449 resultados para HIPS-g-MA


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采用选择性溶剂交替抽提的方法提纯在PE-g-PB-g-MA/PA6共混物中原位生成的接枝共聚物PE-g-PB-g-PA6,通过TEM﹑XPS﹑XRD﹑DSC等方法研究了该接枝共聚物的形貌与结晶行为。结果表明,PA6链段的结晶受到相形貌和分子结构的限制,扩散速度降低,导致在通常的结晶速率条件下(10℃/min)结晶不完善。

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以过氧化二异丙苯 (DCP)为引发剂 ,甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯 (GMA)为活性单体 ,高抗冲苯乙烯(HIPS)通过熔融接枝制得了功能化的高抗冲聚苯乙烯接枝物 (HIPS g GMA)。用红外光谱和电子能谱对其结构进行了表征。HIPS g GMA的红外谱图 ,证明GMA已经接枝到HIPS上。电子能谱分析也提供了相似的结论。研究了单体浓度和DCP用量对产物接枝率的影响 ,并用化学滴定方法测定了接枝物的接枝率。用DSC、SEM、WAXD、DMA等研究了PBT/HIPS和PBT/HIPS g GMA的结晶、形态结构、动态力学性能及力学性能随组成的变化。SEM及DMA分析表明增容后体系的相容性得到改善 ,力学性能有较大提高。

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In this paper, we focus on the dipole mode of the two-dimensional (2D) photonic crystal (PC) single point defect cavity (SPDC) lasers and we report the fabrication and characterization of 2D PC SPDC lasers with the structure of adjusted innermost air holes. The photonic band and cavity Q factors are simulated by means of plane wave expansion (PWE) and finite-difference time-domain (FDTD), respectively. In order to improve the optical confinement of the SPDC, the diameter of the innermost holes was adjusted. Different lasing performances are observed experimentally. The experimental results agree with the theoretical prediction very well. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

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SiO2/Si/SiO2 nanometer double barriers (SSSNDB) with Si layers of twenty-seven different thicknesses in a range of 1-5 nm with an interval of 0.2 nm have been deposited on p-Si substrates using two-target alternative magnetron sputtering. Electroluminescence (EL) from the semitransparent Au film/SSSNDB/p-Si diodes and from a control diode without any Si layer have been observed under forward bias. Each EL spectrum of all these diodes can be fitted by two Gaussian bands with peak energies of 1.82 and 2.25 eV, and full widths at half maximum of 0.38 and 0.69 eV, respectively. It is found that the current, EL peak wavelength and intensities of the two Gaussian bands of the Au/SSSNDB/p-Si structure oscillate synchronously with increasing Si layer thickness with a period corresponding to half a de Broglie wavelength of the carriers. The experimental results strongly indicate that the EL originates mainly from two types of luminescence centres with energies of 1.82 and 2.25 eV in the SiO2 barriers, rather than from the nanometer Si well in the SSSNDB. The EL mechanism is discussed in detail.

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In this paper, we focus on the dipole mode of the two-dimensional (2D) photonic crystal (PC) single point defect cavity (SPDC) lasers and we report the fabrication and characterization of 2D PC SPDC lasers with the structure of adjusted innermost air holes. The photonic band and cavity Q factors are simulated by means of plane wave expansion (PWE) and finite-difference time-domain (FDTD), respectively. In order to improve the optical confinement of the SPDC, the diameter of the innermost holes was adjusted. Different lasing performances are observed experimentally. The experimental results agree with the theoretical prediction very well. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

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一种新型的聚烯烃弹性体(乙烯-α-烯烃共聚物)EOCP,在引发剂过氧化二异丙苯(DCP)的作用下,与马来酸酐(MA)发生接枝反应,实现了EOCP的官能化,MA的接枝率在0.13~0.92wt%之间。对于弹性体改性尼龙1010 (PA1010)体系,膜抽提实验,间接证实了原位接枝产物PA1010-g- (MA-g-EOCP)的形成。弹性体含量为15wt%时,PA1010/EOCP-g-MA共混物的缺口冲击强度、断裂伸长率、熔体流动速率值在接枝率为0.51wt%处均出现极值;接枝率为0.30~0.51wt%是增韧尼龙的最佳范围;分散相的平均粒径与弹性体的接枝率成反比。少量的接枝弹性体(约12wt%,接枝率为0.51wt%)即能实现PA1010的脆韧转变;形态分析表明,EOCP改性PA1010体系,分散相的平均粒径与其含量成正比,而EOCP-g-MA改性PA1010体系,分散相的平均粒径几乎与其含量无关。WAXD、偏光显微镜及DSC研究表明:EOCP对PA1010的晶型不产生影响;EOCP-g-MA作为异相成核剂,使PA1010球晶向细晶化方向发展,而且随着接枝弹性体含量的增多而加强;DSC分析进一步证实了接枝弹性体促进了PA1010的结晶。EOCP-g-MA是制备PA6/PP合金的一种高效增容剂和改性剂;形态分析显示:EOCP-g-MA改善了尼龙相与聚丙烯相之间的相容性;相对于纯弹性体,接枝弹性体改性的PA6/PP共混体系,形成PA6与PP的共连续相结构,要求组分中有更多的PA6。

