274 resultados para TSV-DM


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Detailed analysis of some difficult aspects has been made from modeling the platemovement. A new method of using differential density of material (instead of differentialtemperature) has been developed in the experiments. The effect of convection of mantleon the plate movement has been studied using a centrifugal technique, and a patternshowing the recurrence of the plate movement has been successfully obtained. In this paper, a criterion De=Dm is presented for the similarity of the model to thecounterpart of the original mantle. According to the criterion, what happens in the modelin a span of ten minutes suggests a process of the "original model" going on in geologi-cal time of three million years.

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将BP神经网络和遗传算法相结合 ,得到一种新的神经网络 ,并将这种神经网络成功用于计算腐蚀管道的剩余强度和最大允许输送压力。通过示例分析 ,得到下面结论 :不同计算方法计算得到的剩余强度和最大允许输送压力相差较大 ,Wes - 2 80 5 - 97规范、ASME -B31G规范、CVDA— 84规范等都比J积分方法计算得到的剩余强度和最大允许输送压力偏大 ;DM断裂力学方法计算得到的剩余强度和最大允许输送压力比J积分偏小 ;J积分方法和基于J积分方法的改进的遗传神经网络方法计算结果比较接近 ,可以认为是计算剩余强度和最大允许输送压力较好的方法

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将BP神经网络和遗传算法相结合 ,得到了一种可计算腐蚀管道剩余强度和最大允许注水压力的新神经网络。通过实例分析 ,将 7种常用规范和改进的遗传神经网络方法进行了比较。结果表明 ,不同计算方法得到的剩余强度和最大允许注水压力相差较大 ,Wes 2 80 5 - 97规范、ASMEB31G规范、CVDA— 84规范、Irwin断裂力学方法等都比J积分方法的剩余强度和最大允许注水压力偏大 ;Burdiken和DM断裂力学方法计算得到的剩余强度和最大允许注水压力比J积分偏小 ;J积分方法和基于J积分方法的改进遗传神经网络方法计算结果比较接近 ,比较适中 ,可以认为是计算管道剩余强度和最大允许注水压力较好的方法

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对目前国内外常用规范进行归纳和总结,得到5种常用方法: ASME—B31G,DM方法,Wes-2805—97,CVDA-84和J积分方法.本文将BP神经网络和遗传算法相结合,得到一种新的神经网络,并将这种神经网络成功用于计算腐蚀管道的剩余强度和最大允许注水压力.通过示例分析,对7种常用规范和本文提出的改进的遗传神经网络方法进行了比较,得到下面结论:不同计算方法计算得到的剩余强度和最大允许注水压力相差较大, Wes-2805-97规范、 ASME—B31G规范、 CVDA-84规范等都比J积分方法计算得到的剩余强度和最大允许注水压力偏大、偏保守; DM断裂力学方法计算得到的剩余强度和最大允许注水压力比J积分偏小、偏危险; J积分方法和基于J积分方法的改进的遗传神经网络方法计算结果比较接近,比较适中,可以认为是计算剩余强度和最大允许注水压力较好的方法.

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In this paper, common criterions about residual strength evaluation at home and abroad are generalized and seven methods are acquired, namely ASME-B31G, DM, Wes-2805-97, CVDA-84, Burdekin, Irwin and J integral methods. BP neural network are Combined with Genetic Algorithm (GA) named by modified BP-GA methods to successfully predict residual strength and critical pressure of injecting water, corrosion pipelines. Examples are shown that calculation results of every kind of method have great difference and calculating values of Wes-2805-97 criterion, ASME-B31G criterion, CVDA-84 criterion and Irwin fracture mechanics model are conservative and higher than, those of J integral methods while calculating values of Burdiken model and DM fracture mechanics model are dangerous and less than those of J integral methods and calculating values of modified BP-GA methods are close and moderate to those of J integral methods. Therefore modified BP-GA methods and J integral methods are considered better methods to calculate residual strength and critical pressure of injecting water corrosion pipelines

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In this paper, an AC plasma arc reactorwithworkinggasofhydrogen is applied to destruct chemicalagents. The temperature attains 6000℃ in the arc area and over 2000℃ in the other space of the crucible. The Arsenic (As) contained chemical agent -Adams (DM) used in the experiment, was added into the plasmareactorwith the additives: Fe, CaO, and SiO_2, etc. Pyrolysis and destructionofchemicalagents occurs very quickly in the high-temperature reactor. Gaseous hydrogen was injected into the reactor to form a reductive environment, to reduce the formation of As_2O_3 etc. In the bottom of the crucible, the solid residues of toxicant and additives were melted and formed as vitrified slag. The off-gas was treated by a wet scrubber. The amounts of arsenic distributed in the off-gas, vitrified slag, waste water and solids (soot) were measured. The result shows DM is completely destructed in the plasmareactor. The Arsenic content in the off-gas, vitrified slag, waste water and soot are 0.052 mg/l, 3.0%, 10.44 mg/l, and 5.1% respectively, which will be disposed as the pollutant matters. The results show that the plasma technology is an environmentally friendly technology to destruct chemicals.

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The transient evolution processes and steady outputs of continuous wave lasing without inversion (LWI) and self-pulsing LWI in a resonant open V type three-level system are studied. It was found that the two kinds of LWI have some obvious differences not only from the steady outputs but also from the transient evolution processes. The effects of the unsaturated gain coefficient, cavity loss coefficient, ratio of the atomic injection rates and atomic exit rate on the transient evolution processes and steady outputs are discussed.

