黄土高原丘陵沟壑区小流域优化生态-生产范式

黄土丘陵沟壑区是黄土高原的主体部分，也是具有特殊景观格局的生态-经济敏感区，保护环境、发展生产始终是其面临的双重任务。小流域既是区域的优势景观单元。文章试以小流域为基础，研究黄土丘陵沟壑区的优化生态-生产范式。根据内容，论文可分为5个部分： 首先，论文系统总结了黄土高原的几个主要特点，如黄土地貌，土壤侵蚀等。本章节重点介绍了小流域治理的发展历程及其特点，以及小流域的治理现状。其次，综合阐述了黄土高原丘陵沟壑区的生态经济背景，指出：小流域为黄土丘陵沟壑区的优势景观单元，是区域治理与发展的基本单元;并提出区域治理与开发的生态与生产定位。第三，详细研究了区域小流域景观生态学特点;同时探讨了作为一个复合生态系统，小流域景观功能及其发展变化特点。结合第二部分，提出了黄土丘陵沟壑区小流域优化生态-生产范式的5项原则。第四，具体分析了安塞纸坊沟流域自然资源环境与社会经济基础，依据范式建立的原则，根据净第一性生产力等环境、社会经济等指标，建立流域的优化生态-经济空间结构。最后，在第四部分的基础上，提出区域小流域优化生态-生产范式的空间体系组成以及组成范式的关键措施和核心组分。

The dazzling array of basal branches in the mtDNA macrohaplogroup M from India as inferred from complete genomes

Many efforts based on complete mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) genomes have been made to depict the global mtDNA landscape, but the phylogeny of Indian macrohaplogroup M has not yet been resolved in detail. To fill this lacuna, we took the same strategy as in o

Phylogeny of mitochondrial DNA macrohaplogroup N in India, based on complete sequencing: Implications for the peopling of South Asia

To resolve the phylogeny of the autochthonous mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroups of India and determine the relationship between the Indian and western Eurasian mtDNA pools more precisely, a diverse subset of 75 macrohaplogroup N lineages was chosen fo

黑长臂猿（Hylobates concolor）的配偶制及其与行为、生态和进化的关系

黑长臂猿是猿类中野外行为生态研究最少的一种，因而对其社群结构及配偶体制一直有着很大争议．本文基于近两年在无量山和哀牢山１０个月的野外工作，着重阐述了黑长臂猿的配偶体制，我们认为黑长臂猿是以一夫一妻和一夫多妻（至少是一夫两妻）的形式存在，并与其行为、生态及系统发育相关联．黑长臂猿的系统发育地位、成年雌性的领域性及群体的领域性不强和群体的领域较其它长臂猿类大得多可能是形成一夫多委的原因；而黑长臂猿在中国各分。布区的生境均受到不同程度的破坏，这在一定程度上也影响着其社群结构，特别是狩猎有着更直接的影响，活动范围的限制等，可能是形成一夫一妻的原因．

咪唑安定或丙泊酚拮抗戊四氮对突触传递的影响

目的: 观察咪唑安定或丙泊酚复合戊四氮对突触传递的影响。方法: 分离大鼠海马半脑, 切出400 Lm 厚度的海马脑片, 全细胞膜片钳记录戊四氮+ 咪唑安定组, 戊四氮+ 脂肪乳剂组, 戊四氮+ 丙泊酚组海马CA 1 区神经元兴奋性突触后电流(EP2 SC) 变化。结果: 各组加入10 mmolöL 戊四氮均使EPSC 降至基线值的3510% 左右; 10 LmolöL 咪唑安定使EPSC 幅值上升至 基线值的8612% , 脂肪乳剂不改变EPSC, 100 LmolöL 丙泊酚使EPSC 值上升至基线值的7117%。结论: 戊四氮对正常突触传 递具有抑制作用, 咪唑安定或丙泊酚拮抗戊四氮抑制突触传递的作用, 使已减小的EPSC 有所升高。

