51 resultados para Multi Domain Information Model


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The water-heat transfer process between land and atmosphere in Haibei alpine meadow area has been systematically observed. A multi-layer coupling model for land-atmosphere interaction was presented with special attention paid to the moisture transfer in leaf stomata under unsaturated condition. A profound investigation on the physical process of turbulent transfer inside the vegetation has been performed with a revised formula of water absorption for root system. The present model facilitates the study of vertically distributed physical variables in detail. Numerical simulation was conducted according to the transfer process of Kinesia humility meadow in the area of Haibei Alpine Meadow Ecosystem Station, CAS. The calculated results agree well with observation.

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A grating-lens combination unit is developed to form a scaling self-transform function that can self-image on scale. Then an array of many such grating-lens units is used for the optical interconnection of a two-dimensional neural network, and experiments are carried out. We find that our idea is feasible, the optical interconnection system is simple, and optical adjustment is easy. (C) 1998 Optical Society of America.

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分子系统发育分析的主要任务包括:(1)帮助建立生命之树(tree of life);(2)追踪基因和基因家族(gene family)的起源和进化, 以获知基因在进化过程中的功能分化和伴随发生的重要分子事件(key molecular events)和形态性状的关键创新(key innovation)。这两个方面在本研究中都有所涉及。对于前者,选用植物线粒体matR基因重建被子植物蔷薇类群的系统发育关系;对于后者,则以SET基因超家族为例,探讨其在真核生物中的进化分类以及与功能多样性的关系。 I 蔷薇类的分子系统学 蔷薇类(rosids)是基于分子数据建立的被子植物的主要分支之一,包含13个目,大约三分之一的被子植物物种。两个主要蔷薇类内部分支是豆类fabids(包含7个目)和锦葵类malvids(包含3个目)。然而,这两个分支内部,以及这两个分支与蔷薇类基部类群,包括牻牛儿苗目(Geraniales)、桃金娘目(Myrtales)和流苏子目(Crossosomatales)之间的关系大多是不清楚的。本研究中,我们选取174个物种来代表72个蔷薇类(rosids)的科,利用两个数据集,即线粒体matR单基因数据集和包括线粒体matR基因、两个质体基因(rbcL、 atpB)和一个核基因(18S rDNA) 的4基因数据集,重建蔷薇类在科以上分类阶元水平的系统发育关系。同时,还对线粒体matR基因的进化特征和用于大尺度系统发育分析的适合度和潜力进行了评价。 线粒体matR单基因数据支持malvids和大多数蔷薇类目的单系性质,然而,豆类(fabids)成员没有形成一个分支,其COM亚支,包括卫矛目(Celastrales)、酢浆草目(Oxalidales)、金虎尾目(Malpighiales)和蒜树科(Huaceae),分辨为锦葵类(malvids)的姐妹群。这个关系在最近根据花结构特征曾被提出过,但从未在之前的分子系统发育分析中得到分辨。4基因数据集支持首先是牻牛儿苗目(Geraniales),接着是桃金娘目(Myrtales)作为蔷薇类(rosids)的最基部的分支;流苏子目(Crossosomatales)是锦葵类(malvids)姐妹群,以及蔷薇类(rosids)的核心部分包括豆类(fabids),锦葵类(malvids)和流苏子目(Crossosomatales)。线粒体matR基因的进化特征分析显示,与两个叶绿体基因(rbcL 和atpB)比较,同义替代速率约是它们的1/4,而非同义替代速率接近于自身的同义替代速率,表明matR 基因具有松弛的选择压力。线粒体matR基因相对慢速的进化使非同源相似(homoplasious)突变减少,提高了系统发育信息的质量,同时,松弛的选择压力使非同义替代数量增加,弥补了慢速进化导致的系统发育信息数量不足的缺陷,这两个方面的结合使线粒体matR基因非常适用于被子植物在科以上水平的系统发育研究。 II SET基因超家族的系统发育基因组学分析 SET基因超家族基因编码含有SET结构域的蛋白,在真核生物中,SET-domain蛋白一般是多结构域(multi-domain)的。SET-domain蛋白具有对组蛋白H3和H4的N末端尾部进行赖氨酸残基甲基化修饰的酶活性;从异染色质形成到基因转录,甲基化的组蛋白广泛影响染色质水平的基因调控。依据SET结构域一级序列的相似性和结构域组织(domain architecture)特征,目前,SET-domain基因超家族被划分为4-7个家族。由于这些划分或者使用动物或者使用植物SET基因,只有少数其它类群的物种加入分析,因此这样的划分可能是不完整的。本研究采用系统发育基 因组学方法(phylogenomic approach),在真核生物范围内广泛取样,期望获得相对完整的SET-domain基因家族的 进化分类方案,在此基础上加深理解SET-domain基因的进化机制和功能多样性。 在提取了17个物种,代表5个真核超群的SET蛋白序列基础上,系统发育分析结合“结构域组织特征”鉴别了9个SET基因家族,其中一个是新的SET基因家族。以前的SET8和Class VI家族,及SMYD和SUV4-20家族分别合并为一个家族。大部分家族在进化过程中发生了2次以上的基因重复事件,通过获得不同的结构域产生具有不同功能的新基因。一个SET基因家族在进化过程中推测发生了从脊椎动物祖先向盘基网柄菌(Dictyostelium discoideum)的水平基因转移。

