34 resultados para Eva Perón
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研究聚合物共混体系的相容性有很多方法。本文除采用DSC和DMA等常用的方法外,还尝试性地采用仅气相色谱(IGC)来探讨共混高聚物的等温相分离和高聚物间的相互作用的强度,进而说明高聚物间的相容性。肯定了IGC是测定高聚物的各种转变温度及相互作用参数的可靠方法。本工作研究了聚偏氟乙烯(PVF_2)和甲基丙烯酸甲酯-苯乙烯共聚物[P(MMA-co-st)]共混体系的相容性和结晶性能;粉末固相氯化的氯化聚乙烯(CPE,Cl含量为62.1wt%)分别与P(MMA-co-st),乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物(EVA,VA含量为40wt%)共混体系的相容性;估算了EVA,CPE及其共混物的溶度参数(82)PVF_2/P(MMA-co-st)共混体系的DSC,DMA等研究结果表明,该共混体系是部分相容体系,其相容程度与组成有关;以组成为50/50的共混物的相容程度最好;又与样品的热历史有关。共混体中PVF_2的结晶能力取决于P(MMA-co-st)的含量。探针分子与纯聚物CPE,EVA和P(MMA-co-st)及共混物CPE/P(MMA-co-st),EVA/CPE的相互作用与探针分子的种类和分子量以及温度有关。用IGC所测得的CPE,P(MMA-co-st)以及EVA,CPE间的相互作用张度与所用探针分子种类,共混组成比和温度相关,并结合DSC、TMA对SPE/P(MMA-co-st),EVA/CPE共混体系的相容性作了定性说明。本工作还用IGC法测定了CPE/P(MMA-co-st)共混体系的转变温度,探讨了部分相容体系以及EVA/CPE的lgVg~10~3/T的线性方程,这对探讨共混体系的等温相分离过程和预言共混体系在所测的温度范围内任一点的比保留体积很有意义。最后,用IGC法估算了EVA,CPE及其共混物的溶度参数肯定了IGC法估测高聚物溶度参数的可靠性,发现共混物的溶度参数相对于其纯聚物组份的平均加和值有负的偏差。
Resumo:
本工作对几个不同类型的聚合物/聚合物共混体系-PS/SBR,EVA/CPE,PVF_2/PEMA和PMAA/PEO-的相容性和共混物中分子基团的相互作用进行了探讨和研究。主要结果有:(1)对不同PS分子量的PS/SBR聚合物共混体系进行了形态观察和Tg测量,结果表明共混物的相容性随PS组分的分子量、组成和温度变化。(2)用固体NMR测量进一步证实了EVA/CPE是分子之间均匀混合的相容共混体系。T_1值在测试温度范围内都符合自旋强相互作用偶合的加和式。(3)对PVF_2/PEMA共混体系进行了固体NMR研究,测量得到~1H的T_1和T_2随温度的变化曲线,用PC/MAS技术得到共混体系的高分辨~(13)C MNR谱,并从各个化学位移峰强对交叉极化接触时间的变化曲线拟合得到不同基团的~1H T_(1p)和T_(CH)。(4)用二维NMR技术通过质子自旋交换相互作用,考察了聚电解质与水溶性聚合物的共混物PMAA/PEO中各个化学基团之间的空间接近程度。
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振动阻尼复合钢板是一种新型的复合材料,它由两块钢板间夹一层粘弹性树脂构成。复合钢板不仅具备普通钢板强度大,加工性能优异的优点,而且还具有阻尼性能。其阻尼机理:当施加振动时,由于复合钢板中间层树脂具有粘弹性,能把部分振动能转变成热能,因此可使振动大大减弱,防止钢板发生共振,产生振鸣和噪声。树脂的阻尼性能随温度变化,复合钢板的阻尼性能也随温度变化。根据复合钢板的实际工作温度范围,可选择不同的树脂。作为复合钢板中间层树脂,应即具有较高的损失系数,又具有良好的粘接性能。本文从已二酸已二醇低聚酯出发,合成了聚苯二甲酸乙二醇一聚已二酸已二醇多嵌段共聚酯,并对得到的共聚酯进行了一系列表征,还用共聚酯为中间层制作了复合钢板。用动态粘弹谱仪测试了共聚酯及其复合钢板的动态力学性能。还用动态信号分析仪测试了复合钢板的阻尼性能。为提高共聚酯的损失系数。采用了改变低聚酯分子量,改变间苯二甲酸或邻苯二甲酸酐用量的方法。为提高共聚酯的粘接强度,采用了共聚酯与EVA和氯乙烯-醋酸乙烯-顺酐三元共聚物共混、与尼龙基热熔胶薄膜制成复合膜的方法。