MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA POLYMORPHISM IN NATURAL-POPULATIONS OF DROSOPHILA-ALBOMICANS(I)

The technique of mtDNA restriction fragments length polymorphism (RFLP) was used to survey the population structure of D. albomicans. Remarkable mtDNA polymorphism has been observed in D. albomicans populations. A total of 34 nucleomorphs were detected from 82 isofemale lines assayed by only 8 restriction enzymes. The cause and the effect of this phenomenon were discussed. As a result, it is suggested that a mechanism which maintains mtDNA diversity exists in this fly, and that the high intra-populational polymorphism could numerically conceal the extent of differentiation between populations. In addition, on the base of restriction maps, it was found that the mtDNA molecule of D. albomicans might be impacted by the selection pressure during its evolution process both on the nucleotide composition and on the functional regions.

恒河猴睾丸内激素调控的离体研究 I.恒河猴睾丸Leydig细胞的离体培养及激素分泌的研究

为了研究恒河猴睾丸的激素分泌及其调节作用，作者发展了一种简便分离睾丸Ｌｅｙｄｉｇ细胞和用无血清培养的实验模型，研究了人绒毛膜促性腺激素（ｈＣＧ）、恒河猴绒毛膜促性腺激素（ｍＣＧ）、环磷酸腺苷（ｃＡＭＰ）、Ｆｏｒｓｋｏｌｉｎ和雌二醇（Ｅ２）对睾丸Ｌｅｙｄｉｇ细胞激素分泌的影响。结果显示离体的Ｌｅｙｄｉｇ细胞对低剂量同源的ｍＣＧ和异源的ｈＣＧ产生睾酮都有依赖反应，而高剂量的前者对Ｌｅｙｄｉｇ细胞分泌睾酮有明显的抑制作用，后者不出现反向调节；ｃＡＭＰ和Ｆｏｒｓｋｏｌｉｎ对Ｌｅｙｄｉｇ细胞分泌睾酮有刺激作用；雌二醇具有明显抑制ｈＣＧ和ｍＣＧ促睾丸分泌的作用

白化猕猴(Macaca mulatta)的培养研究 I: 白化猴的遗传基础研究

猕猴白化现象的遗传方式是孟德尔分离定律起着支配作用;猕猴白化现象是 属于单基因遗传, 为常染色体隐性遗传白化病。图1参5

大熊猫生殖生物学研究 I:大熊猫发情期血清和尿液中促黄体素、孕酮和17β-二雌二醇含量的变化

放射免疫和生物测定法表明3只大熊猫在发情高峰期均出现雌二醇和促黄体素高峰; LH峰值出现在E_(2)峰值以后。根据雌兽在发情期血清和尿液中这二种激素的变化可为选择人工授精最佳时间提供可靠的理论依据。图2表2参15

竹叶表(Trimeresurus stejnegeri)蛇毒凝血酶样酶的分离纯化及其理化性质的研究

用CM-Sephadex C-25分离竹叶青精毒,再经DEAE-Sephadex A-50和CM-Sephadex C-25纯化得到凝血酶样酶组分I。用DEAE-Sephadex A-50分离竹叶青粗毒,再经DEAE-Sepharose CL-63纯化得到凝血酶样酶组分Ⅱ。经鉴定,组分I在两种泳中均为一条带;组分Ⅱ在两种电泳中为二条带,经切割后鉴定证明组分Ⅱ的二条带都是凝血酶样酶。组分I和组分Ⅱ都是糖蛋白。图7表1参10

墨江蜈蚣与少棘蜈蚣的比较研究. I.化学组成

对墨江蜈蚣(Scolopendra mojiangica) Zhang et Chi)与少棘蜈蚣(S. subspinipes mutilansL. Koch)的化学组成进行了比较分析。它们的蛋白质灼、烧残渣、水分含量基本相同。游离氨基酸挥发性脂肪酸和微量元素的相对含量也很接近, 但脂类和总糖的含量差异较大。

