A two-dimensional molybdenum (V) phosphate with covalently bonded transition metal coordination complexes: hydrothermal synthesis and structure characterization of Na-2[{Mn(phen)(2)(H2O)}{Mn(phen)(2)}(3){Mn (Mo12O24)-O-V (HPO4)(6)(PO4)(2)(OH)(6)}] center dot 4H(2)O (phen=1,10-phenanthroline)

An organic-inorganic hybrid molybdenum phosphate, Na-2[{Mn(phen)(2)(H2O)} {Mn(phen)(2)}(3){(MnMo12O24)-O-v (HPO4)(6)(PO4)(2) (OH)(6)}] . 4H(2)O (phen=1,10-phenanthroline), involving molybdenum present in V oxidation state and covalently bonded transition metal coordination complexes, has been hydrothermally synthesized and structurally characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Deep brown-red crystals are formed in the triclinic system, space group P (1) over bar, a=16.581(l)Angstrom, b=18.354(1)Angstrom, c=24.485(2)Angstrom, alpha=80.589(l)degrees, beta=71.279(1)degrees, gamma=67.084(1)degrees, V=6493.8(8)Angstrom(3), Z=2, lambda(MoKalpha)=0.71073Angstrom (R(F)=0.0686 for 29,053 reflections). Data were collected on a Bruker Smart Apex CCD diffractometer at 293 K in the range of 1.76 < theta < 28.06degrees using omega-2theta scans technique. The structure of the title compound may be considered to be based on {Mo6O12(HPO4)(3)(PO4)(OH)(3)} units bonded together with {Mn(phen)(2)} subunits into a two-dimensional network. Two types of tunnels are observed in the solid of the title compound.

Synthesis, characterization and crystal structure of a charge transfer salt based on 1.3-cyclopentadiene tetrabutylammoniumdodecamolybdosilicoate

A charge transfer salt, (Bu4N)(4) (C5H6)[(HSiMo11MoO40)-Mo-VI-O-V] has been photochemically synthesized from (Bu4N)(4)SiMo12O40 and 1.3-cyclopentadiene and Characterized, by elemental analysis, IR spectra, solid diffusion reflectance electronic spectra, CV and ESR. The X-ray crystal structure revealed that the title complex crystal data are as follows: triclinic, space group P (1) over bar, a = 14.347(3), b = 14.423(3), c = 27.158(5) Angstrom, alpha = 96.90(3), beta = 104.18(3), gamma = 98.20(3)degrees, V = 5322(2) Angstrom (3), Z = 2, M-r = 2855. 30, D-c = 1.782g.cm(-3), F(000) = 2860, R = 0.0719, wR = 0.198. The title compound is composed of 1.3-cyclopentadiene, four tetrabutylammonium and [(SiMo11MoO40)-Mo-VI-O-V](4-) anion.

Synthesis and crystal structure of triphenyltin-2-(1,2-ethylenedithio) methylene-3-oxo-5-aryl-4-pentenicate

Nine triphenyltin - 2 - (1,2 - ethylenedithio) methylene - 3 - oxo - 5 - aryl - 4 - pentenicates were synthesized. The crystal structure of the title compound 3b (C33H28O3S2Sn) was determined by X - ray diffraction analysis. The crystal belongs to triclinic system, space group P(1)overbar with a = 0.9074 (2) nm, b = 1.6809(3)nm, c = 2.1834(4)nm, alpha =77.57(3)degrees, beta = 88.04(3)degrees, gamma = 89.47(3)degrees, V = 3.2503nm(3), Z = 2, R = 0.0592. In crystal of 3b, there exist intramolecular 0-Sn coordination bonds, with carboxylate group acting as a bidentate ligand: Sn(1)-0(1) = 0.2086(5) and Sn(1)-0(2) = 0.2594nm, having a deformed trigonal bipyramidal geometry.

