功能菌强化应急处理苯胺突发污染事故研究

近年来各种环境污染事故频发，据统计仅2001~2003年间，发生的各类环境污染事故就高达5606次，其中水污染事故3235次，占全部的57.7%。这些事故不仅给人民生命财产造成巨大损失，也给生态环境造成严重的破坏。因此开发安全高效的应急处理技术迫在眉睫。本研究以筛选高效苯胺降解菌为基础，通过对高效菌降解性能的研究指导将高效菌作为功能郡主投加到已有生物处理系统强化应急处理苯胺突发污染事故废液，取得了良好的效果。 苯胺高效降解菌AN-P1为红球菌（Rhodococcus sp.），其通过间位途径降解苯胺，AN-P1利用苯胺生长和降解的最佳pH为6，最适浓度为2000 mg/L，最适温度为30 ℃，最佳接种量为0.3‰。AN-P1降解含500 mg/L、1000 mg/L、2000 mg/L苯胺的培养物分别经过28 h、24 h、32 h降解，出水苯胺含量能达到《污水综合排放标准》（GB8978-1996）一级标准。但由于苯胺降解过程中释放了大量氨氮，出水氨氮仍较高未能达标排放。而常规SBR系统应急处理效果较差，苯胺和COD去除率均低于10%，出水未能达标排放。活性碳吸附后的回收和后续处理也会带来操作不变和二次污染问题，且处理后出水往往难于达标排放，尚需进行进一步处理。 生物处理系统应急处理后恢复运行处理效果监测和PCR-DGGE图谱分析显示，用AN-P1菌强化应急处理系统后不仅能快速高效的去除苯胺，而且可以有效保障处理系统对污染物的净化性能，有效的保护系统中的功能微生物免受苯胺毒害。 研究结果表明，从实际处理效果、对原有生物系统性能保护及实际应用操作等多方面考虑，用AN-P1菌强化应急处理苯胺突发污染事故在技术上都是可行的。本研究为应急处理苯胺突然污染事故废液提供了新的方法。 Recent years, environment pollution accidents happened frequently, the data showed that there are 5606 accidents between 2001 and 2003, including 3235 water environment accidents, which is 57.7% of all. These accedents not only caused money lost and life lost but also caused serious damage to the ecologicl environment. So exploring highly-effective and secure methods to solve these accidents is an urgent mission. We screened a highly-effective aniline-degrading bacterium and did some researches on its ability to degrade aniline, in order to guide the emergency treatment of aniline containing wastewater that caused by sudden accident pollution with bioaugmentation. A highly-effective aniline-degrading bacterium AN-P1 was isolate and characterized as Rhodococcus sp. It degrades aniline through meta-cleavage pathway. The optimal pH and temperature for cell growth and aniline degradation were 6 and 30 ℃, respectively, and the opitimal concentration of aniline was 2000 mg/L, the optimal inoculation amount was 0.3‰.It took bacterium AN-P1 only 18 h, 24 h and 32 h, respectively, for the treatment of MSB containing 500 mg/L, 1000 mg/L, 2000 mg/L aniline to meet the first grade of national some of the NH4+-N which caused by aniline degradation. It took bacterium AN-P1 only 10 h, 20 h and 32 h, respectively, for the treatment of wastewater containing 500 mg/L, 1000 mg/L, 2000 mg/L aniline to meet the first grade of national integrated wastewater discharge standard. The bacterium AN-P1 can also remove some of the NH4+-N which caused by aniline degradation. It took bacterium AN-P1 only 10 h, 20 h and 32 h, respectively, for the treatment of wastewater containing 500 mg/L, 1000 mg/L, 2000 mg/L aniline to meet the first grade of national integrated wastewater discharge standard. By combing AN-P1 with regular SBR system, it took only 36 h for the emergency treatment of wastewater containing 2000 mg/L aniline under simulating engineering conditions to meet the discharge standard. While the NH4+-N of effluent can not meet the standard because of the high amount NH4+-N caused by aniline degradation. The regular SBR system was not good at aniline and COD removal. The removal efficiency of which are less than 10%. It cost 67.8 g activated carbon to absorbed 1000 mg aniline. It is inconvenient to transport and use it for the emergency treatment of aniline when the sudden pollution accident happened. Meanwhile, it was complex ad hard to recycle the activated carbon and treat the aniline wastewater get from activated carbon recycling too. Hard to meet the effluent standard was also a problem of activated carbon absorption method. According to the PCR-DGGE profile and removal efficiency of pollutants and COD when the systerm recover from emergency treatment, AN-P1 can efficiently protect the microbial community of regular activated sludge system against the aniline. It proved that combing AN-P1 with regular biological system is a feasible strategy for emergency treatment of aniline sudden pollution accident. The research offered a new way for emergency treatment of aniline sudden pollution accident.

