EFFECT OF ETHYLENE-PROPYLENE COPOLYMER WITH RESIDUAL PE CRYSTALLINITY ON MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES AND MORPHOLOGY OF PP/HDPE BLENDS

Morphology and mechanical properties of polypropylene (PP)/high density polyethylene (HDPE) blends modified by ethylene-propylene copolymers (EPC) with residual PE crystallinity were investigated. The EPC showed different interfacial behavior in PP/HDPE blends of different compositions. A 25/75 blend of PP/HDPE (weight ratio) showed improved tensile strength and elongation at break at low EPC content (5 wt %). For the PP/HDPE = 50/50 blend, the presence of the EPC component tended to make the PP dispersed phase structure transform into a cocontinuous one, probably caused by improved viscosity matching of the two components. Both tensile strength and elongation at break were improved at EPC content of 5 wt %. For PP/HDPE 75/25 blends, the much smaller dispersed HDPE phase and significantly improved elongation at break resulted from compatibilization by EPC copolymers. (C) 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

EFFECTS OF CRYSTALLIZATION RATES ON INTERFACE LAYER THICKNESS OF EPITAXIAL HDPE ON ORIENTED IPP

The effect of crystallization rate on the epitaxial interface layer thickness of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) in the epitaxial system with oriented isotactic polypropylene (iPP) has been investigated by electron microscopy. The results of bright-field

HDPE／Surlyn共混体系的热学行为及相转变研究

利用示差扫描热量仪（ＤＳＣ）、热机械分析装置（ＴＭＡ）、电子拉力机和扫描电镜等方法对ＨＤＰＥ／Ｓｕｒｌｙｎ共混体系的热学行为和相态结构进行了研究，证实该共混体系属部分相容的非均相体系，当Ｓｕｒｌｙｎ含量在３０％到５０％时，该共混物发生了明显的相转变。

HDPE/EVA共混体系的研究

采用DSC、WAXD和力学性能测试,研究了HDPE/EVA共混体系。结果表明,HDPE/EVA共混体系是不相容的,但在共混组成中含有少量(<10％)的EVA,力学性能下降很少,而加工性能得到改善,具有一定实用价值。

HDPE/LDPE共混体系的晶性研究

用DSC和WAXD方法考察了高密度聚乙烯和低密度聚乙烯共混体系(HDPE/LDPE)的结晶性能。结果表明,在共混物中HDPE含量大于50%时,共混物只出现HDPE的熔融峰,且熔融温度随HDPE含量减小而降低;LDPE含量大于50%时,DSC图上只出现熔点介于HDPE和LDPE之间的新熔融峰。DSC和WAXD法所测结晶度均偏离共混物的线性加和值,而晶胞参数则随共混物组成变化出现最小值,表明HDPE和LDPE可以形成共晶相容体系。Raman光谱测得介晶相αb值的膨胀,支持这一观点。

EPITAXIAL CRYSTALLIZATION OF HDPE ON IPP IN HDPE/IPP BLENDS

Unique crystalline morphologies of solution-cast films of HDPE/iPP blends were investigated by means of transmission electron microscopy (TEM), electron diffraction, metal shadowing and specimen-tilt techniques. The unique morphologies come from an epitaxial crystallization of HDPE on iPP. The contact planes of the two kinds of crystals are (100) of HDPE and (010) of iPP, while the intercrossing angle between their chain axes is about 50-degrees. The HDPE existed with different crystalline morphologies in the two kinds of crystalline regions of iPP spherulites, i.e. cross-hatched and single-crystal-type structures. Based on structural analysis, two models of epitaxial growth of HDPE on iPP are proposed.

