Spatial structure of internal tidal waves generated on weak topographies

The generation of internal gravity waves by barotropic tidal flow passing over a two-dimensional topography is investigated. Rather than calculating the conversion of tidal energy, this study focuses on delineating the geometric characteristics of the spatial structure of the resulting internal wave fields (i.e., the configurations of the internal beams and their horizontal projections) which have usually been ignored. it is found that the various possible wave types can be demarcated by three characteristic frequencies: the tidal frequency, wo; the buoyancy frequency, N; and the vertical component of the Coriolis vector or earth's rotation.f. When different possibilities arising from the sequence of these frequencies are considered, there occur 12 kinds of wave structures in the full 3D space in contrast to the 5 kinds identified by the 2D theory. The constant wave phase lines may form as ellipses or hyperbolic lines on the horizontal plane, provided the buoyancy frequency is greater or less than the tidal frequency. The effect that stems from the consideration of the basic flow is also found, which not only serves as the reason for the occurrence of higtter harmonics but also increases the wave strength in the direction of basic flow. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

The Holocene Asian monsoon: Links to solar changes and North Atlantic climate

IEECAS SKLLQG

Range-based attacks on links in random scale-free networks

Range and load play key roles in the problem of attacks on links in random scale-free (RSF) networks. In this paper we obtain the approximate relation between range and load in RSF networks by the generating function theory, and then give an estimation about the impact of attacks on the efficiency of the network. The results show that short-range attacks are more destructive for RSF networks, and are confirmed numerically.

Geographical constraints to range-based attacks on links in complex networks

In this paper, we studied range-based attacks on links in geographically constrained scale-free networks and found that there is a continuous switching of roles of short-and long-range attacks on links when tuning the geographical constraint strength. Our results demonstrate that the geography has a significant impact on the network efficiency and security; thus one can adjust the geographical structure to optimize the robustness and the efficiency of the networks. We introduce a measurement of the impact of links on the efficiency of the network, and an effective attacking strategy is suggested

Asymmetric heat conduction through a weak link

We study the heat conduction of two nonlinear lattices joined by a weak harmonic link. When the system reaches a steady state, the heat conduction of the system is decided by the tunneling heat flow through the weak link. We present an analytical analysis by the combination of the self-consistent phonon theory and the heat tunneling transport formalism, and then the tunneling heat flow can be obtained. Moreover, the nonequilibrium molecular dynamics simulations are performed and the simulations results are consistent with the analytical predictions.

Preparation and characterization of monolithic columns for capillary electrochromatography with weak electroosmotic flow

Monolithic columns of capillary electrochromatography (CEC) with weak electroosmotic flow (EOF) have been prepared by in situ polymerization of butyl methacrylate and ethylene dimethacrylate, without any charged groups in the reaction mixture. The reproducibility of such columns has been proved good no matter whether they are prepared in the same batch or in different batches. In the case of BMA-EDMA monoliths, besides the traditional ternary mixture - 1-propanol, 1,4-butanediol, and water, binary porogenic solvents with only alcohols have also been adopted. Compared with ternary porogenic solvents, the design with binary ones allows for fine control of the pore diameter and the formation of the specific surface of the monolithic polymers. The composition of porogenic reagents has also been shown to have an effect on EOF in the column systems. In addition, the Joule heat effect in such columns has been studied by varying the inner diameter of columns. Through the separation of acidic compounds, monolithic columns with low EOF have shown potential in the analysis of charged samples.

algorithms for computing weak bisimulation equivalence

IEEE Comp Soc, IFIP, Tianjin Normal Univ

Weak epitaxy growth and phase behavior of planar phthalocyanines on p-sexiphenyl monolayer film

We systematically investigated the weak epitaxy growth (WEG) behavior of a series of planar phthalocyanine compounds (MPc), i.e., metal-free phthalocyanine (H2PC), nickel phthalocyanine (NiPc), copper phthalocyanine (CuPc), zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPc), iron phthalocyanine (FePc); cobalt phthalocyanine (CoPc), grown on a p-sexiphenyl (p-6P) monolayer film by selected area electron diffraction (SAED) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Two types of epitaxial relations, named as incommensurate epitaxy and commensurate epitaxy, were identified between phthalocyanine compounds and the substrate of the p-6P film.