127 resultados para NETTRA-P2.


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The cyanobacterium Nostoc commune Vaucher produces quite complex extracellular polysaccharides. The cyanobacterium is nitrogen fixing, and on growing the cyanobacterium in media with and without nitrogen, different types of extracellular polysaccharides were obtained. These were also different from the polysaccharides present in N. commune collected in the field. High pH anion exchange chromatography (HPAEC) of weak acid hydrolysates of the culture-grown material demonstrated that, in this case, HPAEC was useful for comparison of the different polymers. The main differences between the polymers from the field group and the culture-grown samples were the presence of substantial amounts of arabinose, 2-O-methylglucose, and glucuronic acid in the latter. Methylation studies also revealed a difference in the branching points on the glucose units between the field and cultured samples, being 1,4,6 for the first and 1,3,6 for the latter. The field acidic fraction gave, on weak acid hydrolysis and separation on BioGel P2 and HPAEC, 12 oligosaccharide fractions that were isolated and studied by different mass spectroscopy techniques. The structures of the oligosaccharides were determined, and two different series that can originate from two repeating pentamers were identified: GlcAl-4/6GlcM1-4Ga11-4Glc1-4Xyl and GlcAl-4/6Glc1-4Ga11-4Glc1-4Xyl. The difference between these oligosaccharides lies in the methyl substituent on carbon 2 of the glucose unit next to the nonreducing glucuronic acid unit. The polysaccharides from field material were shown to have a strong effect on the complement system.

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基于4-N-(4-甲基苯基)-4-N-苯基-9-(4-叔丁基苯基)-1,8-萘酰亚胺染料具有较高发光效率和能够与深蓝色发射的聚芴发生能量转移,将其以端基的形式引入到聚芴中去,设计合成了不同端基含量(0.1-2mol%)的端基型绿光聚芴衍生物。在电致发光器件中,由于存在由聚芴主链向搀杂染料的能量传递和电荷转移,使得聚合物的发射主要表现为搀杂染料的绿光发射(545nm左右),发光染料的引入极大地提高了聚合物的电致发光效率。含量为0.5 mol%的聚合物NFP5的器件性能最佳,最大亮度为19280cd/m2,最大电流效率为7.4cd/A,并且在高电场下仍保持很高的发光效率。基于解决9,9-二烷基聚芴类材料光谱稳定性差,电致发光效率低的问题,设计合成了一系列端基含有具有不同能级结构和发光效率的萘酰亚胺类蓝光小分子的蓝光聚芴衍生物。聚合物的光物理和电化学性质以及发光器件的结果表明,在此类低含量化学搀杂的聚合物电致发光材料中,只有存在由主体向搀杂剂的有效能量传递和电荷转移才能提高聚合物的发光效率。其中染料含量0.5 mol%的聚合物NFF5的单层器件的外量子效率为1.32%,最大亮度为6435cd/m2,色坐标为(0.17, 0.20);染料含量0.5 mol%的聚合物NLF5的单层器件的外量子效率为1.75%,最大亮度为10370cd/m2,色坐标为(0.16, 0.24);染料含量0.5 mol%的聚合物NPF5的单层器件的外量子效率为2.43%,最大亮度为8917cd/m2,色坐标为(0.17, 0.30)。基于异佛尔酮类红光染料具有较高的荧光量子效率,并且结构易于修饰调控,将其通过共价键分别引入到聚芴的主链、侧链和端基,获得了一系列化学掺杂异佛尔酮类染料的聚芴衍生物。在该类聚合物中,异佛尔酮类染料的发射相比物理搀杂于聚芴中的发射有明显的蓝移,这是由于化学搀杂使得染料分子以分子水平分散到低极性的聚芴中所引起的。染料处于聚芴的不同位置对聚合物光谱的影响不大,但对其电致发光性能的影响比较大。其中染料位于端基时的聚合物P2表现出最佳的电致发光性能:最大电流效率可达7.46cd/A,最大亮度为18039cd/m2,色坐标为(0.28, 0.53),是比较好的绿光聚合物发光材料。