A new dinuclear molybdenum(V)-sulfur complex containing citrate ligand: synthesis and characterization of K2.5Na2NH4[Mo2O2S2(cit)(2)].5H(2)O

The complex, K2.5Na2NH4[Mo2O2S2(cit)(2)]. 5H(2)O (1), was obtained by crystallization from a solution of (NH4)(2)MoS4, potassium citrate (K(3)cit) and hydroxyl sodium in methanol and water under an atmosphere of pure nitrogen at ambient temperature. The crystals are triclinic, space group , a = 7.376 (3)Angstrom, b = 14.620 (2) Angstrom, c = 14.661 (1) Angstrom, alpha = 71.10 (1)degrees, beta = 81.77 (1)degrees, gamma = 78.27(2)degrees, R = 0.0584 for 2545 observed (I > 2 sigma (I)) reflections. Single crystal structure analysis reveals that citrate ligand coordinated to molybdenum atom through two carboxylato oxygens and one deprotonated hydroxyl oxygen together with two bridging sulfur atoms and a terminal oxygen atom completes distorted coordination octahedron around each molybdenum atom. Principal dimensions are: Mo = O-t, 1.707 Angstrom (av); Mo-S-b, 2.341 Angstrom (av); Mo-O-(hydroxyl), 2.021 Angstrom (av); Mo-O(alpha-carboxyl), 2.1290 Angstrom (av) and Mo-O(beta-carboxyl), 2.268(av) Angstrom. IR spectrum is in agreement with the structure.

Synthesis and structure of 1:1 complex of ethylphenyltin dichloride with N-4-methoxyphenyl-2-hydroxynaphthylideneimine

A novel organotin complex, EtPhSnCl(2) . 2HOC(10)H(6)CH = NC6H1OCH3 was synthesized, and its crystal structure was determined by X-ray diffraction method. The crystal is triclinic, belonging to space group, with unit cell parameters a = 1.150 8(5) nm, b = 1. 153 1(5) gm, c = 1. 004 6 (3) nm, alpha = 94. 15 (3)degrees, beta = 115.47 (3)degrees, r = 85. 94 (4)degrees, V = 1199 7(1) nm(3), Z=2, D-c=1.68 g/cm(3), mu=13. 20 cm(-1), F(000)=618 for 4 131 reflections tions. R=0. 047, R(w)=0. 047. The ligand coordinates to tin atom via phenolic oxygen atom. The complex has a distored trigonal bipyramidal structure, the phenolic oxygen atom of the ligand and one of two chlorine atoms occupy the axial position. The distance between noncoodinated nitrogen atom with phenolic oxygen atom is 0. 257 4 nm, which indicates that the intramolecular hydrogen bond of Schiff base ligand is retained in the complex.

Diversities in hepatic HIF-1, IGF-I/IGFBP-1, LDH/ICD, and their mRNA expressions induced by CoCl2 in Qinghai-Tibetan plateau mammals and sea level mice

Ochotona curzoniae and Microtus oeconomus are the native mammals living on the Qinghai-TibetanPlateau of China. The molecular mechanisms of their acclimatization to the Plateau-hypoxia remain unclear. Expressions of hepatic hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1 alpha, insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I)/IGF binding protein (BP)-1(IGFBP-1; including genes), and key metabolic enzymatic genes [lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)-A/isocitrate dehydrogenase (ICD)] are compared in Qinghai-Tibetan- Plateau mammals andsea- level mice after injection of CoCl2 (20, 40, or 60 mg/ kg) and normobaric hypoxia (16.0% O-2, 10.8% O-2, and 8.0% O-2) for 6 h, tested by histochemistry, Western blot analysis, ELISA, and RT-PCR. Major results are CoCl2 markedly increased 1) HIF-1 alpha only in mice, 2) hepatic and circulatory IGF-I in M. oeconomus, 3) hepatic IGFBP-1 in mice and O. curzoniae, and 4) LDH-A but reduced ICD mRNA in mice (CoCl2 20 mg/kg) but were unchanged in the Tibetan mammals. Normobaric hypoxia markedly 1) increased HIF-1 alpha and LDH-A mRNA in mice and M. oeconomus (8.0% O-2) not in O. curzoniae, and 2) reduced ICD mRNA in mice and M. oeconomus (8.0% O-2) not in O. curzoniae. Results suggest that 1) HIF-1 alpha responsiveness to hypoxia is distinct in lowland mice and plateau mammals, reflecting a diverse tolerance of the three species to hypoxia; 2) CoCl2 induces diversities in HIF-1, IGF-I/IGFBP-1 protein or genes in mice, M. oeconomus, and O. curzoniae. In contrast, HIF-1 mediates IGFBP-1 transcription only in mice and in M. oeconomus (subjected to severe hypoxia); 3) differences in IGF-I/IGFBP-1 expressions induced by CoCl2 reflect significant diversities in hormone regulation and cell protection from damage; and 4) activation of anaerobic glycolysis and reduction of Krebs cycle represents strategies of lowland-animals vs. the stable metabolic homeostasis of plateau- acclimatized mammals.

