38 resultados para State-feedback control
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通过借鉴系统控制论中的比例反馈控制原理,提出了一种新的结构动载荷时域反演方法。该方法在原开环系统的输出与结构模型之间连接一个虚拟的比例反馈增益,使得原来的开环系统成为一个虚拟的闭环反馈控制系统,系统控制信号为实测的结构加速度响应。反馈控制器将系统输出与控制信号之间的差值进行放大后作为反馈不断输入到结构模型中,直到差值趋于稳定,此时该差值与反馈增益的乘积经过高通滤波后即得到所反演的动态载荷。该方法将载荷反演问题的求解转化为正问题中的结构瞬态响应求解,采用一般的数值解法如New-mark法即可实现,因此计算比较简便迅速。该方法仅需要测量结构的加速度响应即可进行反演,便于实际应用,而且并不十分依赖于真实的初始条件,由于不存在误差累积的现象,反演结果具有较好的稳定性。最后,通过海洋平台结构冰载荷反演的模型实验和数值仿真证明了该方法的有效性。
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从金属切削加工的实际情况出发,分析了刀具在切削加工中产生颤振的原因.从力学的角度解释了刀具径向非线性颤振的机理,说明这是一种自激振荡,可以通过施加线性迟滞反馈力加以控制.这种反馈力是位移信号的迟滞函数,可以用于抑制振幅,增加刀具的平稳性.数值仿真验证了理论结果.
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An optimal feedback control of broadband frequency up-conversion in BBO crystal is experimentally demonstrated by shaping femto-second laser pulses based on genetic algorithm, and the frequency up-conversion efficiency can be enhanced by similar to 16%. SPIDER results show that the optimal laser pulses have shorter pulse-width with the little negative chirp than the original pulse with the little positive chirp. By modulating the fundamental spectral phase with periodic square distribution on SLM-256, the frequency up-conversion can be effectively controlled by the factor of about 17%. The experimental results indicate that the broadband frequency up-conversion efficiency is related to both of second harmonic generation (SHG) and sum frequency generation (SFG), where the former depends on the fundamental pulse intensity, and the latter depends on not only the fundamental pulse intensity but also the fundamental pulse spectral phase. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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近年来 ,在实时操作系统的研究中 ,已开始将反馈控制融入操作系统的任务调度 将这一想法与分时操作系统相结合 ,提出一种基于PID反馈控制的分时调度算法 它能根据任务对CPU带宽的个性化需求 ,并考虑开放的分时系统中CPU占用率的不确定动态变化特性 ,动态地分配CPU带宽 ,使CPU对任务集的处理效果始终处于最佳状态 性能分析实验结果表明 ,它不仅兼容传统的分时调度架构 ,还具有良好的动态、静态特性及鲁棒性 ,且引入的调度费用较低
Resumo:
为了解决模糊不确定任务集在不可预测环境下的动态抢占调度问题,应用模糊规则和模糊调度理论,提出一个基于模糊反馈控制的调度算法,并建立相应的调度架构.该架构由基本调度器和模糊反馈控制两部分组成.用模糊调度算法作为基本调度器的调度算法,将任务集按不同优先级等级进行划分,优先级等级高的任务优先调度,从而使得更多的重要任务得到调度;模糊控制器与任务流调节策略一起构成模糊反馈控制部分.仿真结果表明,模糊反馈控制调度可以很好地控制任务的截止期错失率,解决任务特征可能是模糊不确定或不可预测民政部下的调度问题,提高重要任务的调度成功率.
