22 resultados para D. B. Elkonin


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黄足黄守瓜和黄足黑守瓜是两个非常相似的守瓜属甲虫,但它们对寄主的选择性和取食行为却完全不同.黄足黄守瓜先用口器在黄瓜或南瓜叶面划圈,然后取食圈内叶组织,但却不取食丝瓜、苦瓜和西瓜,而黄足黑守瓜则只取食丝瓜,且不发生划圈取食行为.研究表明,这两种甲虫的寄主选择性及取食行为与瓜类作物合成的葫芦素种类显著相关.黄瓜和南瓜在黄足黄守瓜取食后能诱导合成抑制取食的葫芦素I,使得黄守瓜只能先划圈阻断葫芦素I在叶面的迁移才能取食圈内叶组织.而苦瓜和西瓜本身就合成抑制取食的葫芦素D,使得甲虫不选择这两种瓜类作物取食.丝瓜则合成刺激甲虫取食的葫芦素BE,使得黑守瓜能直接取食.本研究表明,守瓜属甲虫对寄主植物合成的特定次生物质的味觉响应机制在其寄主选择和取食行为方面起着重要作用.

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We investigate the cohesive energy, heat of formation, elastic constant and electronic band structure of transition metal diborides TMB2 (TM = Hf, Ta, W, Re, Os and Ir, Pt) in the Pmmn space group using the ab initio pseudopotential total energy method. Our calculations indicate that there is a relationship between elastic constant and valence electron concentration (VEC): the bulk modulus and shear modulus achieve their maximum when the VEC is in the range of 6.8-7.2. In addition, trends in the elastic constant are well explained in terms of electronic band structure analysis, e.g., occupation of valence electrons in states near the Fermi level, which determines the cohesive energy and elastic properties. The maximum in bulk modulus and shear modulus is attributed to the nearly complete filling of TM d-B p bonding states without filling the antibonding states. On the basis of the observed relationship, we predict that alloying W and Re in the orthorhombic structure OsB2 might be harder than alloying the Ir element. Indeed, the further calculations confirmed this expectation.

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合成了八-4-(正壬氧基)酞菁铽(Ⅲ)(A)、八-4-(四氢糠氧基)酞菁(Ⅲ)(B、双酞菁铽(Ⅲ)(C)、八-4-硝基酞菁铽(Ⅲ)(D,并通过元素分析、红外光谱、质谱和紫外.可见光谱加以确认。配合物Bπ-A曲线表明它有很好的成膜性,Y型沉积形成的LB材料有很强的荧光响应,随着LB厚度的增加,荧光性增强掺杂邻菲咯啉形成的混合LB,其荧光性比纯膜强。n(配合物B:n(邻菲咯啉)=1:10时有最好的荧光行为.

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在中国科学院海北高寒草甸生态系统开放实验站进行的燕麦与箭舌豌豆、红豆草、毛苕子3 种豆科牧草混播栽培的试验研究, 采用正交设计及极差分析方法对混播组合作择优评判。结果表明: 红豆草在年均温-1. 7 ℃, ≥5 ℃积温1 000 ℃, 海拔3 200 m 的高寒地区可与燕麦建立一年生混播割草地。其产量水平高于毛苕子与燕麦混播的草地而与箭舌豌豆与燕麦混播的草地相当。对豆科牧草种(A )、混作方式(B)、混播总密度(C) 和混播比例(D) 4 个因素进行择优组合可提高单位面积牧草产量。4 种试验因素对混播草地牧草产量的效应大小依次为C> A > D> B本试验最优组合为5 号组合(A 2B2C3D1)。

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As a fast and effective method for approximate calculation of seismic numerical simulation, ray tracing method, which has important theory and practical application value, in terms of seismic theory and seismic simulation, inversion, migration, imaging, simplified from seismic theory according to geometric seismic, means that the main energy of seismic wave field propagates along ray paths in condition of high-frequency asymptotic approximation. Calculation of ray paths and traveltimes is one of key steps in seismic simulation, inversion, migration, and imaging. Integrated triangular grids layout on wavefront with wavefront reconstruction ray tracing method, the thesis puts forward wavefront reconstruction ray tracing method based on triangular grids layout on wavefront, achieves accurate and fast calculation of ray paths and traveltimes. This method has stable and reasonable ray distribution, and overcomes problems caused by shadows in conventional ray tracing methods. The application of triangular grids layout on wavefront, keeps all the triangular grids stable, and makes the division of grids and interpolation of a new ray convenient. This technology reduces grids and memory, and then improves calculation efficiency. It enhances calculation accuracy by accurate and effective description and division on wavefront. Ray tracing traveltime table, which shares the character of 2-D or 3-D scatter data, has great amount of data points in process of seismic simulation, inversion, migration, and imaging. Therefore the traveltime table file will be frequently read, and the calculation efficiency is very low. Due to these reasons, reasonable traveltime table compression will be very necessary. This thesis proposes surface fitting and scattered data compression with B-spline function method, applies to 2-D and 3-D traveltime table compression. In order to compress 2-D (3-D) traveltime table, first we need construct a smallest rectangular (cuboidal) region with regular grids to cover all the traveltime data points, through the coordinate range of them in 2-D surface (3-D space). Then the value of finite regular grids, which are stored in memory, can be calculated using least square method. The traveltime table can be decompressed when necessary, according to liner interpolation method of 2-D (3-D) B-spline function. In the above calculation, the coefficient matrix is stored using sparse method and the liner system equations are solved using LU decomposition based on the multi-frontal method according to the sparse character of the least square method matrix. This method is practiced successfully in several models, and the cubic B-spline function can be the best basal function for surface fitting. It make the construction surface smooth, has stable and effective compression with high approximate accuracy using regular grids. In this way, through constructing reasonable regular grids to insure the calculation efficiency and accuracy of compression and surface fitting, we achieved the aim of traveltime table compression. This greatly improves calculation efficiency in process of seismic simulation, inversion, migration, and imaging.