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川牛膝多糖(CP)是从传统中药川牛膝(Cyathula officinalis Kuan)中提取的一种活性多糖,现代药理研究表明川牛膝多糖是川牛膝许多生物活性的物质基础。本实验室前期进行了川牛膝多糖的提取、分离、结构鉴定及其部分活性研究,发现川牛膝中多糖含量非常高,在对川牛膝多糖活性的初步研究中也证实了其具有免疫调节作用。我们为了进一步了解其免疫调节活性,并为构效关系的研究奠定基础,对其进行了如下研究: 1. 通过体外毒性检测、淋巴细胞增殖实验、NK细胞杀伤活性和腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬中性红活性测定,发现川牛膝多糖在10~300μg/mL浓度范围内,对细胞无毒性作用;能够促进LPS诱导的B淋巴细胞增殖(P<0.01)、增强NK细胞杀伤活性(P<0.05)和PMΦ吞噬中性红活性(P<0.01),且随多糖浓度增高而增强;但其对ConA诱导的T淋巴细胞的增殖无促进作用(P>0.05)。 2. 通过正常小鼠体内淋巴细胞转化实验、迟发型变态反应分析、抗体生成细胞检测、碳粒廓清检测、腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬鸡红细胞活性和NK细胞活性测定,发现川牛膝多糖在适应性免疫方面能够促进SRBC免疫小鼠体内的抗体生成细胞的生成(P<0.01)和增强DNFB诱导的DTH(P<0.05),但对ConA诱导的脾淋巴细胞增殖无促进作用(P>0.05);在固有免疫方面能够提高小鼠碳粒廓清速率(P<0.05),PMΦ吞噬 CRBC 活性(P<0.01)和NK细胞杀伤活性(P<0.05)。同时还发现其对由环磷酰胺(Cy)引起的白细胞数下降具有很好的抑制作用(P<0.01)。 3. 为了获得结构明确、均一的保留活性的川牛膝多糖片段,为其作用机制、构效关系研究提供关键研究材料,我们开展了“保留免疫活性的最小片段”的分离制备的初步研究。建立并优化了川牛膝多糖的酸水解条件,发现在6%的样品浓度,0.025mol/L的硫酸浓度,65℃的水解温度,水解时间为8min的条件下可以得到一系列连续的多糖片段;采用Bio-Gel P2 分子筛柱层析分离得到5个级分,通过体外淋巴细胞增殖实验、NK细胞活性测定、腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬中性红实验发现其中的一个片段仍保留较强的免疫活性,并测得其分子量约为2057Da,为保留免疫活性的最小片段的进一步分离奠定了基础。 Cyathula officinalis Kuan is a commonly-used Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) with a wide range of pharmacological activities. Modern pharmacological researches showed the polysaccharide extracted from it (CP) is an important component for many bioactivities of this TCM. In the previous studies, we found CP showed significant immuno-regulative activities. In order to evaluate this activity systematically and lay foundations for revealling its immuno-regulative machanisms and the Structure -Function relationship, we carried out the following research works: 1. The in vitro immunoactivities of CP were evaluated by using normal mice immunocytes with respects to cytotoxicity, lymphocytes proliferation, NK activity and the ability of peritoneal macrophage phagocytizing neutral red. The polysaccharide showed no cytotoxicity below the concentration of 300 μg/mL, and could promote B lymphocytes proliferation (P<0.01), enhance NK activity (P<0.05) and the ability of peritoneal macrophage phagocytizing neutral red (P<0.01) at the concentration of 10-300 μg/mL. The above effects were positively correlated with the concentration of the polysaccharides. But it could not promote T lymphocytes proliferation (P>0.05). 2. The in vivo immunoactivities of CP were observed on normal mice through the following indices: splenic lymphocyte transformation efficiency, delayed-type allergy, antibody-forming cells activity (AFC), rate of carbon clearance, rate of peritoneal macrophage phagocytizing chicken red blood cell (CRBC) and NK activity, and its influence on the decline of the mouse leucocyte count induced by Cy. The polysaccharide at medium-dose enhanced delayed-type allergy (P<0.05)and NK activity(P<0.05) and increased the rate of carbon clearance(P<0.05), AFC activity(P<0.01) and the rate of peritoneal macrophage phagocytizing CRBC(P<0.01). The polysaccharides also effectively resisted the decline of the mouse leucocyte count induced by Cy(P<0.01). However, it couldn’t increase the splenic lymphocyte transformation efficiency(P>0.05). 3. Attempting to isolate and prepare the minimal fragments retaining activity with identical structure for further studying on immuno-regulative mechanism and Structure-Function relationship, we carried out the study on hydrolysis of CP, isolation of hydrolysed fragments, and the activity evaluation of the isolated fragments. CP with concentration of 6% was hydrolysed at 65℃ for 8 min with sulfuric acid of 0.025 mol/L,then the hydrolysate was separated using Bio-Gel P2 chromatography, 5 portions of fragments were obtained. The immunoactivities of these fragments were evaluated by using normal mice immunocytes with respect to lymphocytes proliferation, NK activity and ability of peritoneal macrophage phagocytizing neutral red. One fragment with relative molecular mass of 2057Da was found retaining immunoactivity.