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针对聚β一经基丁酸酷(PHB)加工窗口窄、脆性严重等不足,本论文采用在PHB分子链上接枝极性小分子顺丁烯二酸醉(MA)和将PHB与聚8一已内醋(PCL)进行醋交换的方法对其分子链进行化学修饰,试图通过PHB的分子结构变化改变其聚集态结构,从而使PHB在性能上有较大幅度的提高。获得的主要研究结果如下:1.本工作采用自由基引发聚合方法研究了PHB与MA的接枝反应。讨论了各种反应条件,如溶剂种类、单体浓度、引发剂浓度、反应时间和温度等对接枝反应的影响,确定了PHB接枝MA的最佳反应条件。采用对酸配基团进行化学滴定和~(13)C NMR方法对接枝产物的接枝率和结构进行了表征。结果表明,M八接枝到PHB的叔碳原子上,接枝率可以控制在0.2∽0.85%的范围内。2.采用DSC、WARD、POM和TGA等方法对PHB及其接枝顺丁烯二酸配共聚物(PHB-g-MA)的结晶行为、·热稳定性和生物降解特性进行了研究。结果表明:接枝产物的热稳定性明显优于PHB,热分解温度随接枝率不同提高了20-40℃。接枝后,MA基团阻碍了PHB的结晶,降低了PHB的结晶能力,使得PHB的结晶行为发生很大的变化。结晶温度降低,冷结晶温度升高,结晶焙略有下降。与PHB相比,PHB-g-MA的球晶环带结构变得清晰规整,随着接枝率的提高,球晶的环带宽度逐渐增加。在 DSC升温过程中PHB-g-MA发生重结晶,产生熔融双峰现象。但是WAXD的实验结果表明,PHB接枝MA并没有改变它的结晶结构。J . PHB接枝MA后,PHB的力学性能保持不变,并且MA基团能够促进PHB的生物降解和改善PHB的溶解性。4.采用FTIR和‘~1H NMR研究了PHB-g-MA的热分解机理。结果表明,PHB-g-MA的热分解机理与PHB相同:在高温条件下,PHB分子链的醋基部分形成六元环结构,断链时夺取亚甲基氢,生成竣基和双键两种端基。5.采用TGA方法选择不同的升温速率研究了PHB和不同接枝率的PHB-g-MA的热分解行为。PHB-g-MA的热分解温度随着接枝率的增加逐渐增加,然后逐渐下降。接枝率为0.56%时,PHB-g-MA的热分解温度最高,达到256.6℃。由Flynn-Wall-Ozawa方法得到的PHB的热分解活化能随着热失重率的增加而逐渐下降;而PHB-g-MA的热分解活化能随着接枝率和热失重率的不同,表现出不同的规律。接枝率为0.56%时,它的热分解活化能达到最大,为116.51kJ/mol.采用DSC方法对PHB和PHB-g-MA的等温结晶动力学和熔融行为进行了研究。用Avrarnl方程分析的结果表明,MA的引入使得PHB的结晶能力下降,但是并没有改变它的结晶成核机理和生长方式。随着接枝率的增加,结晶活化能增加。等温结晶后的PHB-g-MA表现出双熔融行为,这是在升温过程中发生熔融重结晶的结果。这种熔融行为不仅与样品的接枝率有关,而且也会受到结晶温度的影响7.在不同的冷却速率下用DSC方法研究了PHB和PHB-g-MA的非等温结晶动力学和熔融行为。结果表明,PHB和PHB-g-MA在非等温结晶过程中的结晶行为与冷却速率和接枝率密切相关。用Jeziorny方法改进的Avrami方程分析了PHB和PHB-g-MA的非等温结晶行为。当冷却速率较低时,PHB-9-MA的结晶机理与PHB不同。非等温结晶后的PHB-g-MA的熔融行为表现出熔融双峰,这是在升温过程中发生熔融重结晶的结果。8.用DSC方法研究了甲壳胺(CS)的热行为,测得CS的玻璃化转变温度(Tg)为80.4'C。考察了不同组成的PHB/CS和PHB-g-MA/CS共混体系的热行为。在PHB/CS=20/80, 40/60的共混体系中有单一的Tg出现;而 PHB-g-MA/CS=20/80, 40/60, 60/40的共混体系中也有单一的Tgo随着共混体系中PHB含量的减少,T_g逐渐增加,表明这些共混体系具有相容性。在共混体系中,随着CS含量的增加,PHB和PHB-g-MA组分的熔点和熔融烩显著降低。与对PHB相比,CS对PHB-g-MA熔点和熔融焙的抑止作用更大。9.通过FTIR, WAXD和XP S研究了相容共混体系中PHB, PHB-g-MA与CS组.分间的特殊相互作用。FTIR结果表明两组.分间形成较弱的氢键。这种氢键作用比CS自身分子内的氢键作用小,以至于很难“破坏”CS自身的聚集态结构,但是它可以“扰乱”PHB, PHB-g-MA和CS原有的结晶形貌。这一结果被WAXD进一步证实。XPS的结果清楚地表明分子间氢键作用是通过CS中的-NH_2与PHB-g-MA的C=O产生的。在PHB分子链中接枝MA基团,可以增强这种相互作用,使PHB-g-MAICS-共混体系的Nls和C1s结合能和谱型发生明显改变。10.用熔融法和溶液法将PHB和PCL进行醋交换反应,制备PHB和PCL的共聚醋(PHB-co-PCL).讨论了各种反应条件,如组分、反应时间和温度、催化剂种类和用量等对醋交换反应的影响。采用~(13)C NMR和FTIR方法对醋交换产物的结构进行了表征。结果表明,提高反应温度和延长反应时间有利于酷交换反应的发生。调整反应条件,共聚酷中PCL的含量可以控制在0.95-4.81%的范围内。在本实验条件下,制备的PHB-co-PCL均为嵌段共聚物。11.采用DSC、WARD、POM和TGA等方法对PHB-co-PCL的热行为、晶体结构和热稳定性进行了研究。随着酷交换量的增加,PHB-co-PCL的结晶行为发生很大的变化。冷结晶温度、结晶一温度和熔点均降低。并且 PHB-co-PCL在升温过程中表现出熔融双峰,这是共聚酷在结晶过程中结晶不完善导致在升温过程中发生熔融重结晶的结果,。PCL链段的引入并没有改变PHB的晶体结构,却使得共聚酷的结晶规整性下降。而且PHB-co-PCL的热稳定性基本保持不变。

