~(14)N+~(51)耗散碰撞研究

本文主要研究了~(14)N+~(51)V(E_n = 94.6 MeV, 86.83 MeV, 79.2 MeV)的耗散碰撞，是上述系统性研究工作的一个重要组成部分。对N＋~(51)V系统的DIC反应作了比较详细的研究，给出了类弹产物质心系维辛斯基图，不同出射道及不同TKEL下的角分布，以及不同TKEL不的电荷分布。从这些实验结果中提取全弛豫动能，相互作用时间，及电荷分布的一次矩，二次矩。讨论了~(14)N+~(51) 耗散碰撞随相互作用时间的推移的演化过程，定性分析了壳效应对N＋V反应中电荷漂移的影响。同时还指出N＋V反应中α集团效应的影响是不重要的，为~(16)O+~(27)Al 研究中提出的强α集团效应对其DIC过程有影响这一观点提供了旁证。最后提取了准弹截面，DIC截面，从而导出全熔合截面，讨论了DIC反应对轰击能的依赖关系

97MeV~(16)O + ~(51)V反应中α粒子发射机制研究

利用近物所1.7米回旋加速器加速出的97MeV的~(16)O束流轰击~(51)V靶，九组不同的望远镜系统用于对~(16)O + ~(51)V反应中击射α粒子进行单举测量及α粒子与类弹产物符合测量。所有的探测器组号通过电子学线路和近物原的MODAS 1数据获取系统以事件方式记录在磁带上，实现了42参数同时获取。与此同时，利用所提供的束流，完成了CsI(Tl)晶体phoswich探测器的调试工作，得到了好的结果。在VAX/11-780计算机上用PAX数据分析程序对实验数据进行离线分析，得到了α粒子单举能谱、角分布，E-O平面内d~2σ/dEαΩ等高图和速度平面内d_2σ/PCdEdΩ截面等高图；得到了复合核蒸发和直接α粒子发射的截面值。同时也得到了α粒子——类弹产物符合的α粒子能谱和前方向击射α粒子与类弹产物符合的两维能量联图。为了对直接机制中予平衡发射α粒子的贡献有一估计，用激子模型对~(16)O + ~(51)V反应系统进行了理论计算，得到了复合核蒸发及予平衡发射α粒子产额占总产额中所占的比份。实验结果和理论分析表明：除复合核蒸发和予平衡发射的贡献外，还有其它反应机制的存在。通过二体和三体运动学对所得到的符合实际数据进行分析，证明了类弹、类靶跟随发射和弹核破裂(break-up)机制的存在。综合所有的实际结果，我们认为：~(16)O + ~(51)V反应系统中α粒子主要采源于复合核的蒸发和予平衡发射机制，除此而外还应包括类弹、类靶发射和弹核破裂等反应机制的贡献

Changes in individual plant traits and biomass allocation in alpine meadow with elevation variation on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

Plant traits and individual plant biomass allocation of 57 perennial herbaceous species, belonging to three common functional groups (forbs, grasses and sedges) at subalpine (3700 m ASL), alpine (4300 m ASL) and subnival (>= 5000 m ASL) sites were examined to test the hypothesis that at high altitudes, plants reduce the proportion of aboveground parts and allocate more biomass to belowground parts, especially storage organs, as altitude increases, so as to geminate and resist environmental stress. However, results indicate that some divergence in biomass allocation exists among organs. With increasing altitude, the mean fractions of total biomass allocated to aboveground parts decreased. The mean fractions of total biomass allocation to storage organs at the subalpine site (7%+/- 2% S.E.) were distinct from those at the alpine (23%+/- 6%) and subnival (21%+/- 6%) sites, while the proportions of green leaves at all altitudes remained almost constant. At 4300 m and 5000 m, the mean fractions of flower stems decreased by 45% and 41%, respectively, while fine roots increased by 86% and 102%, respectively. Specific leaf areas and leaf areas of forbs and grasses deceased with rising elevation, while sedges showed opposite trends. For all three functional groups, leaf area ratio and leaf area root mass ratio decreased, while fine root biomass increased at higher altitudes. Biomass allocation patterns of alpine plants were characterized by a reduction in aboveground reproductive organs and enlargement of fine roots, while the proportion of leaves remained stable. It was beneficial for high altitude plants to compensate carbon gain and nutrient uptake under low temperature and limited nutrients by stabilizing biomass investment to photosynthetic structures and increasing the absorption surface area of fine roots. In contrast to forbs and grasses that had high mycorrhizal infection, sedges had higher single leaf area and more root fraction, especially fine roots.

Individual dispersion of synthetic imogolite nanotubes via droplet evaporation

Morphology of synthetic imogolite nanotubes formed in droplet evaporation was investigated by transmission electron microscopy and electron diffraction. The nanotubes form a dense entangled network at higher concentrations, while at lower concentrations the nanotubes are liable to form oriented bundles. Under enthanol atmosphere, individual dispersion of nanotubes was observed for the first time, which reveals the length polydispersity of synthetic imogolite nanotubes.