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论述了基于MSC1210和复杂可编程逻辑器件设计的电源控制模块。MSC1210的P0和P2工作在访问外部存储器的方式,提高了控制模块的速度。在一片CPLD中集成了低位地址锁存、地址译码、数据总线、分频电路、比较、记数以及逻辑电路等。大大缩小了印制板的面积并提高了系统可靠性,同时由于CPLD的现场可编程特性,增强了整个系统的灵活性。

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应用空间直观景观模型(LANDIS)模拟了1987年大兴安岭北坡图强林业局特大森林火灾后在目前种植强度下,不同落叶松和樟子松种植比例(100%落叶松(P1)、70%落叶松和30%樟子松(P2)、50%落叶松和50%樟子松(P3)、30%落叶松和70%樟子松(P4)、100%樟子松(P5))以及完全依靠天然更新(P0)条件下森林景观的长期动态变化.结果表明,在演替的前期、中期和后期,不同种植比例均对落叶松、樟子松和白桦有显著影响;落叶松所占的面积百分比随时间的推移均呈上升趋势,而樟子松则相反;在各种植预案下,落叶松和樟子松的面积百分比均高于天然更新预案的比例,随着落叶松种植比例的增加,落叶松的多度也相应增加;樟子松在该区所占的面积百分比也随其种植比例的增大而增加.白桦在天然更新预案下所占的面积百分比明显高于种植预案下所占的比例;而不同落叶松和樟子松种植比例也对白桦面积有较大影响,樟子松种植的比例越大,白桦所占的面积百分比越高,说明落叶松比樟子松有更强的竞争能力.但P2、P3和P4预案下,落叶松和樟子松的面积所占比例相差不大,但要高于完全种植落叶松(P1)或樟子松(P)所占的比例.

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以辽宁彰武县保护性耕作示范推广基地土壤为研究对象,通过实地调查和取样分析,对比研究了传统犁耕和6a保护性耕作(免耕秸秆覆盖)条件下的土壤线虫c-p(colonizer-persister)类群及功能团,为评价保护性耕作的土壤生态效应提供理论依据。研究发现,与犁耕相比,保护性耕作显著增加了土壤线虫各c-p类群及绝大多数功能团的多度,但显著减少了Ba4和Om5功能团多度。此外,保护性耕作还改变了土壤线虫生活史和功能团的结构特征:在大部分研究土层,c-p1和c-p2线虫的相对多度显著提高,而c-p3、c-p4以及c-p3-5类群显著降低;Ba1、Ba2、Ba3、Fu4和H5功能团的相对多度显著提高,而Ba4、H3和Om5的相对多度显著降低,Fu2、H2和Om4相对多度的变化较复杂,在表土层表现为显著抑制,在15~30cm土层则为促进作用。土壤线虫c-p类群和功能团的多度及结构特征可能适合作为评价保护性耕作对土壤质量影响的生物学指标。

