STUDY ON THE MODE OF PRIMARY CONTROL IN THE EGG OF GYNOGENETIC CRUCIAN CARP FOR INHIBITING THE DEVELOPMENT OF 2 TYPES OF SPERM NUCLEI

By comparing the different developmental characteristics of two types of sperm nuclei which were from gynogenetic fish (crucian carp) and amphimictic fishes (red carp, red goldfish and sex-reversal red carp) respectively in the eggs of gynogenetic crucian carp, it was preliminarily revealed that there existed selective inhibiting actions of the primary control in the eggs of crucian carp for inhibiting the development of the two types of sperm nuclei. To homologous sperms, the primary control showed weak effect, thus leading to the decondensation of homologous sperm nuclei at different degrees in the eggs of crucian carp. But to heterologous sperms, the primary control showed strong effects, resulting in the total inhibition of the development of heterologous sperm nuclei. Moreover, our experimental results also showed that the different developmental behavior of the two types of sperm nuclei might have a great relationship to the changes of the sex ratio in the population of gynogenetic crucian carp. The infiltration of "the genetic materials in sperm nuclei" into the female nucleus at random might play an important role in male emergence in the naturally gynogenetic population of crucian carp.

The mean value concept in mono-linear regression of multi-variables and its application to trace studies in geosciences

IEECAS SKLLQG

Retention modeling and simultaneous optimization of pH value and gradient steepness in RP-HPLC using feed-forward neural networks

A novel approach is proposed for the simultaneous optimization of mobile phase pH and gradient steepness in RP-HPLC using artificial neural networks. By presetting the initial and final concentration of the organic solvent, a limited number of experiments with different gradient time and pH value of mobile phase are arranged in the two-dimensional space of mobile phase parameters. The retention behavior of each solute is modeled using an individual artificial neural network. An "early stopping" strategy is adopted to ensure the predicting capability of neural networks. The trained neural networks can be used to predict the retention time of solutes under arbitrary mobile phase conditions in the optimization region. Finally, the optimal separation conditions can be found according to a global resolution function. The effectiveness of this method is validated by optimization of separation conditions for amino acids derivatised by a new fluorescent reagent.

Retention modeling and optimization of pH value and solvent composition in HPLC using back-propagation neural networks and uniform design

A novel method for the optimization of pH value and composition of mobile phase in HPLC using artificial neural networks and uniform design is proposed. As the first step. seven initial experiments were arranged and run according to uniform design. Then the retention behavior of the solutes is modeled using back-propagation neural networks. A trial method is used to ensure the predicting capability of neural networks. Finally, the optimal separation conditions can be found according to a global resolution function. The effectiveness of this method is validated by optimization of separation conditions for both basic and acidic samples.

bridge the gap between software test process and business value: a case study

Chinese Academy of Sciences (ISCAS)

value-based multiple software projects scheduling with genetic algorithm

Chinese Acad Sci, ISCAS Lab Internet Software Technologies

Direct electrochemistry of hemoglobin in egg-phosphatidylcholine films and its catalysis to H2O2

Direct electrochemistry of hemoglobin was observed in stable thin film composed of a natural lipid (egg-phosphatidylcholine) and hemoglobin on pyrolytic graphite (PG) electrode. Hemoglobin in lipid films shows thin layer electrochemistry behavior. The formal potential Edegrees' of hemoglobin in the lipid film was linearly varied with pH in the range from 3.5 to 7.0 with a slope of -46.4 mV pH(-1) Hemoglobin in the lipid film exhibited elegant catalytic activity for electrochemical reduction of H202, based which a unmediated biosensor for H2O2 was developed.

Decomposition of circular dichroism of norepinephrine by singular value decomposition-least square method

Singular value decomposition - least squares (SVDLS), a new method for processing the multiple spectra with multiple wavelengths and multiple components in thin layer spectroelectrochemistry has been developed. The CD spectra of three components, norepinephrine reduced form of norepinephrinechrome and norepinephrinequinone, and their fraction distributions with applied potential were obtained in three redox processes of norepinephrine from 30 experimental CD spectra, which well explains electrochemical mechanism of norepinephrine as well as the changes in the CD spectrum during the electrochemical processes.

Preparation and mass spectrometric study of egg yolk antibody (IgY) against rabies virus

Rabies virus was used as the antigen to immunize laying chickens. Anti-rabies virus immunoglobulin Y(IgY) was isolated from yolks of the eggs laid by these chickens using a two-step salt precipitation and one-step gel filtration protocol. The purified IgY was reduced with dithiothreitol, and heavy chains (HC) and light chains (LC) were obtained. In addition, the purified IgY was digested with pepsin and the fragment with specific antigen binding properties (Fab) was produced. Using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOFMS), the average molecular weights of IgY, HC, LC, and Fab were determined as 167 250, 65 105, 18 660, and 45,359 Da, respectively. IgY has two structural differences compared with mammalian IgGs. First, the molecular weight of the heavy chain of IgY is larger than that of its mammalian counterpart, while the molecular weight of the light chain of IgY is smaller. Second, upon pepsin digestion, anti-rabies virus IgY is degraded into Feb, in contrast to mammalian IgG, which has been reported to be degraded into F(ab')(2) under the same conditions. Copyright (C) 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.