为衡量共聚酯的阻尼性能,还选用EVA、尼龙基热熔胶及共聚酯的共混物制作了复合钢板。根据共聚酯的溶解性能,分子量数据及其红外光谱,可以证明我们已合成出预先设计的共聚酯。由核磁共振谱的测试结果可知,共聚酯的硬段含量随所用低聚酯分子量增大而降低。根据共聚酯的结晶衍射图可知,共聚酯的结晶度随所用低聚酯分子量增大而略降低,随间苯二甲酸用量增大而明显降低。根据共聚酯的力学性能测试结果可知,共聚酯的力学性能随其结晶度降低而降低,共聚酯的粘接强度低于其共混物及复合膜,共聚酯的抗剪强度一般为6-7MPa,共混物和复合膜的抗剪强度可达到10MPa以上。共聚酯的动态力学性能测试结果表明,增加反应体系中间苯二甲酸用量,可以显著提高共聚酯损失系数,最多可提高到1.367。共聚酯的Tg在室温。共聚酯复合钢板的动态力学性能测试结果表明,共聚酯复合钢板的损失系数可达到大于0.05的理想效果,它的损失系数峰值温度高于共聚酯的Tg,一般高2-9 ℃。共聚酯共混物复合钢板的损失系数小于0.05。共聚酯复合钢板的百分阻尼比,阻尼系数高于EVA、尼龙基热熔胶复合钢板,说明共聚酯是优良的复合钢板中间层树脂材料。
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用蓖麻油与TDI反应生成端异氰酸酯基预聚物,再与HEA反应,生成端乙烯基预聚物,以不同比例的MMA与端乙烯基预聚物共聚交联,得到一组组成和交联密度各不相同的ABCP样品;为了分别观察组成和交联密度对材料性能的影响,在交联共聚过程中,以二乙烯基苯作交联点调节剂 ,得到固定组成,交联密度变化和固定交联密度组成变化的两组样品;此外,在固化过程中加入不同含量的丙烯酸(<10%),得到另一组样品,以观察氢键对该体系的影响。反应过程中用化学分析、NMR、IR及平衡溶胀等方法测定反应程度、分子量及交联网的交联密度;同时用动态粘弹谱仪和介电损耗仪测定样品的动态力学性能,转变与松弛及相容性;用材料试验机测试样品的力学性能;通过透射电子显微镜观察材料的形态结构。结果表明:copu/PMMA ABCP是个半相容体系,随硬段含量的增加和交联密度的减小相容性变差。形态结构呈不规则形状,相区尺寸由几A变至几百A,材料的力学性能和阻尼性能明显优子构成它们的均聚物。材料的阻尼值主要受交联密度的影响,玻璃化转变温度则主要受组成控制。氢键对该体系的形态结构有明显影响,丙烯酸含量为7.5%时相容性最差,5%和10%时最好。以双阳昌10号井原油为研究对象选用EVA作原料,以马来酸酐接枝改性,合成ET-6降凝剂。采取在热处理中加入降凝剂的综合处理方法,考察了降凝剂合成的最佳反应条件和降凝剂用量及热处理温度对原油结晶状态及流动性的影响。结果表明,热处理中加入ET-6降凝剂可使蜡的结晶形态发生明显变化,降凝剂用量仅100-500 ppm即可使双阳原油的凝固点由原来的30-31 ℃降至7-9 ℃,原油的低温流动性大为改观。
Resumo:
本文选取比较常见的PP/EVA、PE/EVA共混体系作为增强交联研究的对象,研究了共混体系的增强交联规律,并针对目前普通使用的多官能团单体存在着与聚合物体系相容性差、易析出、高温挥发大的弱点,设计合成几种多官能团单体。此外,还研究了共混体系增强界面反应,讨论了增强界面反应的一般原理和增强界面反应对改善不相容共混体系相间粘附的作用影响。
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本文以高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)为基料研制出电子辐照耐高温阻燃电线电缆绝缘材料,并对HDPE的辐射交联机制进行了讨论,辐射交联不仅发生在无定形区,结晶区对交联有贡献.对抗氧剂、敏化剂、炭黑、阻燃剂等对材料交联性质的影响做了一些试验,总结出一些规律,尤其对敏化剂在HDPE交联中的作用做了合理的阐述.阻燃剂对材料耐温等级提高很大,而且辐射交联后氧指数有所提高, 研究了HDPE与乙烯一醋酸共聚物(EVA)共混辐照后的一些性 质,EVA对HDPE的改性的有利与不利之处,还进一步探讨了用三元乙丙橡胶(EPDM),硅橡胶、氟材料来提高体系耐温等级和其它性能的办法. 耐高温皿燃线缆材料具有非常广泛的用途,它的耐温等级为135℃,氧指数可达30以上.该成果具有非常广泛的用途,填补了国内空白,为辐射加工产业化做出一定贡献.
Resumo:
