景物的三维信息获取及其运动分析

采用模糊熵函数对图象象素分类作出整体最优分类评价,实现了区域分割.利用矩及其函数做为各区域的特征表达,构成以区域为基元的符号特征集并描述图象内容。根据立体图象对间的几何关系,解出各区域(基元)的相对三维坐标。与象索匹配相比较,它可以获得较高精度的三维信息和可描述的景物信息.通过获取不同时空的各区域(基元)三维信息,确定了它们的空间运动状态。联系这些状态,构造出景物中物体间的空间关系和近似模型,实现了对景物的3-D识别和描述。

一种基于三焦点张量的度量重建方法

从二维图像恢复物体的三维结构是计算视觉的一个重要研究方向。通过研究三视图之间的对极几何,提出了一种基于三线性关系的度量重建方法。不需要对相机的运动或者景物结构施加任何约束,使用直接重建方法,利用三焦点张量恢复场景的度量重构。仿真实验和真实图像实验表明,该度量重建方法具有很高的准确性和实用性。

人－组织匹配等因素对员工的满意度、组织承诺的影响

P-J Fit and P-O Fit are focus problems in the investigation field of industry and organization psychology. They have distinct influences on staff job performance and job attitude. In a certain extend,these influences are moderated by some variables. LMX(Leader-member Exchange) and TMX(Team-member exchange) are two most important personal relationship types in job scene. Post investigations indicated that they are equal to forecasting variables and moderating variables of staff job performance and job attitude. From actualities, although there are many investigations about the relationships between P-J Fit, P-O Fit, LMX, TMX and job attitude, these investigations only focused on some aspects, and they discussed little about four aspects at one time and mutual influences. Using hierarchical regression analysis to analyze the survey data collected from 592 employees in a big governmental telecom company, we got some results as follows: (1)After controlling demography variables, standardized regression coefficients on P-J Fit, P-O Fit, LMX, TMX and job satisfaction, organization commitment are all positive, and reach distinct levels. (2) LMX could distinctly moderate the influences of P-J Fit, P-O Fit on job satisfaction, but couldn’t distinctly moderate the influences of the two on organization commitment. Specifically, as LMX increased,the effect of P-J on job satisfaction decreased gradually,while the effect of P-O increased. (3) TMX could not distinctly moderate the relationships between P-J Fit, P-O Fit, job satisfaction and organization commitment. The theoretical implication of this investigation lies in enriching and developing investigations in these fields in a certain extend, through conforming the influences of P-J Fit, P-O Fit, LMX, and TMX on job satisfaction and organization commitment. The practical implication lies in revealing these aspects for corporation governors: When selecting applications for a job, they should try their best to realize the best fit of personal ability and the job requirements, personal value and organization culture. They should enhance staff job satisfaction and organization commitment through furthering the relationship between the leader and members, team members each other. They should cushion disadvantage influences of non-P-J Fit on staff job satisfaction and enhance positive influences of P-O Fit. 【Key words】 person-job fit; person-organization fit; leader-member exchange; team member exchange; job attitude

内在参照轴在图形再认中的作用

Shape recognition is among the basic skills to live in the complex environment. There are already a series of studies found interesting mental phenomena in shape recognition, such as mental rotation, which was also found in scene recognition and suggested that there would be common mechanisms in these two recognition processes. Recently, Mou and his colleagues (2008) found that scene recognition was not only viewpoint dependent but also intrinsic-orientation dependent. In our study, we applied their part recognition paradigm to shape recognition and investigated whether there was intrinsic orientation effect in shape recognition, and furthermore, we investigated the selection of the intrinsic axis in shape recognition. The results showed that a test shape divided from the learning direction and thus containing intrinsic axis was easier to recognize, relative to the test shape which was not divided from the learning direction. The results also showed that a test shape presented from the viewing direction was easier to recognize than from other direction. Furthermore, after we added an oblique rectangular background to the learning shape, the results showed that participants chose the prolate axis of the rectangular background as their learning direction and thus the direction of the intrinsic axis. This result suggested that the direction of the intrinsic axis can be separated from the viewing direction, and background can play a decisive role in the selection of intrinsic axis.