复合垂直流人工湿地中基质生物膜的特性

从基质生物膜量、生物膜厚度和脱氢酶活性等方面研究了以复合垂直流人工湿地中基质颗粒作为附着生长载体的生物膜的特性。结果表明,复合垂直流人工湿地中,基质生物膜的形成时间为40~60 d。进水水质不同,基质生物膜的形成时间有差异,进水中相对高的营养水平有利于基质生物膜的积累,60 d内形成的稳定生物膜量相差1.59倍;生物膜活性也较大,平均相差1.5倍。不同发育程度的生物膜表现出的活性不同,最佳活性厚度为150 um。人工湿地中不同层次基质生物膜厚度差异显著,最表层0~5 cm层次基质生物膜厚度2~3倍于10

Subcellular localization and inductive expression of the dsRNA-dependent protein kinase PKR from Japanese flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus

The double-stranded RNA (dsRNA)-dependent protein kinase (PKR) belongs to the eIF2 alpha kinase family and plays a critical role in interferon (IFN)-mediated antiviral response. Recently, in Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus), a PKR gene has been identified. In this study, we showed that PoPKR localized to the cytoplasm, and the dsRNA-binding motifs (dsRBMs) played a determinative role in protein localization. In cultured FEC cells, PoPKR was detected at a low level of constitutive expression but was highly induced after treatment with UV-inactivated grass carp hemorrhagic virus, active SMRV and Poly I:C although with different expression kinetics. In flounder, PoPKR was ubiquitously distributed in all tested tissues, and SMRV infection resulted in significant upregulation at mRNA and protein levels. In order to reveal the role of PoPKR in host antiviral response, its expression upon exposure to various inducers was characterized and further compared with that of PoHRI, which is another eIF2 alpha kinase of flounder. Interestingly, expression comparison revealed that all inducers stimulated upregulation of PoHRI in cultured flounder embryonic cells and fish, with a similar kinetics to PoPKR but to a less extent. These results suggest that, during antiviral immune response, both flounder eIF2 alpha kinases might play similar roles and that PoPKR is the predominant kinase. (C) 2009 National Natural Science Foundation of China and Chinese Academy of Sciences. Published by Elsevier Limited and Science in China Press. All rights reserved.

Crack control in GaN grown on silicon (111) using In doped low-temperature AlGaN interlayer by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition

The effects of In doped low-temperature (LT) AlGaN interlayer on the properties of GaN/Si(111) by MOCVD have been investigated. Using In doping LT-interlayer can decrease the stress sufficiently for avoiding crack formation in a thick (2.0 mu m) GaN layer. Significant improvement in the crystal and optical properties of GaN layer is also achieved. In doping is observed to reduce the stress in AlGaN interlayer measured by high-resolution X-ray diffraction (HRXRD). It can provide more compressive stress to counteract tensile stress and reduce crack density in subsequent GaN layer. Moreover, as a surfactant, indium is observed to cause an enhanced PL intensity and the narrowed linewidths of PL and XRD spectra for the LT-interlayer. Additionally, the crystal quality of GaN layer is found to be dependent on the growth parameters of underneath In-doped LT-AlGaN interlayer. The optimal parameters, such as TMIn flow rate, TMAl flow rates and thickness, are achieved to obtain nearly 2.0 mu m thick crack free GaN film with advanced optical and crystal properties. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Disentangling mechanical and mass effects on nanomechanical resonators

Micro and nanomechanical resonators are powerful and label-free sensors of analytes in various environments. Their response, however, is a convolution of mass, rigidity, and nanoscale heterogeneity of adsorbates. Here we demonstrate a procedure to disentangle this complex sensor response, to simultaneously measure both mass and elastic properties of nanometer thick samples. This turns an apparent disadvantage of these resonators into a striking and unique asset, enabling them to measure more than mass alone.

立式上锅筒实际液位计算方法的探讨

作者分析和讨论了汽水混合物由水下引进时的穿泡过程，比较了两种平均截面容积含汽率的计算方法，整理出容易计算的实际液位计算公式。实际液位与重量液位的差值取决于上锅筒蒸发量和工作压力。在中低压范围，蒸发量一定时，适当提高工作压力可以增加实际重力分离高度，从而提高自然分离效果。在某些情况下，最高液位与平均液位之差别是不容忽视的。