82 resultados para Laufkäfer, Habitatfragmentierung, Überflutung, RAPD-Analyse
Resumo:
向日葵原产北美,通过人工培育,在不同生境上形成许多品种,具有丰富的遗传多态性,是一种集观赏植物、药用植物、油料作物于一体,经济价值很高的资源植物,产量高,具有较强的适应性。运用现代生物技术加强对向日葵种质资源的开发和保护,开展遗传多样性分析,加速新品种的选育,是当前向日葵研究工作的重点。随着现代生物技术的发展,从分子水平检测生物的遗传多态性已成为现实。本论文以向日葵生产中使用的基因型为实验材料,使用RAPD技术在向日葵种质资源遗传多态性分析以及向日葵杂交种种子纯度鉴定两方面进行了探讨。 采用RAPD 技术对我国21个向日葵基因型和11个国外的向葵基因型的遗传多态性进行分析。从80个10碱基随机引物中筛选出25个有效引物,在32个基因型中共扩增出188条DNA片段,其中164条带具有遗传多态性,约占总数的87.2%。使用NTSYS软件计算32个基因型间的Nei氏相似性系数,在此基础上通过非加权配对算术平均法(UPGMA)聚类,将32个向日葵基因型明显地聚成A、B两大类群。A类群包括21个国内向日葵基因型,并聚成了A1、A2二个亚类。B类群包括11个国外向日葵基因型,并划分为B1、B2两个亚类。根据聚类结果作出的遗传树谱图反映了所研究的向日葵基因型的亲缘关系。 在杂交种A15种子纯度鉴定中,从180个RAPD随机引物中扩增筛选出3个可将亲本和子代区分开的引物OPD09、OPD12和OPK12。OPD09产生亲本互补的特征带OPD09-1470bp、OPD09-870bp;OPD12产生母本特征带OPD12-1230bp,OPK12产生父本特征带OPK12-1540bp、OPK12-940bp,上述谱带均在子代中出现。以单引物(OPD09)和双引物(OPD12和OPK12)产生的这两组特征谱带作为分子标记分别对杂交油葵种子纯度进行鉴定得到了一致的结果,并与大田纯度检测结果基本符合。 实践表明,用RAPD对向日葵种质资源进行分析是可行的。
Resumo:
随机扩增多态DNA分析法(RAPD)是一种有效的近交系实验动物遗传监测手段。实验中一个有趣的结果是, 在OPG2、OPE4、OPE9的扩增产物中, 发现了严格的性别依赖的RAPD标记。OPE9扩增产物中, 凡雄性个体都有一条0.88kb的标记。OPG2、OPE4则在所有的雄性个体中多扩增出一条约1.2kb的带。通过交叉PCR扩增和斑点杂交证明OPG2、OPE4得到的雄性特异性RAPD标记虽分子大小一致, 但不具同源性。这些性别相关RAPD标记的染色体定位和性质分析正在进一步进行中。
Resumo:
根据遗传距离建立的系统树显示,黑叶猴与白头叶猴亲缘关系最近,且两者都不是单系群。白头叶猴3与黑叶猴6的亲缘关系比与白头叶猴1、2的更近。根据系统树中的关系对群体进行了t检验,结果显示:在5%水平上,白头叶猴与黑叶猴有显著差异;然而,在同样的水平上白头叶猴1、2、3和黑叶猴6、2、3组成的群体也显著区别于黑叶猴1、4、5组成的群体。系统树和t检验结果表明,白头叶猴与黑叶猴之间遗传差异水平较低,近期两者之间可能存在基因流。结合形态学特征和地理分布特点,结果支持白头叶猴可能是黑叶猴的一个亚种的观点。
Resumo:
二花脸猪、杜洛克猪群内遗传距离指数分别为0.0371、0.0345,遗传多样性指数分别为0.486、0.431,两品种间存在着DNA分子水平上的差异;利用RAPD技术可以快速有效地检测猪的DNA多态性,RAPD技术在猪基因组研究中有广阔的应用前景。
Resumo:
腾冲马和新丽江马品种内的遗传变异显著高于文山马和乌蒙马,遗传变异68.06%存在于群体内。系统聚类图中品种内大多数个体聚在一起,文山马和乌蒙马聚成一个大类,腾冲马和新丽江马又聚成一个大类,说明文山马和乌蒙马以及腾冲马和新丽江马有较近的亲缘关系。
Resumo:
云南甘蔗细茎野生种不同生态类型的遗传变异较大,具有丰富的遗传多样性;低纬度类型的遗传多样性明显高于高纬度类型,在相同的纬度范围内,随着海拔的升高,其多态性逐渐减少;基于分子聚类分析,86份材料被划分为8个不同群体,表现出明显的地理分布的特点。
Resumo:
Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers are used to investigate genetic variation and evolutionary relationships of 29 samples of Cordyceps sinensis from different geographical populations on the Qinghai-Tibet plateau. Out of 137 RAPD bands scored, 100 are polymorphic. A correlation is revealed between geographical distance and genetic distance. The molecular phylogenetic tree suggests that the 29 samples are divided into three notable clusters, corresponding to the geographical populations, i.e., the north