GH37合金经激光表面熔凝后的组织与强度

本文研究了 GH37合金经连续 CO_2激光束辐照及补充热处理后的显微组织特点,和激光局部熔凝以及施加不同的后续热处理对热作用区显微硬度、700℃下的旋转弯曲疲劳、800℃下的拉伸及持久等力学性能的影响.结果表明,该合金经激光熔凝后,必须重新调整热作用区的组织状态使晶界碳化物晶内γ′相合适析出,以及尽量减少熔区枝晶间的元素偏析和消除辐照后的残余热应力等,才能使力学性能恢复到满意的指标。试验表明,适于本合金特点的处理工艺为:预热辐照,1050℃,4h,空冷;800℃,16h,空冷.

激波管中强激波的前驱真空紫外辐射

在Φ800毫米的低密度激波管的中轴上用钼靶探测入射强激波前发射的真空紫外光子,研究了以下三个问题。(1)研究了真空紫外光子的通量密度随波前距离的关系,建立了一个考虑到有限的激波发射层尺度和波前气体吸收的模型,得到了与实测前驱辐射一致的结果。(2)研究了氩气中强激波真空紫外辐射的激发机制,指出它属于非平衡共振激发辐射,其激发截面系数S~

空气正激波后电子浓度的测量

用改进了的磁探针和离子采集器,在φ800毫米低密度激波管中,测量了空气正激波后的电子浓度,得到了与等人的平衡理论计算一致的结果。在大Ma_s,数、低密度下,实验结果表现出有“过剩”的电子浓度,这与林绍基等人的结果是一致的。

目前正在攻克的力学难题

随着科学技术的迅猛发展,力学与邻近学科进一步相互渗透,形成和正在形成许多新的边缘学科,同时也出现了许多迫切需要攻克的难题。《目前正在攻克的力学难题》一文详细介绍了众多的力学难题,有一定启迪作用。

质谱计在低密度激波管中测定的实验时间和分界区现象

高速动态质谱计用于激波管,用监视激波后密度的办法,测定了波后实验气体的实验时间和分界区。用质谱计观察到分界面后,由于质量漏失,有一个混合区存在。实验值与计算值作了比较,在直径为φ800毫米的低密度激波管中,实验时间处于平衡和冻结两种情况的计算结果之间。

变截面圆轴扭转问题用非正交曲线坐标的新解法

本文是在飞机发动机涡轮轴应力分析的基础上提高为变截面圆轴扭转问题的一个新解法.利用向量的散度和旋度对不同坐标系是不变量的特点,通过张量分析推导出在任意非正交曲线坐标系中变截面圆轴扭转问题的平衡和协调方程,包括用应力函数表达的协调方程和应力函数与应力分量的关系式.用任意非正交曲线坐标和差分法求解应力函数.本文计算得到了全轴的等应力函数线和剪应力分布,并得到沿小凹槽边任意点的应力,计算结果和光弹试验结果接近.本文还计算了有解析解的空心锥轴,误差小于百分之一.通过计算说明本文提出的新解法收敛性很好,并且所需计算机容量少(可在容量32k的TQ-16机上同时计算800多个节点),应用方便,便于编排通用程序,计算量较有限元法少;另一方面,由于采用了任意非正交曲线坐标,因此,适用于解决复杂曲线边界的问题,提高了通常用的差分法的适应性和灵活性;此外,本方法用应力函数作为未知量,从所得的等应力函数线和等位移函数线图可以看出全轴应力分布的概况,对于改进设计很有帮助.

航空技术的展望

<正> 一引言虽然人们对航空的兴趣是很古老的,它在神话和传说中已经出现了,但是真正的航空时代还只有五十多年,比起许多其它工程技术部门,航空是很年轻的。然而航空技术的发展是非常迅速的,在短短的五十多年内,我们已经看到多大的变化:早年的木架蒙布结构的双翼式飞机很快地就被钢架包干层板的结构所代替,速度也从60公里/时加高到250公里/时。但在1980年后,全金属铝合金的单翼飞机出现了,航空技术又有了很大的进步,民用航空随着发展,航线上的速度达到800公里/时以上。军用飞机的速

About generalized scaling for passive scalars in fully developed turbulence

In this paper we use a simple normal form approach of scale invariant fields to investigate scaling laws of passive scalars in turbulence. The coupling equations for velocity and passive scalar moments are scale covariant. Their solution shows that passive scalars in turbulence do not generically follow a general scaling observed for velocity field because of coupling effects.