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安全数据库管理系统的安全策略可以为数据库提供强大的安全功能,现在BLP模型是用得比较普遍的策略模型之一。为了适应BLP模型,采用一种实用的多级关系模型作为安全数据库的基础,这是原有关系模型的扩展。该文描述了多级关系模型的原理和内容,特别对多级关系模型的分解与合并做了详细的阐述。并说明了这个模型适合于在多级安全操作系统上实现多级数据库管理系统。

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针对可信计算平台的原始直接匿名证明方案在多信任域的环境下存在的不足,提出了一种多信任域内的直接匿名证明方案.该方案扩展了原始的直接匿名证明方案,解决了可信计算平台在多信任域内的隐私性保护问题.利用理想系统/现实系统模型对该方案进行了安全性的分析和证明.分析表明,该方案满足匿名性和不可伪造性.最后分析方案的计算性能,实验验证了方案的有效性和可行性.

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对已有多级安全模型的可信主体支持进行回顾和分析,提出了DLS(离散标记序列)多级安全模型.该模型将可信主体的生命周期分解为一系列非可信状态,对每一个状态赋予一个敏感标记.可信主体的当前敏感标记等于当前非可信状态的敏感标记,非可信状态的切换由预定义的可信请求事件触发.从而可信主体的当前敏感标记可以根据其应用逻辑而动态调整.同时给出了模型保持系统安全性的安全状态和规则.与Bell模型等可信主体敏感标记范围模型相比,该模型在多级安全的策略范围内实现了可信主体的特权最小化.

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The on-way peak overpressure and flame propagation speed of gas deflagration in the tube with obstacles are important data for process safety. Based on carbon monoxide deflagration experiments, the paper presents a multi-zone integration model for calculation of on-way peak overpressure, in which the tube with obstacles is considered as a series of venting explosion enclosures which link each others. The analysis of experimental data indicates that the on-way peak overpressure of gas deflagration can be correlated as an empirical formula with equivalence ratio of carbon monoxide oxidation, expansion ratio, flame path length, etc., and that the on-way peak overpressure exhibits a linear relationship with turbulence factor and flame propagation speed. An empirical formula of flame propagation speed is given.