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文章应用三维荧光光谱技术对洱海沉积物孔隙水中的溶解有机质进行了研究。结果表明,所有样品均含有4个明显的荧光峰,其中A和C为类腐殖酸荧光,BD类蛋白荧光。荧光强度在沉积物-水界面特别强,在1cm处急剧下降,之后随着沉积深度呈上升趋势。孔隙水溶解有机质均具有强的类蛋白荧光,揭示了溶解有机质中含有大量色氨酸、酪氨酸等芳环结构的类蛋白物质,并且在早期成岩过程中随着沉积深度呈积累趋势;类蛋白荧光与类腐殖酸荧光之间具有一定的相关关系,r(A,C)值在0.94-1.79之间,随着沉积深度逐渐下降,r(D,B)值在0.9-1.75之间,与r(A,C)值极为接近,且随着沉积深度有着类似的变化趋势,说明在洱海沉积物孔隙

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泥炭作为一种地质档案,其发育形成过程中包含了丰富的古气候和古环境的变化信息。由于泥炭沉积中植物残体的碳、氧等稳定同位素组成与气候变化之间存在着密切关系,其稳定同位素时间序列已作为气候变化的代用指标逐渐用于古气候的恢复和重建,尤其是在以高时间分辨率重建全新世以来的气候环境变化方面已取得一些重要进展。 本论文通过对湖北省神农架地区大九湖泥炭中植物残体的氧、碳同位素的研究,同时以温度和湿度这两种重要的气候参数代用指标,恢复和重建全新世以来中国中部地区的气候状况。通过本论文的工作并与其它相关成果综合对比研究,对从末次冰消期晚期和全新世以来中国中部地区气候状况有如下的认识: 1. 末次冰消期晚期至全新世阶段,大九湖泥炭纤维素δ18O敏感地记录了发生在约14.67~12.89 cal. kaBPBA暖期以及在此期间所发生的两次冷事件:Oder Dryas冷事件和Intra-Allerød事件;并指示随后的Allerød期明显较Bølling暖期偏冷;在新仙女木时期(YD,神农架地区温度较低,事件中后期温度开始回升;在11.0~9.0 cal. kaBP的早全新世时期,大九湖泥炭δ18O在波动中升高,指示了整体上的温暖气候,期间存在一系列的气候变冷事件。这些冷事件基本都是叠加在一种长期的、相对较暖的变化趋势上,有别于末次冰消期的突然变冷事件;在9.0~5.0 cal. kaBP的中全新世阶段,神农架地区总体上处于相对温暖的适宜阶段,但波动较为频繁,期间记录到了著名的“8.2ka”冷事件;约5.0 cal. kaBP开始,大九湖泥炭δ18O值持续升高,指示以一次快速的升温过程开始了晚全新世阶段并保持在一个相对较高的温度水平;在整体温暖的气候背景下也明显记录有“4.2ka”、“小冰期”等全球性冷事件;大九湖泥炭纤维素δ18O所记录的温度变化趋势与中国大陆地区其他一些气候代用指标所记录的温度变化趋势有很好的相似性,说明中国大陆地区温度变化的趋势基本一致。 2. 大九湖泥炭δ18O温度变化序列所记录到的历次突然气候变冷事件,与格陵兰冰芯和北大西洋冷事件的发生具有很好的一致性,这说明对应于北半球高纬度区域的气候变化,在中低纬度的中国地区同样存在响应和变化,并且这种响应贯穿于整个全新世阶段。 3. 大九湖泥炭纤维素δ13C敏感地记录了末次冰消期以来东亚季风的演变历史。东亚季风在整个末次冰消期至晚全新世阶段始终处于一种强弱交替的波动态势。在末次冰消期至全新世早期,其整体上表现为一种由弱转强的态势;在全新世早期和中期阶段,东亚季风活动强度整体较高,表现为整个时间序列中的高活动时段,而其中也出现了数次明显的减弱迹象;全新世晚期阶段,东亚季风的活动强度较中期和早期为弱,整体上表现出低幅的波动但没有恢复到前两个时期的活动强度。在中世纪温暖期阶段的中后期,东亚季风的活动强度开始在波动中逐渐升高。 4. 该泥炭纤维素代用指标所记录的一些东亚季风突变(增强)事件与同一时期所发生的印度季风的突变(减弱)事件具有很好的对应关系;进一步证实这两个季风系统之间所存在的反相变化关系;同时,这些突变事件与北大西洋IRD事件在发生时间段也具有较好的对应关系,即每当北大西洋地区气候变冷时,东亚季风都表现出增强的迹象。 5. 综合分析中国泥炭同位素古气候记录和其它研究结果,对气候驱动机制有如下认识:当太阳活动发生百年至千年时间尺度的减弱时,由大气臭氧层变化所触发的影响向大气层下部延伸,导致北半球气候变冷;同时,减弱的太阳活动可能在赤道太平洋触发类厄尔尼诺状态出现,并引发印度洋夏季风减弱和东亚夏季风增强;早全新世北半球冰盖周围大冰湖冰岸坍塌,湖中巨量体积淡水突然流入北大西洋,导致海洋温盐环流传送带运转放慢甚致停顿,通过跨赤道的温盐环流向北输送的热量大大减少,引起北半球气候变冷;由于海洋温盐环流的变化改变了全球热量的分配,暖水在地球南部积累,导致西太平洋暖池区域海表面水与深层水温度之间反差的增加,从而有利于类厄尔尼诺状态出现,同样将可能引起印度洋夏季风减弱和东亚夏季风增强。