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本文的主要工作如下:1、本文提出用化学方法将聚丙烯(PP)接枝马来酸酐(MA)的方法,得到了较高接枝率的PP-MA接枝物,MA的接枝状态主要取决于反应条件。2.本文合成了(PP-MA)-g-PEO梳型接枝物,接枝物中PP、PEO结晶性能明显与纯PP、PEO不同。3.采用溶液共混方法制备了PP/PMMA、PP/TPU、PP/PA-12、PP/PEO四种共混物。从实验上证明了PP-MA及(PP-MA)-g-MA两种接枝物对上述四种共混物增容的机理。4.共混物中极性聚合物对PP结晶具有两种不同作用:成核促进作用和结晶阻碍作用。5.在PP/PA-12、PP/PEO这类双晶共混体系中,组分之间相互作用比较复杂,尤其是高熔点组分对低熔点组分的影响,如取向附生作用。6.结晶分极是含有结晶组分不相容共混物的普遍具有的现象,它与组分配比、异种聚合物成核能力及组分之间相容性有必然联系。7、PP-MA是PP/TPU、PP/NBR-26有效增容剂,开发上述两种共混物材料势在必行。

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We investigate the difference in the angular distribution of Ly-alpha(1) and K alpha(1) photons from hydrogenlike and heliumlike ions of uranium after radiative electron capture to the L shell. The strong anisotropy in the former case is changed to a very small one in the latter case. Our calculations support the observation. The effect takes place even in the limiting case of noninteracting electrons, being caused by the Pauli principle.

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The FAIR China Group (FCG), consisting of the Institute of Modern Physics (IMP Lanzhou), the Institute of Plasma Physics (ASIPP, Hefei) and the Institute of Electric Engineering (IEE, Beijing) developed and manufactured in cooperation with GSI, Germany a prototype of a superferric dipole for the Super-Fragment-Separator of the FAIR-project [1]. The dipole magnets of the separator will have a deflection radius of 12.5 m, a field up to 1.6 T, a gap of at least 170 mm and an effective length of more than 2 meters to bend ion beams with a rigidity from 2 T . m up to 20 T . m. The magnets operate at DC mode. These requirements led to a superferric design with a yoke weight of more than 50 tons and a maximum stored energy of more than 400 kJ. The principles of yoke, coil and cryostat construction will be presented. We will also show first results of tests and measurements realized at ASIPP and at IMP.