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理解森林景观的动态变化对于制定合理的森林管理措施和恢复规划有着重要的现实意义。应用空间直观森林景观模型(LANDIS)模拟小兴安岭友好林业局在当前天保工程方案下(P1)、自然演替方案下(P2)以及采伐后完全依赖天然更新方案下(P3)森林景观的动态变化。模拟结果表明:不同的森林管理方案对树种分布面积百分比、空间格局和年龄结构有显著的影响。与其他两个方案比较,当前天保工程方案(P1)可以显著增加造林树种(红松、落叶松和蒙古栎)面积,提高树种的聚集程度,减小白桦所占面积,但是在模拟的前50年,人工更新造林措施使得幼龄林所占面积百分比显著增加,而成过熟林的增加以及建立合理的林龄结构仍需很长的时间。

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采用空间直观森林景观模型(LANDIS)模拟了不同针、阔树种造林比例(P1,100%阔叶树;P2,70%阔叶树、30%针叶树;P3,50%阔叶树、50%针叶树;P4,30%阔叶树、70%针叶树;P5,100%针叶树)和采伐后完全依赖天然更新(P6)6种预案下2001—2201年小兴安岭友好林业局森林景观的动态变化.结果表明:人工更新造林措施可以有效地促进研究区森林资源的恢复,但单一营造针叶树的预案会使其阔叶树的面积百分比低于P6预案,而单一地营造阔叶树会导致该预案下针叶树的面积百分比低于P6预案;随着针叶树种造林比例的增加,针叶树(红松和落叶松)所占面积比例随之增加;随着阔叶树种造林比例的增加,阔叶树(蒙古栎)所占面积亦随之增加;人工更新造林措施减少了研究区白桦的分布面积.不同的造林措施不仅改变树种所占的面积百分比,还影响其空间格局:随着针叶树种造林比例的增加,针叶树(红松和落叶松)的聚集度指数随之增加;随着阔叶树种造林比例的增加,阔叶树(蒙古栎)的聚集度指数随之增加;人工更新造林措施对白桦的聚集度指数无明显影响.

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采用 3 12 D最优饱和设计和二次通用旋转组合设计 ,通过 8年连续试验 ,对辽西半干旱区影响农业生产的水、肥因素的耦合作用进行了田间试验 .讨论分析了N、P、水及其耦合作用对作物产量的影响 .施N、施P、灌水和覆盖秸秆的合理匹配能够明显提高作物产量 ,否则 ,不仅增加成本 ,而且由于加重作物的水分或养分胁迫 ,造成减产 .根据试验结果进行了生产要素的产量效益分析 ,提出了该地区小麦、玉米生产的水肥最佳经济配比 :小麦为生育期供水 12 0 .2mm ,N 5 8.5kg·hm-2 ,P2 O512 3 .0kg·hm-2 ;玉米为生育期灌水 173 .3mm ,N 2 5 6.5kg·hm-2 ,P2 O585 .5kg·hm-2 ,覆秸秆 85 0 9.5kg·hm-2 .