肝素钠的生产及其存在的问题和解决的方法(I)-粗品肝素钠的生产工艺

论述粗品肝素钠生产工艺的各个环节、要点、注意事项、提高产品质量和收率的关键技术,并就目前存在的常见问题进行了探讨,提出了解决的方法。

Intergroup interactions in Tibetan macaques at Mt. Emei, China

Data on intergroup-interactions (I-I) were collected in 5 seasonally provisioned groups (A, B, D, D-1, and E) of Tibetan macaques (Macaca Thibetana) at Mt. Emei in three 70-day periods between 1991 April-June (P1), September-November (P2), December-1992 February (P3). The I-I were categorized as forewarning made by high-ranking males (including Branch Shaking and/or Loud Calls), long-distance interactions in space (specified by changes in their foraging movements), and close encounters (with Affinitive Behavior, Male's Herding Female, Sexual Interaction, Severe Conflict, Adult Male-male Conflict, Opportunistic Advance and Retreat, etc. performed by different age-sex classes). From periods Fl to P3, the I-I rate decreased with reduction in population density as a positive correlate of food clumpedness or the number of potential feeders along a pedestrian trail. On the other hand, from the birth season (BS, represented by P1 and P3) to the mating season (MS, represented by P2) the dominance relation between groups, which produced a winner and a loser in the encounters, became obscure; the proportion of close encounters in the I-I increased; the asymmetry (local groups over intruders) of forewarning signals disappeared; the rate of branch shaking decreased; and sometimes intergroup cohesion appeared. Considering that sexual interactions also occurred between the encountering groups, above changes in intergroup behaviors may be explained with a model of the way in which the competition for food (exclusion) and the sexual attractiveness between opposite sexes were in a dynamic equilibrium among the groups, with the former outweighing the latter in the BS, and conversely in the MS. Females made 93% of severe conflicts, which occurred in 18% of close encounters. Groups fissioned in the recent past shared the same home range, and showed the highest hostility to each other by females. In conspicuous contrast with females' great interest in intergroup food/range competition, adult male-male conflicts that were normally without body contact occurred in 66% bf close encounters; high-ranking male herding of females, which is typical in baboons, appeared in 83% of close encounters, and showed no changes with season and sexual weight-dimorphism; peripheral juvenile and subadult males were the main performers of the affinitive behaviors, opportunistic advance and retreat, and guarding at the border. In brief, all males appeared to "sit on the fence" at the border, likely holding out hope of gaining the favor of females both within and outside the group. Thus, females and males attempted to maximize reproductive values in different ways, just as expected by Darwin-Trivers' theory of sexual selection. In addition, group fission was observed in the largest and highest-ranking group for two times (both in the MS) when its size increased to a certain level, and the mother group kept their dominant position in size and rank among the groups that might encounter, suggesting that fission takes a way of discarding the "superfluous part" in order to balance the cost of competition for food and mates within a group, and the benefit of cooperation to access the resources for animals in the mother group. (C) 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

An improved microtiter assay for evaluating anti-HIV-I neutralizing antibodies from sera or plasma

Background: The anti-HIV-1 neutralizing antibody assay is widely used in AIDS vaccine research and other experimental and clinical studies. The vital dye staining method applied in the detection of anti-HIV-1 neutralizing antibody has been used in many laboratories. However, the unknown factor(s) in sera or plasma affected cell growth and caused protection when the tested sera or plasma was continuously maintained in cell culture. In addition, the poor solubility of neutral red in medium (such as RPMI-1640) also limited the use of this assay. Methods: In this study, human T cell line C8166 was used as host cells, and 3-(4,5-Dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)- 2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) instead of neutral red was used as vital dye. In order to avoid the effect of the unknown factor( s), the tested sera or plasma was removed by a washout procedure after initial 3 - 6 h culture in the assay. Result: This new assay eliminated the effect of the tested sera or plasma on cell growth, improved the reliability of detection of anti-HIV-1 neutralizing antibody, and showed excellent agreement with the p24 antigen method. Conclusion: The results suggest that the improved assay is relatively simple, highly duplicable, cost-effective, and well reliable for evaluating anti-HIV-1 neutralizing antibodies from sera or plasma.