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克隆植物被认为比非克隆植物更宜于利用异质性环境。在复杂的空间异质环境中,克隆植物可能形成了各种有效利用环境异质性的适应对策。对于克隆植物适应机制的研究,前人已做了大量的工作,特别是从形态和生物量分配等方面对简单异质生境下克隆植物的克隆整合和克隆分工进行了详细的研究。本研究以分布广泛的克隆植物东方草莓(Fragaria orientalis)作为研究对象,应用野外调查和实验生态学方法,采用多对比度单资源模型和不同向双资源模型,从形态和生理生态的角度,研究复杂异质生境下克隆植物的整合和分工及其耗益问题,分析不同类型的生境对克隆植物整合和分工的修饰作用,进而探讨克隆植物对异质生境的适应策略。克隆构型和分株种群特征是植物克隆生长及其生态适应对策研究的基本内容。本文通过野外调查,研究在不同光照条件下东方草莓克隆构型、分株种群特征以及点分布格局。结果表明:东方草莓的克隆构型随光照发生相应的变化,低光照下其匍匐茎节间长和分枝角度均增大而分枝强度减小;随光照减弱,东方草莓分株种群的生物量、根冠比和分株种群密度显著降低;不同光照下东方草莓分株均以随机分布为主但不同尺度下有所差异,其分布格局强度依次为旷地<林缘<林下。结合克隆植物对资源的利用对策,探讨了克隆构型和分株种群特征以及分布格局随环境条件变化的生态适应意义。不同生境斑块条件下克隆植物可能采取不同的适应对策。采用盆栽实验,研究不同水分对比度下克隆整合及其生理生态特征,并对单向和交互资源中东方草莓的克隆整合做了对比研究。结果显示:高的水分对比度能够促进东方草莓的克隆整合,并能刺激相连分株增加光合作用,东方草莓体内的氧化—抗氧化系统也II随对比度做出相应的反应。耗-益分析表明胁迫分株的受益是以供给分株的损耗为代价的,但从克隆片段总体来说是受益的。单向资源中东方草莓生长的绝对值高于交互资源,但耗-益分析表明生长于交互资源下东方草莓的克隆整合获益大于生长于单向资源下东方草莓的克隆整合获益。长期生长于特定生境的克隆植物,在进化过程中其克隆整合和克隆分工在对资源异质性的适应策略方面可能有所侧重。采用盆栽实验对来自不同海拔梯度的东方草莓的克隆整合和克隆分工对异质资源的适应对策进行了研究。实验结果表明,来自高海拔的东方草莓可塑性较差。来自两个海拔的东方草莓对切断匍匐茎的表现有所差异,总体上切断匍匐茎对来自高海拔的东方草莓影响更大些。另外,来自高海拔的东方草莓表现出更高的克隆分工。IIIClonal plants are known to be more suitable for the habitats of heterogeneousresources than nonclonal plants, perhaps due to their well developed adaptivestrategies to environmental heterogeneity. Many studies have been done on theadaptive mechanisms of clonal plants, especially on the clonal integration anddivision of labor with morphology and biomass allocation under simpleheterogeneous habitats. Based on field surveys, laboratory experiments, multi-contrastunidirectional resource model and reciprocal resource model, Fragaria orientalis, aRosaceae stoloniferous herb that widely distributes in China, was used to study thisplant’s morphological and physiological responses to complicated heterogeneoushabitats in terms of its clonal integration, division of labor and cost-benefit, as well astheir modifications by different habitats, so as to better understand the adaptivestrategies of clonal plants under heterogeneous environments.Clonal architecture and ramet population characteristics are of the major concernin the studies on growth and adaptive strategies of clonal plants. Clonal architecture,ramet population characteristics and spatial point pattern of F. orientalis underdifferent light intensity were studied with field observations. The results showed that,clonal architecture changed with light availability: Internode-lengths and branchangels of stolons were larger while branch intensities were smaller under lower lightintensity than those under higher light intensity; Biomass of ramet population,root-shoot ratio and density of ramet population decreased significantly with reduce oflight intensity; Under all light intensities, spatial pattern of ramets was mainlyrandomly distributed but it changed with different scales, with pattern intensity as:open space < forest edge < understory. Adaptation significance of the clonal architecture, the ramet population characteristics and the spatial pattern changing withdifferent environments was discussed according to these results.Clonal plants may take different adaptive strategies under different patches. Withpot culture, clonal integration and physiological parameters of F. orientalis underdifferent water contrasts were studied, and clonal integration under unilateralresources and reciprocal resources were also compared. The results suggested that,high water contrast improve the clonal integration of F. orientalis and increase thephotosynthesis of connected ramets. Oxidative and antioxidative system of F.orientalis also responded with changing water contrasts. According to cost-benefitanalysis, the drought-stressed ramets obtained benefits from the connectedwell-watered ramets, and as a whole, the clonal fragment could also get benefits.Growth of F. orientalis in homogeneous resources was better than that inheterogeneous resources, but the whole plant got more benefit through clonalintegration in heterogeneous resources than in homogeneous resources.Pot culture experiments were also used to study the adaptive strategies inutilizing heterogeneous resources by the plant populations from different altitudes.The results showed that, F. orientalis from alpine zones were shorter and lessexpanded with poorer clonal plasticity than those from middle mountains. F.orientalis from two different altitudes showed different responses to stolon severing,and as a whole, stolon severing had more influence on F. orientalis from alpine zones.In addition, F. orientalis from alpine zones exhibited higher division of labor, whichsuggested that clonal plants from different habitats develop their own adaptivemechanisms in their clonal integration and division of labor in response toenvironmental heterogeneity.