聚合物材料以其优异的电绝缘性能而广泛地用作电气绝缘材料。但聚合物材料易燃的缺点促使人们不断地对其进行阻燃性的研究,这种研究过程从添加卤素阻燃剂到非卤素化阻燃逐步完善。本文在阐述了聚合物材料燃烧特性及机理的基础上,介绍了几种常用的无卤阻燃剂的阻燃机理,并对氢氧化铝、氢氧化镁、红磷及膨胀型阻燃剂等应用于聚乙烯的阻燃进行了实验研究。结果表明:氢氧化铝和氢氧化镁在高添加量时(>150%),材料具有良好的阻燃性能,但与此同时材料的机械性能、电性能及加工性能等都将受到一定程度的破坏;氢氧化铝和氢氧化镁混合使用时具有协同效应,红磷和氢氧化铝混合使用也具有很好的协同效果;膨胀型阻燃剂(IFR)以较少的添加量(约20%)可使聚乙烯(PE)/乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯(EVA)共混物获得较好的阻燃性能(OI为28),但由于IFR的颗粒太大导致材料的机械性能损失很大,另外材料燃烧时发烟量高及滴流现象还无法解决。 辐射交联技术广泛应用于聚合物材料的改性处理。本文阐述了聚合物辐射交联的一些规律,并研究了电子束辐照PE/EVA时辐照剂量对材料的机械性能、电学性能、凝胶含量及耐老化性能的影响,得出材料的最佳辐照剂量范围为80-120KGy。
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Although polyaniline (PANI) has high conductivity and relatively good environmental and thermal stability and is easily synthesized, the intractability of this intrinsically conducting polymer with a melting procedure prevents extensive applications. This work was designed to process PANI with a melting blend method with current thermoplastic polymers. PANI in an emeraldine base form was plasticized and doped with dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid (DBSA) to prepare a conductive complex (PANI-DBSA). PANI-DBSA, low-density polyethylene (LDPE), and an ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) were blended in a twin-rotor mixer. The blending procedure was monitored, including the changes in the temperature, torque moment, and work. As expected, the conductivity of ternary PANI-DBSA/LDPE/EVA was higher by one order of magnitude than that of binary PANI-DBSA/LDPE, and this was attributed to the PANI-DBSA phase being preferentially located in the EVA phase. An investigation of the morphology of the polymer blends with high-resolution optical microscopy indicated that PANI-DBSA formed a conducting network at a high concentration of PANI-DBSA. The thermal and crystalline properties of the polymer blends were measured with differential scanning calorimetry. The mechanical properties were also measured.
