管-试验段-测量仪模型非平衡流场的连贯计算,开展自由流参数测量的数值重建.在比较分析测量仪模型绕流场的计算结果和实验测量值的基础上,结合喷管流场的数值模拟结果,共同确定高焓风洞的详细自由流参数.