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为有效地刻画和求解军事装备系统的维修规划问题,建立了一个以维修费用和任务能力为目标的约束优化模型,提出了一种求解装备维修规划问题的多目标禁忌搜索算法。模型考虑了维修器材和工时两种费用指标,并在数质量评估的基础上通过二次回归方程来分层评估装备系统的任务能力指标。算法采用两阶段搜索策略,第一阶段从维修数量下限出发,以任务能力为演化目标进行搜索,直至找到一个可行解;第二阶段以任务能力/维修费用比为演化目标进行搜索,不断改善整个非支配解集。实验表明,算法能够求解型号≥500种,数量≥45000的大规模问题,模型和算法求解的质量也在实际应用中得到了验证。

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The water-heat transfer process between land and atmosphere in Haibei alpine meadow area has been systematically observed. A multi-layer coupling model for land-atmosphere interaction was presented with special attention paid to the moisture transfer in leaf stomata under unsaturated condition. A profound investigation on the physical process of turbulent transfer inside the vegetation has been performed with a revised formula of water absorption for root system. The present model facilitates the study of vertically distributed physical variables in detail. Numerical simulation was conducted according to the transfer process of Kinesia humility meadow in the area of Haibei Alpine Meadow Ecosystem Station, CAS. The calculated results agree well with observation.

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考虑一类同时具有再分销、再制造和再利用的闭环供应链在逆向物流流量不确定环境下的运作问题.采用具有已知概率的离散情景描述逆向物流流量的不确定性,利用基于情景分析的鲁棒线性优化方法建立该闭环供应链的多目标运作模型.设计了一个数值算例,其结果验证了运作策略的鲁棒性.在该算例基础上,分析了逆向物流流量的大小对闭环供应链系统运作性能的影响.

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将GPS、电子罗盘、倾角仪、码盘传感器等应用到可变形机器人自主运动控制中.针对可变形机器人自身结构特点,提出了一种基于多传感器信息融合的可变形机器人在野外环境中自主控制的方法.该方法主要实现了在非结构环境中机器人的自主变形、自主避障和自主导航定位等功能.实验验证了该方法的有效性.

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多传感器信息融合技术是目前移动机器人领域的研究热点。详细阐述了多传感器信息融合技术在移动机器人领域中的应用与研究进展,尤其对多传感器信息融合实现方法进行了深入的探讨。指明了移动机器人领域中多传感器信息融合技术未来的发展方向。

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提出了IDEF与UML两者结合的系统建模方法,能够有效地避免IDEF对信息过程流建模和UML语义描述精确性及使用灵活性的不足.该方法采用IDEF0进行系统功能建模,用IDEF1x和UML模型进行信息建模和面向对象的软件系统设计.用该方法设计的沈阳某冶金设备有限公司的基于组件的生产过程管理系统模型具有良好的维护性、可扩展性和重用性,证明了该方法的可行性.