Temperature measurement of reflected shock wave by using chemical indicator

This report describes a new method for measuring the temperature of the gas behind the reflected shock wave in shock tube, corresponding to the reservoir temperature of a shock tunnel, based on the chemical reaction of small amount of CF4 premixed in the test gas. The final product C2F4 is used as the temperature indicator, which is sampled and detected by a gas chromatography in the experiment. The detected concentration of C2F4 is correlated to the temperature of the reflected shock wave with the initial pressure P-1 and test time tau as parameters in the temperature range 3 300 K < T < 5 600 K, pressure range 5 kPa < P1 <12 kPa and tau similar or equal to 0.4 ms.

Comparison of Various Adhesion Contact Theories and the Influence of Dimensionless Load Parameter

Three models, JKR (Johnson, Kendall and Roberts), DMT (Derjaguin, Muller, and Toporov) andMD (Maugis-Dugdale),are compared with the Hertz model in dealing with nano-contact problems. It has been shown that both the dimensionless load parameter, P D P=.1/4

重正化群理论及其在地震预报中的应用

<正> 重正化群理论和分形几何学几乎是在同一时期分别由威尔森和曼德尔布罗特(Wilsonand Mandelbrot)创立的。两者的目的都是在变换观测尺度的基础上研究其不变的现象。所不同的是分形几何学以几何形状作为对象,而重正化群理论则以物理量作为重点。重正化群理论的实质是通过改变粗视化程度的重正化变换来定量地获得物理量的变化。比如,在某种尺度下所测定的物理量为 P,然后用比这个尺度大2倍的尺度进行重正化变换,变换后的物理量为 P′。则有P′=f_2(P) (1)式中 f_2表示2倍的重正化变换。将(1)式一

Numerical Simulation of R-M Instability

In order to capture shock waves and contact discontinuities in the field and easy to program with parallel computation a new algorithm is developed to solve the N-S equations for simulation of R-M instability problems. The method with group velocity control is used to suppress numerical oscillations, and an adaptive non-uniform mesh is used to get fine resolution. Numerical results for cylindrical shock-cylindrical interface interaction with a shock Mach number Ms=1.2 and Atwood number A=0.818, 0.961, 0.980 (the interior density of the interface/outer density p(1)/p(2) = 10, 50, 100, respectively), and for the planar shock-spherical interface interaction with Ms=1.2 and p(1)/p(2) = 14.28are presented. The effect of Atwood number and multi-mode initial perturbation on the R-M instability are studied. Multi-collisions of the reflected shock with the interface is a main reason of nonlinear development of the interface instability and formation of the spike-bubble structures In simulation with double mode perturbation vortex merging and second instability are found. After second instability the small vortex structures near the interface produced. It is important factor for turbulent mixing.