population (NP), middle population (MP), and south population (SP). The NP consists of 7 northern samples from Menyuan, Maqu, and Luqu, the MP consists of 8 samples from Yushu and Chengduo, and the SP consists of 14 samples from Byma Snow Mountain, Renzhi Snow Moutain, Chongcaoxiwa, and Dacaodi. It is demonstrated that extensive genetic diversity is found among different geographical populations of C. sinensis. The genetic diversity pattern of C. sinensis may be caused by the founder effects. The taxonomic status of NP, MP, and SP populations should be that they are different subspecies rather than different species.
Resumo:
Six sample specimens of Trachypithecus francoisi and 3 of T. leucocephalus were analyzed by use of allozyme electrophoresis and random amplified polymorphism DNA (RAPD) in order to clarify the challenged taxonomic status of the white-head langur. Among the 44 loci surveyed, only 1 locus (PGM-2) was found to be polymorphic. Nei's genetic distance was 0.0025. In total, thirty 10-mer arbitrary primers were used for RAPD analysis, of which 22 generated clear bands. Phylogenetic trees were constructed based on genetic distances using neighbor-joining and UPGMA methods. The results show that T. francoisi and T: leucocephalus are not monophyletic. T. francoisi from Guangxi, China and Vietnam could not be clearly distinguished, and they are not divided into 2 clusters. A t-test was performed to evaluate between genetic distances within and between T. leucocephalus and T. francoisi taxa groups. The statistical test shows that the taxa group within T: leucocephalus and T: francoisi does not significantly differ from that between T: leucocephalus and T: francoisi at the 5% level. Our results suggest that the level of genetic differentiation between T, leucocephalus and T. francoisi is relatively low. Recent gene flow might exist between T. francoisi and T. leucocephalus. Combining morphological features, geographical distribution, allozyme data, RAPD data, and mtDNA sequences, we suggest that the white-head langur might be a subspecies of T. francoisi.
Resumo:
用RAPD标记技术来分析属级或属级以上分类单元的亲缘关系,具有一定的适用性。对于一些遗传差异较大的类群(如裂腹鱼类),应用属级或属级以上分类单元的亲缘关系,很可能会出现个体之间遗传距离接近或达到100%的情况,从而无法探讨其相互之间的亲缘关系。
Resumo:
<正>秀丽白虾(Exopalaemon modestus)广泛分布于我国淡水湖泊及河流中,南北均产。在太湖的虾类组成中,秀丽白虾占50%以上。近年来,由于水质污染和过度捕捞等原因,太湖秀丽白虾的繁衍、生存受到了很大威胁,白虾种质资源保护及