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株高是农作物的重要农艺性状之一,适度矮化有利于农作物的耐肥、抗倒、高产等。20世纪50年代,以日本的赤小麦为矮源的半矮秆小麦的培育和推广,使得世界粮食产量显著增长,被誉为“绿色革命”。迄今为止,已报到的麦类矮秆、半矮秆基因已达70多个,但由于某些矮源极度矮化或者矮化的同时伴随不利的农艺性状,使得真正运用于育种实践的矮源较少。因此,发掘和鉴定新的控制麦类作物株高的基因,开展株高基因定位、克隆及作用机理等方面的研究,对实现麦类作物株高的定向改良,具有重要的理论意义和应用价值。簇毛麦(Dasypyrum villosum,2n=14,VV)是禾本科簇毛麦属一年生二倍体异花授粉植物,为栽培小麦的近缘属。本课题组在不同来源的簇毛麦杂交后代中发现了一株自然突变产生的矮秆突变体。观察分析了该突变体的生物学特性,对矮秆性状进行了遗传分析,对茎节细胞长度、花粉的活力进行了细胞学观察,考察了该突变体内源赤霉素含量及不同浓度外施赤霉素对突变体的作用,分析了赤霉素生物合成途径中的内根贝壳杉烯氧化酶(KO)和赤霉素20氧化酶(GA20ox)的转录水平,对赤霉素20氧化酶和赤霉素3-β羟化酶(GA3ox)进行了克隆和序列分析,并对GA20ox进行了原核表达和表达的组织特异性研究。主要研究结果如下:1. 该突变体与对照植株在苗期无差异,在拔节后期才表现出植株矮小,相对对照植株,节间伸长明显受到抑制,叶鞘长度基本不变。在成熟期,对照植株的平均株高为110cm,而突变株的平均株高为32cm,仅为对照植株的1/3 左右。除了株高变矮以外,在成熟后期,突变株还表现一定程度的早衰和雄性不育。I2-KI染色法观察花粉活力结果表明,对照植株花粉90%以上都是有活力的,而突变植株的花粉仅20%左右有活力。2. 突变株与对照植株的杂交F1代均表现正常株高,表明该突变性状为隐性突变。F1代植株相互授粉得到的168株F2代植株中,株高出现分离,正常株高(株高高于80cm)与矮秆植株(株高矮于40cm)的株数比为130:38,经卡方检验,其分离比符合3:1的分离比,因此推测该突变体属于单基因的隐性突变。3. 用ELISA方法检测突变株和对照植株的幼嫩种子中内源性生物活性赤霉素(GA1+3)含量,结果表明突变株的赤霉素含量为36 ng/ml,而对照植株的赤霉素含量为900 ng/ml。对突变株外施赤霉素,发现矮秆突变株的株高和花粉育性均可得到恢复。这些结果表明该突变株为赤霉素缺陷型突变。4. 用荧光定量PCR方法比较突变株与对照植株中内根贝壳杉烯氧化酶和赤霉素20氧化酶的转录水平,结果表明突变株的KO转录水平比对照植株分别提高了6倍(苗期)和16倍(成熟期),突变株的GA20ox转录水平与对照植株在苗期无明显差异,在成熟期突变株较对照植株则提高了10倍左右。这些结果表明该矮秆突变体与赤霉素的生物合成途径密切相关,而且极有可能在赤霉素的生物合成途径早期就发生了改变。5. 以簇毛麦总基因组为模板,同源克隆了GenBank登录号为EU142950,RT-PCR分离克隆了簇毛麦的GA3ox基因cDNA全长序列,分析结果表明该cDNA全长1206bp,含完整编码区1104bp,推测该序列编码蛋白含368个氨基酸残基,分子量为40.063KD,等电点为6.27。预测的氨基酸序列含有双加氧酶的活性结构,在酶活性中心2个Fe离子结合的氨基酸残基非常保守。该序列与小麦、大麦和水稻的GA3ox基因一致性分别为98%、96%、86%。基因组序列与cDNA序列在外显子部分一致,在478-715bp和879-1019bp处分别含238bp和140bp的内含子。6. 通过RT-PCR技术克隆了簇毛麦的GA20ox基因全长,命名为DvGA20ox,GenBank登录号为EU142949。该基因全长1080个碱基,编码359个氨基酸,具有典型的植物GA20ox基因结构。该基因编码的蛋白质与小麦、大麦、黑麦草等GA20ox蛋白的同源性分别为98%,97% 和91%。该序列重组到原核表达载体pET-32a(+)上,将获得的重组子pET-32a(+)-DvGA20ox转化大肠杆菌BL21pLysS后用IPTG进行诱导表达。SDS-PAGE分析表明,DvGA20ox基因在大肠杆菌中获得了高效表达,融合蛋白分子量为55kDa。定量PCR分析表明,该基因在簇毛麦不同器官中的表达差异明显:叶片中表达水平最高,根部表达水平次之,茎部和穗中表达较弱。在外施赤霉素后,该基因的表达水平在两小时以后急剧下降,表明该基因的表达受自身的反馈调节。本研究结果认为,(1)该簇毛麦矮秆突变体为单基因的隐性突变;(2)该矮秆突变体为赤霉素敏感突变,内源赤霉素含量检测表明突变体的内源性赤霉素含量仅为对照植株的1/30;(3)荧光定量PCR结果表明突变株的赤霉素生物合成途径的关键酶基因表达水平比对照植株高,而且突变植株的赤霉素生物合成改变很可能发生在赤霉素生物合成途径的早期;(4)GA20ox有表达的组织特异性,且受到自身产物的反馈调节。 Plant height is an impotrant agronomic trait of triticeae crops.Semi-dwarf cropcultivars, including those of wheat, maize and rice, have significantly increased grainproduction that has been known as “green revolution”. The new dwarf varieties couldraise the harvest Index at the expense of straw biomass, and, at the sametime, improvelodging resistance and responsiveness to nitrogen fertilizer. Moreover, dwarf traits ofplant are crucial for elucidating mechanisms for plant growth and development aswell. In many plant species, various dwarf mutants have been isolated and theirmodles of inheritance and physiology also have been widely investigated.The causesfor their dwarf phenotypes were found to be associated with plant hormones,especially, gibberellins GAs.Dasypyrum villosum Candargy (syn.Haynaldia villosa) is a cross-pollinating,diploid (2n = 2x = 14) annual species that belongs to the tribe Triticeae. It is native toSouthern Europe and West Asia, especially the Caucasuses, and grows underconditions unfavorable to most cultivated crops. The genome of D. villosum,designated V by Sears, is considered an important donor of genes to wheat for improving powdery mildew resistance, take-all, eyespot, and plant and seed storageprotein content. A spontaneous dwarf mutant was found in D. villosum populations.The biological character and modles of inheritance of this dwarf mutant are studied.The cell length of stem cell is observed. The influence of extraneous gibberellin tothe dwarf mutant is also examined; the transcript level of key enzyme of gibberellinbiosynthesis pathway in mutant and control plants is compared. GA3ox and GA20oxare cloned and its expression pattern is