亚硝酸盐反硝化除磷工艺的影响因素

目的研究以亚硝酸盐为电子受体的反硝化除磷工艺中的运行参数以及影响因素.方法采用序批式反应器(SBR),在厌氧/缺氧条件下,利用亚硝酸盐为电子受体进行反硝化除磷的静态对比试验,改变温度、电子受体质量浓度、泥龄等因素,考察此工艺的最佳运行条件.结果在反硝化除磷工艺中,乙酸钠是较理想的碳源;当亚硝酸盐质量浓度在30 mg/L时,TP的去除效果最佳,过高则产生抑制作用;当泥龄为32 d,温度控制在25℃时,反硝化除磷效果最为理想.结论反硝化除磷系统是一个复杂的集合体,其影响因素主要有温度、电子受体浓度、污泥龄等,控制工艺最佳运行条件对获得较好的反硝化除磷效果非常重要,并为反硝化除磷工艺的应用提供参考依据.

铁系3,4-聚异戊二烯橡胶的性能

考察了以异辛酸铁、三异丁基铝和偶氮二异丁腈催化剂在己烷中50℃下制备的3,4-聚异戊二烯(3,4-IR)[3,4(+1,2)结构质量分数约为50%,ML110+04℃为52,玻璃化转变温度为-21.6℃]与SBR或NR质量比为20/80组成的共混胶的力学性能和粘弹性能。SBR/3,4-IR和NR/3,4-IR共混胶与SBR或NR相比,其拉伸强度和扯断伸长率有所下降,回弹性明显降低,但硬度基本不变。根据0℃和60℃下的损耗因子tanδ值可知,3,4-IR可明显提高SBR或NR硫化胶的抗湿滑性能,并使滚动阻力有所降低。

低相对分子质量铁系3,4-聚异戊二烯橡胶的性能

考察了制备的低相对分子质量3,4-聚异戊二烯与SBR或NR按20/80质量比组成的共混胶的力学性能和粘弹性能。结果表明,SBR/3,4-IR和NR/3,4-IR共混胶与SBR或NR相比,其拉伸强度、拉断伸长率和永久变形有所下降,回弹性明显降低,但硬度基本不变。根据0°C和60°C下的损耗因子tanδ值可知,3,4-IR可明显提高SBR或NR硫化胶的抗湿滑性能,对滚动阻力无明显的影响。

The influence of arrangement of St in MBS on the properties of PVC/MBS blends

Three series of MBS core-shell impact modifiers were prepared by grafting styrene and methyl methacrylate onto PB or SBR seed latex in emulsion polymerization. All the MBS modifiers were designed to have the same total chemical composition, and MMA/Bd/St equals 30/42/28, which is a prerequisite for producing transparent blends with PVC. Under this composition, there were three different ways of arrangement for styrene in MBS, which led to the different structure of MBS modifier. The concentration of MBS in PVC/MBS blends was kept at a constant value of 20 wt.%. The effects of arrangement of St in MBS on the mechanical and optical properties of PVC/MBS blends were studied. The notched Izod impact test results showed that the MBS with a PB homopolymer core grafted with St had a lowest brittle-ductile transition (BDT) temperature and BDT temperature increased with the amount of St copolymerized with Bd in the core of MBS. The transparency of blends also increased with the amount of St copolymerized with Bd in the core. TEM results showed that the arrangement of St in MBS influenced the deformation behavior. Two deformation modes were observed in the blends: cavitation and shear yielding.