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研究了在多官能团单体—三烯丙基异氰酸酯(TAIC)存在下,聚丙烯/乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物(PP/EVA)及聚乙烯/乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物(PE/EVA)共混体系的辐射效应。结果显示,TAIC对PP/EVA共混体系的辐射敏化交联效果显著,改善了PP/EVA体系的相容性,提高了力学性能。EVA对体系的凝胶生成有正协同作用,改善了TAIC在共混体系中的分布。而PE/EVA中的EVA一定程度上妨碍了TAIC的反应转化,对TAIC有一定程度的屏蔽作用。
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通过DSC和WAXD研究了高密度聚乙烯/低密度聚乙烯/乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物(HDPE/LDPE/EVA)三元共混体系的热行为和结晶性能。发现当HDPE含量小于40%时,EVA对LDPE起稀释剂作用,促进HDPE、LDPE的晶相分离,使HDPE、LDPE单独结晶.当HDPE含量高于40%时,LDPE片晶进入HDPE晶相。形成与LDPE在片晶水平上的共晶。
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The dependence of thermal degradation behaviour on vinyl acetate (VA) content of ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) copolymers was studied by thermogravimetric analysis (t.g.a.). Among the parameters investigated, the maximum rate of weight loss at the stage of
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For perhaps the first time, the dynamics of liquid-liquid phase separation was studied by time-resolved mechanical spectrometry in order to establish the relationship between blends' properties and the phase structures during spinodal decomposition (SD). The selected system was chlorinated polyethylene (CPE)/ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA). It was found that in the early and intermediate stage of SD, the storage modulus (G') and the loss modulus (G'') increase with time after the initiation of the isothermal phase separation; in the later stage, G' and G'' decrease as phase separation proceeds. An entanglement fluctuation model was presented to manifest this phenomenon; it was found that the rheological behavior agrees well with the expections of the model in the early stage. For the later stage, the reduction of G' and G'' can be attributed to the increment of phase-domain size. (C) 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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The relationship between molecular and crystalline structural characteristics of the ethylene -dimethylaminoethylmethacrylate copolymers (EDAM) was investigated and related to melt flow index MI and average gross content of DAM comonomer, in comparison with low density polyethylene (LDPE) produced by the common high-pressure radical polymerization process. Although the average molecular weight and its distribution are influenced predominantly by the polymerization conditions, DAM-content seems not to depend significantly on molecular weight according to the GPC-FT/IR measurement. Comonomer sequence distributions were determined quantitatively with the C-13-NMR spectra entirely assigned by DEPT and H-1-C-13 COSY techniques. The result suggests the alternating copolymerization tendency and surprisingly coincides with the simulation out-puts based on the assumption of continuous complete mixing reactor model, using Mayo-Lewis equation and the same Q-e values as previously reported on different types of copolymers such as EVA and St.DAM (VA;vinylacetate, St;styrene). It was confirmed by WAXD and SAXS analyses that the crystallinity X(c) and the thickness of lamellar crystal l(c) decreased with increasing DAM-content, whereas the a-lattice and b-lattice dimensions enlarged. X(c) and l(c) can definitely be correlated to the heats of fusion and crystallization measured by DSC. The average size of spherulites measured with light scattering photometry tends to be enlarged with decreasing molecular weight (increasing MI) and DAM-content.
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本文应用取代基效应(SCS)方法研究了乙烯-乙烯醇(EVA)共聚物,得到了羟基(-OH)在两种不同溶剂中的SCS参数:在苯酚+重水(80/20W/W)中参数为S_1=42.77±0.08ppm,S_2=7.155±0.06ppm,S_3(s)=-4.08±0.02ppm,S_3(t)=-3.09±0.02ppm,S_4=0.48±0.03ppm,S_5=0.26±0.05ppm,在以邻二氯苯为溶剂时参数为S_1=44.97±0.61ppm,S_2=7.40±0.00ppm,S_3(s)=-4.51±0.17ppm,S_3(t)=-3.13±0.00ppm,S_4=0.63±0.04ppm,S_5=0.36±0.00ppm,同时利用所得到的SCS参数对该共聚物的~(13)C NMR谱进行了归属。
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本文以低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)和乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物(EVA)为基材,炭黑(CB)为导电微粒,探讨了聚合物-炭黑复合物的结构对正温度系数效应(PTC)增强与减弱的影响和炭黑含量与PTC效应的关系以及交联结构对PTC现象的稳定作用.