真实和虚拟现实环境下场景识别中的空间更新

Currently，one of the important research areas in Spatial updating is the role of external (for instance visual) and internal (for instance proprioceptive or vestibular) information in spatial updating of scene recognition. Our study uses the paradigm of classic spatial updating research and the experimental design of investigation of Burgess(2004),first, we will explore the concrete influence of locomotion on scene recognition in real world; next, we will use virtual reality technology, which can control many spatial learning parameters and exclude the influence of extra irrelevant variables, to explore the influence of pure locomotion without visual cue on scene recognition, and furthermore, we will explore whether the ability of spatial updating can be transferred to new situations in a short period of time and compare the result pattern in real word with that in virtual reality to test the validity of virtual reality technology in spatial updating of scene recognition research. The main results of this paper can be summarized as follows： 1. In real world, we found two effects: the spatial updating effect and the viewpoint dependent effect, this result indicated that the spatial updating effect based on locomotion does not eliminate the viewpoint dependent effect during the scene recognition process in physical environment. 2. In virtual reality environment, we still found two effects: the spatial updating effect and the viewpoint dependent effect, this result showed us that the spatial updating effect based on locomotion does not eliminate the viewpoint dependent effect during the scene recognition process in virtual reality environment either. 3. The spatial updating effect based on locomotion plays double role in scene recognition: When subjects were tested in different viewpoint, spatial updating based on locomotion promoted scene recognition; while subjected were tested in same viewpoint, spatial updating based on locomotion had a negative influence on scene recognition, these results show us that spatial updating based on locomotion is automated and can not be ignored. 4. The ability of spatial updating can be transferred to new situations in a short period of time , and the experiment in the immersed virtual reality environment got the same result pattern with that in the physical environment, suggesting VR technology is a very effective method to do research on spatial updating of the scene recognition studies. 5. This study about scene recognition provides evidence to double system model of spatial updating in the immersed virtual reality environment.

物体朝向对场景内在参照系建立的影响

Six experiments tested how headings of objects in scenes influenced the construction for the intrinsic frame of reference under different structure and viewpoint amount conditions. In Experiment 1 and 2, participants stood at 0 degree and learned an asymmetrical scene and a symmetrical scene that were composed by balls with no apparent headings separately. In Experiment 3, 4, 5 and 6, toys with apparent headings were used and they all faced the 315 degree of the scene. In Experiment 3 and 4, participants stood at 0 degree and learned an asymmetrical scene and a symmetrical scene that were composed by toys separately. In Experiment 5 and 6, participants stood at 0 and 315 degree and learned an asymmetrical scene and a symmetrical scene that were composed by toys separately. After learning, participants needed to finish triplet recognition tasks in all the experiments. The dependent measures were response latency and accuracy. The correct response latencies to the targets were analyzed by ANOVA. Accuracy was used to filter data and analyzed in an ANOVA in some experiments as a reference. Results indicate that headings of objects in scenes influence the pattern for intrinsic frame of reference. The structure of scene affects the acting mechanism of heading, but the amount of viewpoints does not have this effect. If the objects in scenes have no apparent headings, there will be viewpoint dependent effect and the advantage of symmetry axis as intrinsic axis in triplet recognition tasks. If the objects in scenes have apparent headings, people’s spatial memory pattern will be affected by objects’ headings. If the heading of objects (315 degree) is not parallel to the viewpoint (0 degree) in an asymmetrical scene, people will be inclined to represent the scene from the heading of objects but not from the viewpoint. As a result, the viewpoint dependent effect will disappear, and there is significant advantage for the triplets presented from heading of objects. If the heading of objects is not parallel to the symmetry axis in a symmetrical scene, people will represent the scene not only according to the symmetry axis as intrinsic axis, but also according to the heading of objects. As a result, the significant advantage for symmetry axis as intrinsic axis in triplet recognition tasks will disappear but there will be still a tendency. By contrast, the effect for the headings of objects is more significant in asymmetrical scenes than that in symmetrical scenes.