Cone Effect in Astronomical Adaptive Optics System Investigated by a Pure Numerical Simulation

It is well-known that cone effect or focus anisoplanatism is produced by the limited distance of a laser guide star (LGS) which is created within the Earth atmosphere and consequently located at a finite distance from the observer. In this paper, the cone effect of the LGS for different vertical profiles of the refractive index structure constant Cn2 is numerically investigated by using a revised computer program of atmospheric propagation of optical wave and an adaptive optics (AO) system including dynamic control process. According to the practice, the overall tilt for the tilt-correction mirror is obtained from a natural star and the aberrated wavefront for phase correction of the deformable mirror is obtained from a LGS in our numerical simulation. It is surprisingly found that the effect of altitude of the LGS on the AO phase compensation effectiveness by using the commonly-available vertical profiles of Cn2 and the lateral wind speed in the atmosphere is relatively weak, and the cone effect for some Cn2 profiles is even negligible. It is found that the cone effect does not have obvious relationship with the turbulence strength, however, it depends on the vertical distribution profile of Cn 2 apparently. On the other hand, the cone effect depends on the vertical distribution of the lateral wind speed as well. In comparison to a longer wavelength, the cone effect becomes more obvious in the case of a shorter wavelength. In all cases concerned in this paper, an AO system by using a sodium guide star has almost same phase compensation effectiveness as that by using the astronomical target itself as a beacon. Effect of dynamic control process in an AO system on the cone effect is studied in this paper for the first time within our knowledge.

微/纳米力学测试技术及其应用

    本书系统地介绍了微／纳米力学测试技术中最常用的压入和划入技术及其典型应用。全书共分13章。测试技术方面，内容涉及接触力学、测试原理、方法、校准、仪器、力学参量、影响因素。典型应用方面，内容涉及在表面工程、微机电系统、生物、高聚物和金属玻璃等领域内的微／纳米力学行为的测试。本书可供力学、材料、物理、电子、机械、生物和化学等领域的研究人员、工程技术人员以及大专院校相关专业的师生参考。

目录

前言

第1章 绪论

1.1硬度的定义和分类

1.2纳米压入和划入技术的发展

1.3纳米压入和划入技术的特点

参考文献

第2章 压入接触力学

2.1弹性接触

2.1.1 Soeddon解

2.1.2锥形压针

2.1.3球形压针

2.1.4圆柱压针

2.2弹塑性接触

2.2.1塑性发生

2.2.2完全塑性

2.2.3材料响应

参考文献

第3章 纳米压入测试原理

3.1压入硬度和模量

3.2连续刚度测量

3.3载荷一深度数据确定的材料参数

3.3.1马氏硬度

3.3.2压入蠕变

3.3.3压入松弛

3.3.4压入弹性功和塑性功

参考文献

第4章 纳米压入测试方法

4.1压针类型

4.1.1玻氏压针

4.1.2立方角压针

4.1.3维氏压针

4.1.4努氏压针

4.1.5圆锥压针

4.1.6球形压针

4.1.7圆柱压针

4.1.8楔形压针

4.1.9考虑因素

4.2测试环节

4.2.1样品准备

4.2.2环境控制

4.2.3间距选择

4.2.4表面探测

4.2.5驱动方式

4.2.6测试步骤

4.2.7测试报告

参考文献

第5章 纳米压入的确认和校准

5.1直接确认和校准

5.2间接校准

5.3测试和校准的实例

参考文献

第6章 纳米压入和划入的测量仪器

6.1仪器技术指标的定义

6.2美国Mrs公司

6.3美国Hysitmn公司

6.4瑞士CSM公司

6.5英国MML公司

6.6澳大利亚CSIRO公司

6.7测量仪器的发展趋势

参考文献

第7章 力学参量的测量

7.1压入方式

7.1.1硬度和模量

7.1.2断裂韧度

7.1.3蠕变和粘弹行为

7.1.4压入应力??应变曲线

7.1.5加卸载曲线涉及的

部分现象

7.2划人方式

7.2.1块体材料

7.2.2薄膜材料

7.2.3粗糙度

7.3弯曲方式

7.3.1微悬臂梁静载弯曲

7.3.2微桥静载弯曲

7.3.3微结构疲劳

7.4吸引方式

7.5声发射测试

7.6温度测试

参考文献.