HDPE,LLDPE或LDPE高取向薄膜微结构的电子显微学研究

木工作用透射电子显微术及电子衍射技术研究3种PE(HDPE,LLDPE或LDPE)均聚物高取向薄膜的微结构。定量测定了它们的结晶尺寸。通过倾斜样品电子显微学研究确定了不同种PE纤维结构的对称性。

HDPE/LLDPE共混物高取向薄膜微结构电子显微学研究

本工作用透射电镜(TEM)、电子衍射和示差扫描量热计(DSC)等方法研究高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)和线性低密度聚乙烯(LLDPE)共混物高取向薄膜的微结构。结果表明熔体拉伸HDPE/LLDPE共混物薄膜含有高取向片晶结构。随着共混物中LLDPE含量的增加,片晶的尺寸相应减小。当LLDPE含量超过50％时,结晶结构从纯HDPE的非对称性纤维结构变为对称性纤维结构。高取向共混物在全组成范围成内形成共结晶。

HDPE在单轴取向iPP膜上的附生结晶

最近,聚合物之间的附生结晶引起人们的关注,其中较多工作集中在聚乙烯/聚丙烯共混或复合体系。原因是附生结晶不但具有特殊的形态结构,而且对材料的力学性能有重要的影响。附生结晶是一种结晶物质在另一种结晶物质上的附生生长,二者之间有的特殊作用。两种结晶聚合物之间的相互作用非常复杂,其中的结构关系不象聚合物在有机或无机基质上的附生关系那么简单。电子显微镜是研究结晶材料中附生结晶的有力工具。本工作用电子显微镜方法研究了熔体拉伸薄膜中高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)在高取向聚丙烯(ipp)上的附生结晶。

HDPE/iPP共混物中的附生结晶

本文用透射电子显微术、电子衍射和重金属投影等方法研究了溶液浇铸的HDPE/iPP共混物超薄膜中奇特的结晶形态,这种奇特的结晶形态是由于HDPE在iPP上异相附生生长造成的,二者的接触面为(010)_(ipp)和(100)_(HDPE),链轴间的夹角为iPP单斜角的一半(约50°),HDPE在iPP的两种结构(十字交叉结构和单晶型结构)区域中的生长方式有很大差别,依据结构分析提出两种片晶附生生长模型。

HDPE-g-PB接枝共聚物的合成及其与聚丁二烯的共混

利用~(60)Co辐照合成了HDPE与丁二烯的接枝共聚物,PE-g-PB。动态力学试验表明,它与PB较PE与PB有更好的相容性。PB含量相同时PB/PE-g-PB共混物比PB/PE共混物有较高的抗张强度和断裂伸长率。前者中两相分布较均匀,相区尺寸较小。

热处理对HDPE/iPP共混物中附生结晶的影响

木工作用透射电子显微术研究不同热处理温度对HDPE/iPP共混物溶液浇铸薄膜中附生结晶的影响。经热处理的共混物薄膜HDPE片晶尺寸明显增加,但其长轴仍与iPP成约50°夹角。电子衍射和暗场的实验结果及样品倾斜技术的利用证明了在iPP的两种结构区域中HDPE均在iPP上异相附生生长,两者的接触面为iPP的(010)和HDPE的(100)。在194℃热处理20min,然后自然冷却的HDPE/iPP共混物薄膜中的HDPE仍然在iPP上附生生长。

The effect of nucleation time on the growth of a microvoid in a viscoelastic material

In this paper, discussions are focused on the growth of a nucleated void in a viscoelastic material. The in situ tensile tests of specimens made of high-density polyethylene, filled with spherical glass beads (HDPE/GB) are carried out under SEM. The experimental result indicates that the microvoid nucleation is induced by the partially interfacial debonding of particles. By means of the Laplace transform and the Eshelby's equivalent inclusion method, a new analytical expression of the void strain at different nucleation times is derived. It can be seen that the strain of the nucleated void depends not only on the remote strain history, but also on the nucleation time. This expression is also illustrated by numerical examples, and is found to be of great usefulness in the study of damage evolution in viscoelastic materials.

复合材料及其结构的力学进展（第一册）

The photon scanning tunneling microscope and its applications

A simple photon scanning tunneling microscope (PSTM) is described. Its lateral resolution (similar to 10nm with a maximal scanning range of 10 mu m x 10 mu m ) is much better than that of a conventional optical microscope. Its principle, the fiber optic tip fabrication and PSTM images of different samples such as mica, HDPE and LiNbO3 are presented.