Bioaccumulative characteristics of hexabromocyclododecanes in freshwater species from an electronic waste recycling area in China

Hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDs) are now emerging ubiquitous contaminants due to their wide usage, persistence and toxicities. To investigate the bioaccumulative characteristics of HBCDs, sediments, Winkle (Littorina littorea), crucian carp (Carassius carassius) and loach (Misgurnus anguillicaudatus) were collected from two streams near an E-waste dismantling site in China. and HBCD exposure test was then conducted on Chinese rare minnow. The concentration of HBCDs was 14 ng g(-1) dry weight in sediments, 186. 377 and 1791 ng g(-1) lipid weight in winkle, crucian carp and loach, respectively. gamma-HBCD was found to be the dominant diastereoisomer in the sediments (63% of total HBCDs). However, alpha-HBCD was selectively accumulated in the biotic samples and contributed to 77%, 63% and 63% of total HBCDs in winkle, crucian carp and loach, respectively. Moreover, an enrichment of (-)-enantiomers of alpha- and gamma-HBCD were found in the winkle. The reverse results were observed in the crucian carp and loach. Similar observations of diastereoisomeric and enantiomeric composition were obtained in Chinese rare minnow with those found in the crucian carp and loach. These results indicate that the freshwater species from the streams are contaminated by HBCDs. alpha-HBCD can be selectively accumulated in organisms and the accumulative characteristics are enantioselective among species. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Nonradiative recombination centers in Ga(As,N) and their annealing behavior studied by Raman spectroscopy

Nitrogen-related defects in diluted Ga(As,N) have been detected by Raman scattering in resonance with the localized E+ transition. These defects are attributed to local vibrational modes of nitrogen dimers on Ga- and As-lattice sites. Rapid thermal annealing under appropriate conditions is found to be able to remove the nitrogen dimers. The required minimum annealing temperature coincides with the threshold-like onset of strong, near-band-gap photoluminescence. This finding suggests that the nitrogen dimers are connected with nonradiative recombination centers. (C) 2004 American Institute of Physics.

The structural and photoluminescence character of InAs quantum dots grown on a combined InAlAs and GaAs strained buffer

The structural and photoluminescence (PL) properties of the InAs quantum dots (QDs) grown on a combined InAlAs and GaAs strained buffer layer have been investigated by AFM and PL measurements. The dependence of the critical thickness for the transition from 2D to 3D on the thickness of GaAs layer is demonstrated directly by RHEED. The effects of the introduced-InAlAs layer on the density and the aspect ratio of QDs have been discussed.

种子汽泡传热原理与实验研究

两相流动不稳定性是在各种水力学直径通道内所遇到的复杂现象，这些不稳定性对热能系统可能造成有害影响。本文以丙酮为工质，在受热微通道入口处设置微汽泡发生器，采用脉冲电压激励产生可控微汽泡，并以微汽泡为种子尝试对热微通道内沸腾不稳定性及传热的控制。实验研究表明低频种子汽泡热控能够减轻各参数的脉动幅度；高频种子汽泡热控能彻底抑制沸腾不稳定性；种子汽泡技术的优点是能够在各发泡频率下抑制沸腾不稳定性，强化换热。本研究结果为解决微通道内沸腾不稳定性提供了一种崭新有效的手段，大大延长了待冷却芯片的使用寿命。

Using HPLC retention parameters to estimate fish bioconcentration factors of organic compounds

Reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) was employed to develop predictive models for fish bioconcentration factors (BCF) of organic compounds. Estimation of BCF from RP-HPLC retention parameters on octadecyl-bonded silica gel (ODS), cyanopropyl-bonded silica gel (CN), and phenyl-bonded silica gel (Ph) columns were investigated. The results show that, for a set of compounds belonging to different chemical classes, the CN stationary phase is the best one among the three columns and better than n-octanol/water model for BCF estimation. A multi-column RP-HPLC model, using the retention parameters on the CN and Ph columns as the variables of multiple linear regression equations, was further evaluated to estimate BCF of organic compounds belonging to different chemical classes, and the results show that the multi-column RP-HPLC model is better than that of any single RP-HPLC column for BCF estimation.

耕作方法和除草剂对玉米田杂草群落的影响

应用群落生态学方法,在中国科学院沈阳生态实验站对玉米田杂草群落进行了调查研究,探讨了耕作方法和除草剂对杂草群落组成、多样性和生物量的影响.结果表明,玉米田优势种杂草为野黍、苘麻、大狼把草和鸭趾草,其中野黍重要值最高;免耕不施加除草剂处理6月下旬杂草生物量较大,5月末到8月中旬物种丰富度较高(S),7月14日和8月1日均匀度(J)较低,优势集中性(C)较高,均与常规施加除草剂处理有显著差异.施用除草剂可减少免耕玉米田杂草种类,抑制杂草生物量的增长.耕作方法和除草剂可对杂草群落组成、多样性及稳定性产生影响.

Novel aliphatic poly(ester-carhonate) with pendant allyl ester groups and its folic acid functionalization

A series of novel poly(ester-carbonate)s bearing pendant allyl ester groups P(LA-co-MAC)s were prepared by ring-opening copolymerization Of L-lactide (LA) and 5-methyl-5-allyloxycarbonyl-1,3-dioxan-2-one (MAC) with diethyl zinc (ZnEt2) as initiator. NMR analysis investigated the microstructure of the copolymer. DSC results indicated that the copolymers displayed a single glass-transition temperature (T-g), which was indicative of a random copolymer, and the Tg decreased with increasing carbonate content in the copolymer.