Three-color white electroluminescence from a single polymer system with blue, green and red dopant units as individual emissive species and polyfluorene as individual polymer host

A white electroluminescent single polymer system with both high electroluminescence efficiency and excellent color rendering index (CRI) value is developed by covalently attaching blue, green, and red dopant units as individual light-emitting species to the side chain of polyfluorene as individual polymer host. A luminous efficiency of 8.6 cd A(-1), CIE coordinates of (0.33, 0.36) and CRI value of 88 was demonstrated with their single-layer devices.

Estimation of individual phases from the four-phase structure invariants in the single isomorphous replacement case

The probability distribution of the four-phase invariants in the case of single isomorphous replacement has been developed to estimate some individual phases. An example of its application to obtain the phases having special values of 0, pi or +/-pi /2 is given for a known protein structure in space group P2(1)2(1)2(1). The phasing procedure includes the determination of starting phases and an iterative calculation. The initial values of starting phases, which are required by the formula, can be obtained from the estimate of one-phase seminvariants and by specifying the origin and enantiomorph. In addition, the calculations lead to two sets of possible phases for each type of reflection by assigning arbitrarily an initial phase value. The present method provides a possibility for the multisolution technique to increase greatly the number of known phases while keeping the number of the trials quite small.

Carbon isotopic studies of individual lipids in organisms from the Nansha sea area, China

Carbon isotopes of individual lipids in typical organisms from the Nansha sea area were measured by the GC-IRMS analytical technique. delta(13)C values of saturated fatty acids in different organisms examined are from -25.6parts per thousand to -29.7parts per thousand with the average values ranging from -26.4parts per thousand to -28.2parts per thousand and the variance range of 11.8parts per thousand, between different organisms is also observed. Unsaturated fatty acids have heavy carbon isotopic compositions and the mean differences of 2.9%.9-6.8parts per thousand compared to the same carbon number saturated fatty acids. delta(13)C values of n-alkanes range from -27.5%o to -29.7parts per thousand and their mean values, ranging from -28.6parts per thousand, to -28.9parts per thousand, are very close in different organisms. The mean difference in delta(13)C between the saturated fatty acids and n-alkanes is only 1.5parts per thousand, indicating that they have similar biosynthetic pathways. The carbon isotopic variations between the different carbon-number lipids are mostly within +/-2.0parts per thousand, reflecting that they experienced a biosynthetic process of the carbon chain elongation. At the same time, the carbon isotopic genetic relationships between the biological and sedimentary lipids are established by comparative studies of carbon isotopic compositions of individual lipids in organisms and sediments from the Nansha sea area, which provides scientific basis for carbon isotopic applied research of individual lipids.

Viewing DVM via general behaviors of zooplankton: A way bridging the success of individual and population

In this paper, we viewed the diel vertical migration (DVM) of copepod in the context of the animal's immediate behaviors of everyday concerns and constructed an instantaneous behavioral criterion effective for DVM and non-DVM behaviors. This criterion employed the function of 'venturous revenue' (VR), which is the product of the food intake and probability of the survival, to evaluate the gains and losses of the behaviors that the copepod could trade-off. The optimal behaviors are to find the optimal habitats to maximize VR. Two types of VRs are formulated and tested by the theoretical analysis and simulations. The sensed VR, monitoring the real-time changes of trade-offs and thereby determining the optimum habitat, is validated to be the effective objective function for the optimization of the behavior; whereas, the realized VR, quantifying the actual profit obtained by an optimal copepod in the sensed-VR-determined habitat, defines the life history of a specific age cohort. The achievement of a robust copepod overwintering stock through integrating the dynamics of the constituent age cohorts subjected to the instantaneous behavioral criterion for DVM clearly exemplified a possible way bridging the immediate pursuit of an individual and the end success of the population. (c) 2005 Published by Elsevier Ltd.

Independence of alpine meadow plants from soil organic matter for nitrogen supply: evidence from stable nitrogen isotopes

Stable nitrogen isotope signatures of major sources of mineral nitrogen ( mineralization of soil organic nitrogen, biological N-2 fixation by legumes, annual precipitation and plant litter decomposition) were measured to relatively define their individual contribution to grass assimilation at the Haibei Alpine Meadow Ecosystem, Qinghai, China. The results indicated that delta N-15 values (- 2.40 parts per thousand to 0.97 parts per thousand) of all grasses were much lower than those of soil organic matter (3.4 +/- 0.18 parts per thousand) and mineral nitrogen ( ammonium and nitrate together,7.8 +/- 0.57 parts per thousand). Based on the patterns of stable nitrogen isotopes, soil organic matter (3.4 +/- 0.18 parts per thousand), biological N-2 fixation (0 parts per thousand), and precipitation (- 6.34 +/- 0.24 parts per thousand) only contributed to a small fraction of nitrogen requirements of grasses, but plant litter decomposition (- 1.31 +/- 1.01 parts per thousand) accounted for 67%.

在51单片机上移植uC/OS—II关键问题的解决

由于MCS-51系列微控制器存在着硬件堆栈小的结构缺陷,无法满足多任务环境下进行任务切换的需求,因此很难将uC/OS—II移植到MCS-51系列微控制器上。本文给出的"堆栈映射"方式很好的解决了这个问题。同时还对uC/OS—II移植过程中一些关键性问题给予了详细的论述。包括:uC/OS—II可移植的条件、内核配置和裁剪以及内核调试。