researched.1. The dwarf mutant showed no difference with control plants at seedlingstage.At mature stage, the average height of control plants were 110cm and the dwarfplants were 33cm. The height of the mutant plant was only one third of the normalplants due to the shortened internodes. Cytology observation showed that theelongation of stem epidermal and the parenchyma cells were reduced. The dwarfmutant also shows partly male sterile. Pollen viability test indicates that more than80% of the pollen of the mutant is not viable.2. The inheritance modle of this dwarf mutant is studied. All The F1 plantsshowed normal phenotype indicating that the dwarfism is controlled by recessivealleles. Among the 168 F2 plants, there are 130 normal plants and 30 dwarf plants, thesegregation proportion accord with Mendel’s 3:1 segregation. We therefore proposethat this dwarf phenotype is controlled by a single recessive gene.3. Quantitative analyses of endogenous GA1+3 in the young seeds indicated thatthe content of GA1+3 was 36ng/ml in mutant plants and 900ng/ml in normal plants.The endogenous bioactive GA1+3 in mutant plants are only about 1/30 of that innormal plants. In addition, exogenously supplied GA3 could considerably restore themutant plant to normal phenotype. These results showed that this mutant wasdefective in the GA biosynthesis.4. More than ten enzymes are involved in GA biosynthesis. KO catalyzes thefirst cytochrome P450-mediated step in the gibberellin biosynthetic pathway and themutant of KO lead to a gibberellin-responsive dwarf mutant. GA20ox catalyze therate-limited steps so that their transcript level will influence the endogenous GAbiosynthesis and modifies plant architecture. The relative expression levels of genesencoding KO and GA20ox were quantified by real time PCR to assess whether thechanges in GA content correlated with the expression of GA metabolism genes andwhere the mutant occurred during the GA biosynthesis pathway. In mutant plants,the transcript levels of KO increased about 6-fold and 16-fold at the seedling stage and elongating stage respectively comparing with the normal plants. For theseedlings, there was no notable difference in the expression of GA20ox betweenmutant and normal plants. At the elongating stage, GA20ox transcript increased 10times in mutant plants, suggesting that the GA biosynthesis pathway in mutant plantshad changed from the early steps rather than the late steps.5. A full length cDNA of D. villosum gibberellin 3β-hydroxylase homology(designated as DvGA3ox) was isolated and consisted of 1206bp containing an openreading frame of 1104bp encoding 368 predicted amino acid residues. Identityanalysis showed that the gibberellin 3β-hydroxylase nucleotide sequence shared 98%,96% and 86% homology with that of wheat, barley and rice. The predicted peptidecontained the active-site Fe of known gibberellin 3β-hydroxylase and the regionhomologous to wheat, barley and Arabidopsis. The genomic clone of gibberellin3β-hydroxylase has two introns.6. The full-length cDNA of D. villosum gibberellin 20 oxidase (designated asDvGA20ox) was isolated and consisted of 1080-bp and encoded 359 amino acidresidues with a calculated mol wt of 42.46 KD. Comparative and bio-informaticsanalyses revealed that DvGA20ox had close similarity with GA20ox from otherspecies and contained a conserved LPWKET and NYYPXCQKP regions. Tissueexpression pattern analysis revealed DvGA20ox expressed in all the tissues that wereexamined and the highest expression of DvGA20ox in expanding leaves followed byroots. Heterologous expression of this cDNA clone in Escherichia coli gave a fusionprotein that about 55KD. Transcript levels of DvGA20ox dramatically reduced twohours after application of biologically active GA3, suggesting that the biosynthesis ofthis enzymes might be under feedback control.