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本文在长期定位施肥试验基础上研究了黄土高原旱地不同施肥条件下冬小麦对水分的利用。结果表明 :旱地不同施肥连续 15年种植冬小麦后对土壤剖面含水量影响显著 ,施N或NP配合处理与CK和单施P处理剖面含水量差异均达显著或极显著水平 ,冬小麦对土壤储水的利用深度超过 2 0 0cm ,最大施肥处理N180kg/hm2 P2 O5180kg/hm2 小麦收获后 0~ 40 0cm剖面储水量比CK少 173 .89mm ,高N肥投入产量与生育年降水量显著相关 ,旱地土壤深层储水利用有很大的抗旱增产潜力

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采用田间正交旋转试验设计 ,于 1999年在延安市燕沟进行了小麦产量与氮肥 (N)、磷肥 (P2 O5)和有机肥 (M) 3因子 5水平的新修梯田地膜小麦试验。通过对试验结果数学建模及模型分析得出 ,本区影响产量的因子效应为 N >P≈ M,N肥产量效应约为磷肥、有机肥的 3倍 ,有机肥增产趋势在低肥力时最低 ,随着肥力水平提高 ,其增施肥料的增产能力增加 ,而氮肥、磷肥肥效均呈递减趋势 ,即肥效随施肥量增加而减小。还分析了本区小麦单位面积产量≥ 2 5 0 0 kg/ hm2 的优化施肥组合 ,筛选的施肥方案为 N 2 5 1.8~ 2 72 .5 kg/ hm2 ,P2 O510 8.9~136 .5 kg/ hm2 ,有机肥 12 80 0~ 16 40 0 kg/ hm2。均值依次为 2 6 1.1,12 5 .1和 146 0 0 kg/ hm2。

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根据长武试区 1986~ 1995年的统计资料并结合田间试验 ,对黄土旱塬麦田生态系统的主要物质 (氮、磷、钾 )循环及平衡特征进行了较为系统的分析。结果表明 ,农田中养分的流动量大 ,流通途径少 ,养分循环的开放性大 ,外循环规模大 ,内循环率小 ;系统养分平衡中 N基本保持收支平衡 ,K2 O入不敷出 ,P2 O5 输入大于输出 ;养分输入中 ,人工投入的化肥与有机肥是养分的主要来源 ,输出中 N主要集中于籽粒 ,K2 O主要集中于秸秆 ,P2 O5 主要残留于土壤中。指出在农业生产中 ,应采用秸秆还田以增加钾的投入 ,同时要增加氮肥投入尤其是有机肥的投入 ,而磷应以提高其有效性为主。

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Three new carbazole copolymers, poly(9-(2,5-diarene-[1,3,4]oxadiazole)-carbazole-alt-9-(2-ethylhexyl)-carbazole-3,6-diyl)s (P1), poly(9-(2,5-diarene-[1,3,4]oxadiazole)-2, 7-carbazole-alt-9-(2-ethylhexyl)-3, 6-carbazole-diyl)s (P2), and poly(9-(2,5-diarene-[1,3,4]oxadiazole)-carbazole-alt-9-(2-ethylhexyl)-carbazole-2,7-diyl)s (P3), were synthesized by the Suzuki coupling reaction

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Two novel triphenylamine-substituted poly(p-phenylenevinylene) derivatives, P1 and P2, have been successfully synthesized through the Witting-Horner reaction. The structures and properties of the monomers and the resulting polymers were characterized by using H-1 NMR, FT-IR, GPC, TGA, UV-vis absorption spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electroluminescence (EL) spectroscopy

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Self-assembly of binary blends of two triblock copolymers of poly(4-vinyl pyridine)-b-polystyrene-b-poly(4-vinyl pyridine), i.e., P4VP(43)-b-PS260-b-P4VP(43) (P1) and P4VP(43)-b-PS366-b-P4VP(43) (P2), in dioxane/water solution was studied. These two triblock copolymers individually tend to form vesicles (P2) and cylindrical micelles (P1) in dilute solution. It was found that copolymer components in the blend, sample preparation method, and annealing time had significant effect on hybridization aggregate morphology. By increasing P1 content in the copolymer blends, fraction of looped and stretched cylinders increased, while fraction of bilayers decreased. Nearly no bilayer was observed when P1 content was above 85 wt%.