环化丁苯橡胶的表征

在SBR中加入环化试剂AlEt2Cl-C6H5CH2Cl,在120℃ ,20min条件下制备了环化SBR ,并借助IR ,1H -NMR ,DSC ,GPC等方法对产物性能进行了表征。结果表明 ,二甲苯溶剂参与了环化反应 ,且随环化度增加 ,参与反应的二甲苯量也逐渐增加 ,并确定了环结构的形成。利用 1H -NMR谱图导出了环化SBR的环化度和溶剂参与量的计算公式

Cationic cyclization of styrene-butadiene rubber

Controlled cyclization of styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) was achieved with the aid of cationic catalyst system based on diethylaluminium chloride (AIEt(2)Cl) and benzyl chloride (C6H5CH2Cl) and by working in xylene solution at high temperature (T > 100 degreesC). The main parameters of the cyclization process were investigated. Elastomers with low intrinsic viscosity, ready solubility, free gel were obtained. The products were characterized with IR H-1-NMR, DSC, GPC. The polycyclic structure was determined. (C) 2001 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd.

MORPHOLOGY AND DYNAMIC MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES OF AB CROSS-LINKED POLYMERS BASED ON POLYURETHANES

Polyoxypropylene glycol (PPG) (or castor oil) and toluene diisocyanate (TDI) were mixed, and the prepolymer polyurethane (PU) (I) was formed. Vinyl-terminated polyurethane (II) was prepared from (I), and hydroxyethyl acrylate, AB crosslinked polymers (ABCPs) were synthesized from (II) and vinyl monomers such as styrene, methyl methacrylate, vinyl acetate, etc. The dynamic mechanical properties and morphology of ABCPs were measured. The ABCPs based on PPG have double glass transition temperatures (T(g)) on the sigma-vs. temperature curves. They display a two-phase morphology with plastic components forming the continous phase and PU-rich domains forming the separated phase on the electron micrographs. Irregular shapes and a highly polydisperse distribution of PU-rich domain sizes were observed. The crosslink density of ABCPs has a notable effect on the morphology and properties. The average diameter of the PU-rich domains depends on the molecular weight of prepolymer PPG. The highly crosslinked structures will produce large numbers of very small domains. ABCPs based on castor oil show a single T(g) relaxation on the dynamic mechanical spectra. The compatibility between the two components is much better in ABCPs based on castor oil than in those based on PPG, because there is a high crosslink density in the former. Comparison of the dynamic mechanical spectra of ABCP and interpenetrating networks (IPN) based on castor oil with similar crosslink density and composition imply that the two components in ABCP are compatible whereas microphase separation occurs in IPN. An improvement in the compatibility is achieved by the crosslinking between the two networks.

线性低密度聚乙烯/橡胶共混体系的相容性研究

本文用FTIR-ATR方法考察了线性低密度聚乙烯与天然橡胶(NR)及丁苯橡胶(SBR)两个共混体系,发现NR的835cm~(-1)和SBR的964cm~(-1)两个吸收峰因与聚乙烯共混而增高变窄,说明聚乙烯的非晶链段和橡胶分子之间存在一定程度的相互作用。

聚异丁烯共混物的辐射效应研究

本文研究了聚异丁烯(PIB)与聚乙烯(PE)、乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物(EVA)、丁苯橡胶(SBR)、乙丙橡胶(EPR)、1,2-聚丁二烯(1,2-PB)共混物的辐射效应。发现聚异丁烯与EPR的机械共混物,经辐照后共混物中的PIB发生交联,而且交联是在一定辐照剂量和组成比范围内发生的。当聚异丁烯含量为70％时交联度最高。聚异丁烯与PE、1,2-PB的共混物中的聚异丁烯只发生了部分交联,而它与其它聚合物的共混物经辐照后共混物中的聚异丁烯仍然发生裂解。

高1,2-聚丁二烯及通用橡胶的流变性质

采用多速粘度计和Monsanto试验机联用,在表观剪切速率为3×10~(-8)—2.5×10~8s~(-1)时观察了高1,2-聚丁二烯(PB)生胶与顺式1,4-PB,EPDM,SBR 1500在流变性质上的差异。高1,2-PB虽在中等剪切速率下有较高的粘度,但在低、高剪切速率时的粘度均较低,这一特性有利于它的加工。高1,2-PB在低剪切速率下的流动活化能较其他橡胶高,故抗冷流性能优越,易于存放。