第8章 影响纳米压入测试的因素

8.1测试仪器的影响

8.1.1压针缺陷

8.1.2测试方法

8.1.3接触零点的确定

8.1.4载荷和位移的分辨力

8.2样品的表面状态和性质

8.2.1表面吸湿

8.2.2表面粗糙度

8.2.3残余应力

8.2.4凹陷和凸起变形

8.3纳米压入和划入测试所面临的问题

参考文献

第9章 在表面工程中的应用

9.1金属材料表面激光强化的力学表征

9.2硬质膜的力学和摩擦学性能评估

9.2.1显微硬度测试

9.2.2纳米压人测试

9.2.3纳米划入测试

9.2.4膜材的影响

参考文献

第10章 在微机电系统中的应用

10.1薄膜测试

10.1.1典型薄膜材料的硬度和模量

10.1.2薄膜疲劳

10.1.3淀积工艺对二氧化硅薄膜力学性质的影响

10.2微结构弯曲

10.2.1微结构的静态弯曲

10.2.2微结构的动态弯曲

参考文献

第11章 在生物及其相关材料中的应用

11.1人工林杉木管胞细胞壁

11.2人体腰椎骨

11.3存储液对人体牙齿微力学性能的影响

参考文献

第12章 在高聚物中的应用

12.1PMMA单轴拉伸和弯曲力学行为

12.2划入测试的理论分析

12.3韧性行为的描述

12.4脆性行为的描述

12.4.1温度效应

12.4.2应变率效应

参考文献

第13章 在金属玻璃中的应用

13.1硬度和屈服应力的关系

13.2不连续的塑性变形

13.3压痕形貌和微结构变化

13.4应变率效应

13.5钕基金属玻璃的变形行为

参考文献

附录 常见问题的回答

1测试数量

2压入间距

3压入深度

4泊松比的选择

5典型材料的参数

6断裂韧度测试压针的选择

7纳米薄膜的测试

8典型材料的压入变形行为

9显微硬度和纳米压入硬度的关系

10压入影响区及其边界效应

10.1压入影响区的有限元模拟

10.2边界距离影响的有限元模拟

10.3压人间距影响的测试

参考文献

Exchange energy shifts under dense plasma conditions

The variation of the energy interval between the intercombination line ( 1s2p(P-3(1))-> 1s(2)) and the resonance line ( 1s2p(P-1(1))-> 1s(2)) of He-like aluminium with plasma density and temperature is investigated. Since such energy interval is equivalent to the exchange energy of the state 1s2p(P-3(1)), we consider the dependence of this energy shift on the plasma environment. It was found that the shifts of exchange energy increase ( decrease) with the increase of electron density ( electron temperature), and the shifts of exchange energy become more sensitive to the electron density as the electron temperature decreases, i. e. in the strongly coupled plasma regime. An approximately linear relation is found between the shifts of exchange energy and the electron density. The results show that dense plasma effects are very important for the simulation of the spectral fine structure. The relative shifts between the intercombination ( 1s2p(P-3(1))-> 1s(2)) and the resonance line ( 1s2p(P-1(1))-> 1s(2)) are discussed for diagnostic applications.

等离子体效应对类氦氖Kα线系电偶极辐射的影响

采用离子球模型，通过自洽求解Boltzmann方程和Poisson方程，得到类氦氖离子Kα线系的两条电偶极辐射光谱能量随等离子体环境的漂移．结果显示，Kα线系电偶极谱线随等离子体电子密度增大发生红移，红移量与等离子体电子密度有近似的正比关系；随着等离子体电子温度的降低，光谱红移对等离子体电子密度的敏感性增大。另外，所研究的两条谱线间的能量间隔随等离子体电子密度的增大而减小，减小量随等离子体电子密度的变化也呈现出近似的线性规律。值得注意的是，类氦氖Kα线系中两条电偶极谱线分别为互组合线与共振谱线，而其能量差

Inter-stage line ratio of He- and Li-like Ti emissions for the electron temperature measurement

Under coronal conditions, the steady state rate-equations are used to calculate the inter-stage line ratios between Li-like Is(2)2p(P-2(3/2))-> 1s(2)2s -> ((2) S-1/2) and He-like 1s2p (P-1(1))-> 1s(2) (S-1(0)) transitions for Ti in the electronic temperature ranges from 0.1 keV to 20 keV. The results show that the. temperature sensitivities are higher at the electronic temperature less than 5000 eV and the temperature sensitivities will decrease with the increase of electronic temperature.