Diversity and spatial distribution of sediment ammonia-oxidizing crenarchaeota in response to estuarine and environmental gradients in the Changjiang Estuary and East China Sea

Ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) have recently been found to be potentially important in nitrogen cycling in a variety of environments, such as terrestrial soils, wastewater treatment reactors, marine waters and sediments, and especially in estuaries, where high input of anthropogenic nitrogen is often experienced. The sedimentary AOA diversity, community structure and spatial distribution in the Changjiang Estuary and the adjacent East China Sea were studied. Multivariate statistical analysis indicated that the archaeal amoA genotype communities could be clustered according to sampling transects, and the station located in an estuarine mixing zone harboured a distinct AOA community. The distribution of AOA communities correlated significantly with the gradients of surface-water salinity and sediment sorting coefficient. The spatial distribution of putative soil-related AOA in certain sampling stations indicated a strong impact of the Changjiang freshwater discharge on the marine benthic microbial ecosystem. Besides freshwater, nutrients, organic matter and suspended particles, the Changjiang Diluted Water might also contribute to the transport of terrestrial archaea into the seawater and sediments along its flow path.

Impact of germanium on the growth of Pseudonitzschia pungens f. multiseries and the production of algal toxin

The impacts of germanic acid Ge(OH)(4) on the growth of Psuedonitzschia pungens f. multiseries and on the production of the algal toxin, domoic acid, were studied. The results showed that germanic acid in the range of concentrations could inhibit the growth of the algal cells and the inhibition was enhancing with the concentrations of germanic acid increasing. Germanic acid also could inhibit the production of the algal toxin, domoic acid in cells and the inhibition reached up to 100% at Ge/Si = 35. Based on the results, the mechanism was discussed.

藏药抱茎獐牙莱HPLC指纹图谱研究

采用反相高效液相色谱-二极管阵列的检测方法,对不同产地的10批野生和栽培抱茎獐牙菜药材的水溶性成分进行了分析,建立了抱茎獐牙菜药材的指纹图谱.色谱柱为VP-ODS C18柱(5 μm,150 mm×4.6 mm),流动相为甲醇-0.02%的磷酸水溶液,检测波长254 nm.用文中的最佳条件可较全面地反映抱茎獐牙菜的主要成分,为藏药抱茎獐牙菜的质量控制提供了科学依据.

210Pbex沉积通量突发增大对湖泊生产力的指示

210Pb沉积计年的基本假设是大气沉降并经由湖水转入沉积物的210Pbex 通量稳定. 当沉积速率相对稳定时, 沉积物中210Pbex 的比活度将随沉积年代呈指数衰减. 湖泊水体中的210Pbex 主要随有机微粒的沉降而进入沉积物. 如果湖泊水体中有机质沉积通量出现突发增大时, 则可能显著地增大210Pbex 被清洗而转入沉积物的通量. 这种突发性清洗效应, 一方面显然不符合210Pb沉积计年的基本前提; 另一方面可能指示湖泊水体初级生产力的明显变化. 根据云南程海近代沉积物210Pbex 垂直剖面的特殊变化, 对这一问题进行讨论. 沉积物柱芯于1997年6月采自程海深水湖区. 137Cs比活度垂直剖面呈现出3峰特征, 给出了可靠的计年结果并显示出近几十年间沉积物堆积的稳定性. 而210Pbex 比活度垂直剖面呈现出特异的峰值分布, 并与Corg垂直剖面相似. 这一现象可能与制约210Pbex 转入沉积物的机制有关. 程海沉积物中Horg/Corg和Corg/Norg原子比平均值分别为5.51和7.04, 表明其有机质主要源于内生藻类残骸. 根据沉积物有机质“沉降-降解-堆积”的3阶段特征, 模拟计算出1970年以来有机碳Corg的沉积通量(F(Corg)). 不同年代210Pbex 的沉积通量(F(210Pbex ))与F(Corg)显示出很好的同步关系. 特别是1972～1974年和1986～1989年的两个时段, 二者同步增大. F(Corg)的变化导致F(210Pbex )的变化; F (210Pbex)的变化在一定程度上反映出湖泊生产力的历史变化