High-speed streams from coronal holes and the accelerating mechanism of the solar-wind

In this paper, the general Mach number equation is derived, and the influence of typical energy forms in the solar wind is analysed in detail. It shows that the accelerating process of the solar wind is influenced critically by the form of heating in the corona, and that the transonic mechanism is mainly the result of the adjustment of the variation of the crosssection of flowing tubes and the heat source term.The accelerating mechanism for both the high-speed stream from the coronal hole and the normal solar wind is similar. But, the temperature is low in the lower level of the coronal hole and more heat energy supply in the outside is required, hence the high speed of the solar wind; while the case with the ordinary coronal region is just the opposite, and the velocity of the solar wind is therefore lower. The accelerating process for various typical parameters is calculated, and it is found that the high-speed stream may reach 800 km/sec.

钠离子与电子复合电离动力学的激波管研究

利用反射激波加热使试验气体电离,继之以强稀波快速冷却,构成一种新的激波管方法,并测定了在氩气氛中钠离子与电子三体复合速率系数。由于稀疏波冷却速度达10~6K/s,电离过程处于非平衡状态。选用氨基钠作为向实验体系中引入钠离子的源物质。用压电传感器和Langmuir静电探针分别监测反射激波后5区压力和离子浓度变化。稀疏波的冷却过程被视为绝热的。分析了探针工作状态,引入了探针鞘层内的弹性散射修正。测定了在800~2 600K温度范围内以惰性气体氩为碰撞第三体的钠离子与电子离复合速率系数k_r=3.43×10~(-14)T~(-3.77)cm~6s~(-1)。

载流条形薄板的非线性应力与变形分析

在所建立的载流条形薄板的非线性磁弹性基本方程——运动方程、几何方程、物理方程和电动力学方程的基础上,通过变量代换,整理成含有10个基本未知函数的标准柯西型方程。采用差分及准线性化方法,将含有10个基本未知函数的偏微分方程组,变换成能用离散正交法编程求解的准线性微分方程组。由此计算分析两边简支条形薄板在电磁场和机械载荷耦合作用下的应力与变形,研究侧向电流和外磁场强度对载流条形薄板的磁弹性效应。

一种铝合金层裂损伤成核规律的实验研究和简单演化模型

本文尝试对裂纹型初始层裂损伤以裂纹长度为损伤参量，用连续介质力学方法建立了一个简单的损伤演化模型。本文着重对铝合金中层裂损伤的成核规律进行了实验研究，利用轻气炮上的平板碰撞实验对一种铝合金加以不同应力（约800-7500Mpa）和作用时间（约0.1μs-2μs）的拉应力载荷以产生初始层裂损伤，在光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜下观察了铝合金层裂损伤的特性，在扫描电镜上对初始成核裂纹进行了定量统计和分析，得到一些感兴趣的结果。

Influence of HCl on CO and NO emissions in combustion

The influence of HCl on CO and NO emissions was experimentally investigated in an entrained flow reactor (EFR) and an internally circulating fluidized bed (ICFB). The results in EFR show the addition of HCl inhibits CO oxidation and NO formation at 1073 K and 1123 K. At the lower temperature (1073 K) the inhibition of HCl becomes more obvious. In ICFB, chlorine-containing plastic (PVC) was added to increase the concentration of HCl during the combustion of coal or coke. Results show that HCl is likely to enhance the reduction of NO and N2O. HCl greatly increases CO and CH4 emission in the flue gas. A detailed mechanism of CO/NO/HCl/SO2 system was used to model the effect of HCl in combustion. The results indicate that HCl not only promotes the recombination of radicals O, H, and OH, but also accelerates the chemical equilibration of radicals. The influence of HCl on the radicals mainly occurs at 800-1200 K. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Dispersion analysis and compensation of collinear optical parametric chirped pulse amplification systems

In an optical parametric chirped pulse amplification (OPCPA) laser system, residual phase dispersion should be compensated as much as possible to shorten the amplified pulses and improve the pulse contrast ratio. Expressions of orders of the induced phases in collinear optical parametric amplification (OPA) processes are presented at the central signal wavelength to depict a clear physics picture and to simplify the design of phase compensation. As examples, we simulate two OPCPA systems to compensate for the phases up to the partial fourth-order terms, and obtain flat phase spectra of 200-nm bandwidth at 1064 nm and 90-nm at 800 nm.

Femtosecond laser-induced damage in reflector

We have investigated the damage for ZrO2/SiO2 800 nm 45 degrees high-reflection mirror with femtosecond pulses. The damage morphologies and the evolution of ablation crater depths with laser fluences are dramatically different from that with pulse longer than a few tens of picoseconds. The ablation in multilayers occurs layer by layer, and not continuously as in the case of bulk single crystalline or amorphous materials. The weak point in damage is the interface between two layers. We also report its single-short damage thresholds for pulse durations ranging from 50 to 900 fs, which departs from the diffusion-dominated tau(1/2)(p) scaling. A developed avalanche model, including the production of conduction band electrons (CBE) and laser energy deposition, is applied to study the damage mechanisms. The theoretical results agree well with our measurements. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.