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首先提出了一种新的基于卡尔曼滤波及牛顿预测的角加速度估计方法,在已知电机驱动系统位置信息的情况下,利用卡尔曼滤波实时估计系统的角加速度;同时采用牛顿预测方法解决估计算法的滞后问题,进一步提高了估计加速度的响应频带.以此为基础,本文进一步分析了利用估计加速度进行反馈控制以增强系统对外扰动的鲁棒性问题,提出了加速度反馈控制策略的设计准则并分析了稳定性.在一个直接驱动机器人关节上针对上述加速度估计及控制方法进行了实验研究:将估计加速度的实验结果与实测加速度(利用加速度计)的实验结果进行了比较分析,从而定量地揭示出估计加速度及其反馈控制在实际系统中的可行性及有效性.
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针对机器人控制领域中一类多输入多输出(MIMO)仿射非线性系统,提出了一种基于平衡流形的近似线性化状态反馈镇定算法,并用此算法解决了一类完整约束轮式移动机器人(WMR)的镇定问题.仿真分析表明,此方法不仅能够实现系统的镇定,而且降低了因平衡工作点变动给系统稳定性带来的影响,同时也大大地简化了对非线性系统的综合设计过程,具有良好的控制效果和实用性.
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传统的基于事件遥操作系统虽然巧妙地避开了变化时延问题[8] ,但是它具有“走走停停”的特点 ,即机器人将当前状态发送出去之后直到操作者的下一个指令到来之前机器人必须保证状态没有变化。对此本文首次提出了利用基于谓词不变性的状态反馈控制来对原有的方法进行改进 ,使机器人能够对动态环境具有适应性
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针对柔性关节机械臂从自由空间运动控制过渡到约束空间力控制的过程中,存在冲击、震荡甚至不稳定等问题,利用加速度传感器反馈控制,为柔性关节机械臂的接触力控制在较宽的带宽内提供阻尼,克服了利用单纯速度反馈控制带宽窄的局限。对柔性关节机械臂的接触力控制进行建模和基于加速度反馈的控制策略分析,并在柔性关节机械臂上进行了接触力控制的试验研究。结果表明,这种方法有效。
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以搭建的自治水下机器人-机械手系统为对象,通过水池实验分析了载体分系统的响应特性。针对传统的反馈控制在载体控制中的不足,将输入补偿项和机械手扰动补偿项作为载体控制的前馈项,设计了水下机器人复合校正控制器。水池实验验证了方法的可行性和有效性。
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以利用线加速度传感器实际测量转动关节的加速度为基础 ,分析了机器人关节加速度反馈控制的开环模型 ,以及影响其闭环稳定性的主要因素 ;提出了闭环控制策略的设计准则 .在一台三自由度直接驱动机器人上的实验结果证明了该文分析的正确性 ,与不具备加速度反馈控制时的实验结果相比较 ,显示出这种方法的有效性
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在分析谐波传动系统特性的基础上,建立了谐波传动系统的基于加速度传感器反馈控制的数学模型,通过仿真分析和实验研究结果表明,加速度反馈控制能有效地换制谐波传动系统负载端的振动。
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针对机器人从自由空间运动控制过渡到约束空间力控制的过程中,存在冲撞、振荡甚至不稳定等问题,提出了利用加速度反馈为力控制提供阻尼,克服单纯依靠速度反馈的局限,进而稳定力控制系统的方法.这种方法不增加系统的复杂性,易于实现.本文对控制系统结构及控制策略作了分析.在一个直接驱动关节上的实验结果证明了本文分析的正确性,与只采用速度反馈的接触力控制相比,显示了这种方法的有效性。
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为工业机器人机械手提出了一种稳定跟踪控制法.这种控制方法由前馈控制器、反馈控制器组成.前馈控制根据期望轨线用计算力矩法得到;反馈控制由线性PID控制项和非线性PD控制项组成,这种控制方法能使跟踪误差逐渐趋近于零.最后,给出了PUMA560机器人的计算机仿真实验验证此控制方法的有效性