新疆策勒棉花节水与特高产栽培技术

该文通过田间观测研究，查明了绿洲棉花需水耗水规律，建立了高产棉田节水和高效用水技术体系.通过对密植条件下棉花生态适应性的研究，创立了双株双层立体栽培模式和相应配套技术，使皮棉产量达到了3,859.5kg.hm<'-2>，比普通棉田产量翻了一番，也创造了皮棉单产的世界纪录.试验结果表明，普通棉田传统灌溉量高达770.0mm，水分利用效率仅为0.10kg.m<'-3>，而研究得出的普通栽培模式的优化灌溉定额仅为362.3mm，其优化分配方案为播种期90.0mm、苗期51.0mm、蕾期76.5mm、花铃期85.1mm、吐絮期59.6mm，水分利用效率达到0.22kg.m<'-3>.特高产栽培模式的水分利用效率高达0.50kg.m<'-3>.连续三年的高产实践证明，该高产模式不仅具有在不降低皮棉品质的前提下保证高产的先进性，而且还具有良好的可重现性.“双株双层”结构的形成是棉花特高产栽培技术的核心.由选用良种、蹲苗密植、化控塑型、植保防病、配方施肥和节水灌溉等配套技术组成的技术体系是实现棉花特高产的关键.

变水处理与短期遮荫对作物水分利用效率的影响

变水处理与短期遮荫对棉花水分利用效率的影响研究表明 ,在充分供水 -水分胁迫 -复水的变水处理过程中 ,短期遮荫使净光合速率、蒸腾速率、水分利用效率降低 ;光照 -遮荫 -光照期间 ,总的水分利用效率以水分胁迫的最高 ,充分供水的次之 ,复水处理最低 ,其中遮荫 40 %的水分利用效率高于遮荫 75%的处理 .回归分析表明 ,水分利用效率与光合速率表现出极显著正相关 ,两者回归直线的斜率随水分胁迫而增大 ,而水分利用效率与蒸腾速率的关系较弱 ,多数处理两者相关达不到显著水平

利用城乡废弃资源提高土壤保水保肥功能

以生活炉渣、建筑废料、生物秸秆等城乡废弃资源为原料,制备一种面向节水农业的环保新产品———土壤扩蓄增容肥.实验结果表明:在棉花苗期,6种土壤扩蓄增容肥配方的节水效果较土对照高300倍,干物质积累增加4.77%~50.00%.6种配方的皮棉产量均比对照高,增产幅度为4.70%~14.25%,纤维物理性状有所改善.产量高低顺序依次是,玉米秸秆>小麦秸秆>生活炉渣>秸秆木炭>建筑废料>煤矸石>CK.利用城乡废弃资源生产的扩蓄增容剂,不仅能改良土壤物理和化学性状,更是棉花增产、优质、节水、降低生产成本的关键技术措施之一,具有显著的生态效益、社会效益和经济效益.

土壤水分与短期遮光对棉花光合及其气孔响应的影响

以陆地棉 (Gossypium hirsutum L.Zhongmain No.2 3)为供试材料 ,探讨了在充分供水-水分胁迫 -复水的处理过程中 ,短期不同遮光水平对棉花光合特性及其气孔响应的影响。结果表明 ,在水分处理过程中 ,所有不同遮光水平的棉花叶片对短期遮光具有相似的基本响应规律 :短期遮光使净光合速率迅速降低 ,气孔导度减少 ,但减少速率缓慢 ;遮阳网去掉后 ,叶片气孔重新开放速率和光合恢复被延迟。水分胁迫期间 ,所有遮光处理的水分利用效率均最高 ,但净光合速率均较低 ,光合及其气孔响应受到严重限制 ,遮光 75%受到的影响大于遮光 40 %的处理。复水后水分胁迫带来的残留影响仍然存在 ,结果使水分利用效率在整个水分处理过程中最低 ,遮光 75%的处理尤为明显。上述表明 ,土壤水分与短期遮光对棉花光合及其气孔响应的影响十分显著

Fabrication of Superhydrophobic Cellulose-Based Materials through a Solution-Immersion Process

An industrial waterproof reagent [(potassium methyl siliconate) (PMS)] was used for fabricating a superhydrophobic surface on a cellulose-based material (cotton fabric or paper) through a solution-immersion method. This method involves a hydrogen bond assembly and a polycondensation process. The silanol, which was formed by a reaction of PMS aqueous solution with CO2, Was assembled on the cellulose molecule surface via hydrogen bond interactions. The polymethylsilsesquioxane coatings were prepared by a polycondensation reaction of the hydroxyl between cellulose and silatiol. The superhydrophobic cellulose materials were characterized by FTIR spectroscopy, thermogravimetry, and surface analysis (XPS, FESEM, AFM, and contact angle measurements).