颜色在自然场景知觉中的作用

Color has an unresolved role in the rapid process of natural scene. The temporal changes of the color effect might partly account for the debates. Besides, the distinction of localized and unlocalized information has not been addressed directly in these color studies. Here we present two experiments that investigate whether color contributes to categorization in a briefly flashed natural image and also whether it is mediated by time and low-level information. By controlling the interval between target and mask stimuli, Experiment 1 tested the hypothesis that colors could facilitate in the early stage of scene perception and the effect would decay in later processing. Experiment 2 examined how the randomization of local phase information influenced the color’s advantage over gray. Together, the results suggest that color does enhance natural scene categorization at short exposure time. Furthermore, results imply that effect of color is stable between 12 and120ms, and is not accounted by showing the structures organized by localized information. Therefore，we concluded that color always make effect in the process of rapid scene categorization, and do not depend on localized information. Thus, the present study is an attempt to fill the gap in previous research; its results is an contribution to deeper understanding of the role of color in natural scene perception.

表征方式对网上购物信息搜索行为影响的工程心理学实验研究

Interface has been becoming a more significant element today which influences the development of shopping on-line greatly. But in practice the attention arisen from society and study made are quite inadequate. Under this circumstance, I focus my study on the purpose of improving understanding of the engineering psychological factors, which definitely will play a crucial role in shopping on-line representation in future, and of the relations between them through the following experimental research. I hope it can give a basic reference to the practical application of shopping on-line representation pattern and continuous study. In current thesis, an analysis was made on the basis of engineering psychology principles from three aspects, i.e. person (users), task and information environment. It was considered that system overview and information behavior model would have great impact on the activities of users on the web and that representation pattern of information system would affect the forming of system overview and behavior pattern and then further after the performances of users in information system. Based on above-mentioned statement, a three-dimensional conceptual model was presented which demonstrates the relations between the crucial factors, which are media representation pattern, system hierarchy and objects in information unit. Thereafter, eight study hypothesis, which are about engineering psychological factors of virtual reality (VR) representation in shopping on-line system, was taken out and four experiments were followed up to testify the hypothesis. -In experiment one, a research was made to study how the three kinds of single media representation pattern influence the forming of system overview and information behavior from the point view of task performance, operating error, overall satisfactory and mental workload etc. -In experiment two, a study of how the combined media representation pattern of system hierarchy influences users' behavior was carried out. -In experiment three, a study of the hierarchy structure feature of VR representation pattern and the tendency of its width and depth to the effects of system behavior was made. -In experiment four, a study of the location relations between different parties in VR scene (information unit) was made. The result is as follows: -During structure dimensional state: Width-increasing caused more damage to the speed of users than depth-increasing in VR representation pattern. Although the performance of subjects was quite slow in wider environment, yet the percentage rate of causing errors was in lowest level. -During hierarchy representation pattern: 1. Between the representation patterns of the three media, no significant differences was found in terms of the speed of fulfilling the task, error rate, satisfactory, mental workload etc. But the pattern with figure- aided gained the worst results on all of these aspects. 2. During primary stage of the task and the first level of the hierarchy, the speed of subjects' performance in VR pattern was slower than that in text pattern. While with developing of the task and going deeper level of the hierarchy, the speed of users' performance in VR representation pattern reached to the highest level. 3. Effects in VR representation pattern was better than that in text pattern in higher level of the system. The representation pattern in highest level has greatest impact on the performance of the system behavior, whereas results of the only VR representation in the middle part of hierarchy would be worst. 4. Activity error in single media representation pattern was more than that in combined media representation pattern. 5. Individual differences among subjects had effects on the representation pattern of the system. During VR environment, behavior tendency of party A had a significant negative correlation to the quantities of errors. -In VR-scene representation: Physical-distance and flash influenced the subjects' task performance greatly, while psychological-distance has no outstanding impact. Subjects' accurate rate of performing increased if objects with same relation were in the same structure position, in the state of close psychological-distance or if the object target flashed (not reliable). Although the article limits the topic only on the present-existing questions and analysis of shopping-on-line, as a matter of fact, it can also apply for other relevant purposes on the web. While the study of this article only gives its emphasis on the researching-task with definite goal, making no consideration of other task conditions and their relations with other navigation tools. So I hope it lay a good start to make continuous research in this areas.