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A comprehensive study on the thermal stability and spectroscopic properties of Er3+/Yb3+-codoped Al(PO3)(3)-based fluorophosphate glasses is reported of the 1.5μ m fibre amplifiers in this paper. From optical absorption spectra, the Judd-Ofelt parameters of Er3+ in the glasses and several important optical properties, such as the radiative transition probability, the branching ratio and the spontaneous emission probability, have been calculated by using Judd-Ofelt theory. The fluorophosphate glass exhibits broadband near-infrared emission at 1.53μ m with a full width at half-maximum over 63nm, and a large calculated stimulated-emission cross-section of 6.85 x 10(-21)cm(2).

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利用RNAi改良大豆油脂品质 大豆[Glycine max (L.) Merr.]起源于中国,栽培历史悠久,是重要的粮食作物, 同时也是植物油和蛋白的重要来源。随着经济的发展和生活水平的提高,人们不但对大豆的需求量大大增加,同时对大豆的品质也提出了更高的要求。近年来,我国大豆进口量逐年攀升,已远远超过本国生产量。国外转抗除草剂转基因大豆大面积种植大大降低了生产成本,直接影响了我国大豆生产。因此,提高产量和改良品质是当前中国大豆生产所面临的重要课题。基因工程是大豆品种改良更为有效和快速的方法,但是由于历史原因我国的大豆转基因育种与发达国家尚存在一定差距,对我国的大豆生产贡献十分有限。因此,建立高效的大豆转化体系,加强大豆基因工程研究和育种是解决大豆面临困境的关键。 本研究的目的是以我国主要栽培大豆品种(黑农、合丰和东农等)为材料,利用GUS(β-glucuronidase)报告基因和RNAi技术,建立高效的大豆基因转化体系和基因功能研究体系。为大豆产量和品质基因工程改良提供技术手段和理论基础。结果如下: 以大豆下胚轴为外植体,对分生组织产生不定芽的频率进行了研究。培养基中添加高浓度BAP(6-benzylaminopurine)可以诱导外植体分生组织增殖产生不定芽的发生率;在培养基中添加银离子可以明显地促进大豆单个外植体多芽的产生,使得诱导不定芽总数目显著增加;不同基因型大豆再生不定芽能力有着较大区别,黑农44,黑农37,合丰35,合丰39等品种再生能力强;相对于大豆子叶节等再生系统,大豆下胚轴体系具有高效高频的再生特点(总的再生频率高于80%),且重复性好,容易操作。 以大豆下胚轴为外植体,用含有GUS报告基因的根癌农杆菌对其进行遗传转化,并重点对农杆菌菌液浓度、农杆菌侵染时间、乙酰丁香酮(AS)和抗氧化剂浓度等因素对农杆菌大豆转化效率的影响进行了研究。组织化学染色结果显示GUS基因在外植体顶端表达强烈,表达位置主要位于初生芽基部周围的分生组织。 农杆菌浸染时间以 4h 为最佳,此时的GUS瞬时表达频率可达73.0%;培养基中添加浓度为200μmol/L的乙酰丁香酮,可以显著增加GUS瞬时表达频率。抗氧化剂可以显著降低共培养阶段外植体的褐化和坏死率,进而显著提高农杆菌转化效率。用根癌农杆菌转化大豆下胚轴的方法得到了表达GUS基因转基因大豆株系。 利用大豆油酸去饱和酶基因(FAD2-1;Genbank, L43920)在第315-852碱基之间的基因片断构建了反向重复的RNAi表达载体,以农杆菌介导大豆下胚轴转化方法进行转化,并且获得转基因植株。经过PCR,Southern杂交和转基因后代的脂肪酸分析,表明沉默结构已经成功整合到大豆基因组中,并成功抑制了内源基因的表达。与栽培大豆品种相比较,转基因大豆种子的脂肪酸组成发生显著变化,油酸含量由栽培大豆的18.1%增加到71.5%¬-81.9%;亚油酸含量从栽培大豆的46.4%降到了约3.4%。 栽培大豆种子中油酸去饱和比率(ODP, oleic desaturation proportion)为0.76 到 0.84,转基因大豆种子的油酸去饱和比率降为0.06-0.26,表明Δ12-去饱和酶活性降低了74%-94%。上述结果表明,我们构建的RNAi反向重复序列沉默结构高效地抑制了大豆种子FAD2-1基因。 在本研究中,我们通过外源GUS基因的表达和内源FAD2基因的抑制,成功地建立了以大豆下胚轴为外植体的高效农杆菌介导大豆转化体系,并获得了相应的转基因株系。本研究对我国大豆品种基因工程改良以及进一步大豆功能基因组研究有重要参考价值。 四合木茎积累三脂酰甘油特征 四合木(Tetraena mongotica Maxim)是蒺藜科(Zygophyllaceac)四合木属唯一的种,是地球上最具代表性的古老残遗濒危珍稀植物。由于四合木极易燃烧,当地居民称其为“油柴”。 通过对四合木内可能存在的“油”成分进行了分析,我们发现其茎组织含有大量的三脂酰甘油(Triacylglycerols),含量达到46 mg/g DM。在韧皮部中更高,达到90 mg/g DM。我们通过半薄切片对四合木中三脂酰甘油在不同组织的分布和存在形式进行了研究,发现三脂酰甘油主要以油体形式存在于木质部和韧皮部的薄壁组织中。在韧皮部中,几乎所有的薄壁细胞都含有大量的油体。 三脂酰甘油在植物的生长发育中起着非常重要的作用。作为植物生长发育所需的碳源和能量,三脂酰甘油一般储存在植物的种子和果实中。虽然也有关于其在茎和叶中发现的报道,但是含量很少。四合木茎组织含有大量的三脂酰甘油,这种现象可能与四合木茎中存在茎特异油脂合成酶系统有关。因此,克隆相关基因并在作物中表达,将对能源植物的开发具有重要意义。

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