Surface-enhanced resonance Raman spectroscopic study of yeast iso-1-cytochrome c and its mutant

The structural stability and redox properties of yeast iso-1-cytochrome c and its mutant, F82H, were studied by surface-enhanced resonance Raman scattering (SERRS) spectroscopy. Phenylalanine, which exists at the position-82 in yeast iso-1-cytochrome c, is replaced by histidine in the mutant. The SERRS spectra of the proteins on the bare silver electrodes indicate that the mutant possesses a more stable global structure with regard to the adsorption-induced conformational alteration. The redox potential of the mutant negatively shifts by about 400 mV, relative to that of yeast iso-1-cytochrome c. This is ascribed to axial ligand switching and higher solvent accessibility of the heme iron in the mutant during the redox reactions.

Asymmetric polymerization of menthyl methacrylate by anionic catalysts

In this paper, (-)menthyl methacrylate((-)MnMA) was polymerized at -78degreesC in toluene with three types of anionic catalysts, which were complexes of fluorenyllithium with (-)sparteine -((-)-Sp), (S, S)-(+)-2, 3-dimethoxy-1, 4-bis(dimethylamino)butane((+)DDB) and N,N,N,N'-tetramethylethylenediamine(TMEDA), and the chiral optical property of the obtained polymer was studied. The circular dichroism (CD) spectrum of the polymer showed negative Cotton effect.

Photoelectrochemical reduction of CO2 mediated with methylviologen at roughened silver electrodes

The photoelectrocatalytic effect for the reduction of CO2 mediated with methylviologen (MV) was studied at mercury, polished silver and roughened silver electrodes using electrochemical and surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) techniques. A large photoelectrocatalytic effect for the reduction of CO2 in the presence of MV was observed at the roughened silver electrode, whereas there was only a very small photoelectrocatalytic current at a more negative potential on mercury and polished silver electrodes. The SERS spectra of MV in the presence and absence of CO2, along with the electrochemical results, demonstrate that the surface adsorbed complexes, MV+ -Ag and MV0-Ag, played a role as the mediator for photoinduced electron transfer to CO2 in the solution. The results also suggest that the surface plasmon resonance of the nanoscale silver particle contributes to the overall photoelectrocatalytic effect on a roughened silver electrode.

抗卟啉抗体与卟啉的协同作用

meso -四 (α ,α ,α ,α - 0 -苯乙酰苯 )卟啉诱导的单抗 (MAb)导致meso -四 (α,α ,α ,α - 0 -苯乙酰苯 )卟啉Soret带来巨大红移 ,并且在meso -四 (α ,α ,α ,α - 0 -苯乙酰苯 )卟啉上产生巨大的诱导Cotton效应 (ICD) .借用ICD定量分析meso -四 (α ,α ,α ,α - 0 -苯乙酰苯 )卟啉同抗体的结合 ,表明在抗体超过meso -四 (α ,α ,α ,α - 0 -苯乙酰苯 )卟啉的情况下 ,既有 1∶1结合 ,又有 2∶1结合〔结合位点 :meso -四 (α ,α ,α ,α - 0 -苯乙酰苯 )卟啉〕

Circular dichroism and resonance Raman comparative studies of wild type cytochrome c and F82H mutant

The UV-visible, circular dichroism (CD), and resonance Raman (RR) spectra of the wild type yeast iso-1-cytochrome c (WT) and its mutant F82H in which phenylalanine-82 (Phe-82) is substituted with His are measured and compared for oxidized and reduced forms. The CD spectra in the intrinsic and Soret spectral region, as well as RR spectra in high, middle, and low frequency regions, are discussed. From the analysis of the spectra, it is determined that in the oxidized F82H the two axial ligands to the heme iron are His-18 and His-82 whereas in the reduced form the sixth ligand switches from His-82 to Met-80 providing the coordination geometry similar to that of WT. Based on the spectroscopic data, the conclusion is that the porphyrin macrocycle is less distorted in the oxidized F82H compared to the oxidized WT. Similar distortions are present in the reduced form of the proteins. Frequency shifts of Raman bands, as well as the decrease of the or-helix content in the CD spectra, indicate more open conformation of the protein around the heme. (C) 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Photoinduced electrochemical reduction of nitrite at an electrochemically roughened silver surface

Photoelectrochemical reduction of nitrite and nitrate was studied on the surface of an electrochemically roughened silver electrode. The dependence of the photocurrent on photon energy, applied potential, and concentration of nitrite was determined. It was concluded that the photoelectrochemical reduction proceeds via a photoemission process followed by the capture of hydrated electrons by electron accepters. The excitation of plasmon resonances in nanosize metal structures produced during the roughening procedure resulted in the enhancement of the photoemission process. Ammonia was detected as one of the final products in this reaction. Mechanisms for the photoelectrochemical reduction of nitrite and nitrate are proposed.

PROMOTER EFFECT OF HALOGEN ANIONS ON THE DIRECT ELECTROCHEMICAL REACTION OF CYTOCHROME-C AT GOLD ELECTRODES

The promoter effect of halogen anions for heterogeneous electron transfer between cytochrome c and a gold electrode was studied. It was found that the order of the promoter ability of halogen anions is I- > Br- > Cl- > F-. In addition, factors which can affect the promoter effect were discussed.