Mineral and chemical composition and some trace element contents in coals and coal ashes from Huaibei coal field, China

IEECAS SKLLQG

聚乙二醇模拟干旱对甜高粱幼苗丙二醛、脯氨酸含量的影响；Effects of Drought Stress Simulated by PEG on Malonaldehyde and Proline Contents of Sweet Sorghum Seedlings

以甜高粱品种KFJT-CK及经过碳离子辐照选育出的早熟突变株KFJT-1为材料,用浓度分别为5%,10%和15%的聚乙二醇(PEG)6000模拟干旱对其进行胁迫处理,测定丙二醛(MDA)及脯氨酸(Pro)的含量。随着胁迫时间的延长和胁迫程度的增加,MDA含量持续升高;Pro含量在5%和10%PEG胁迫下持续升高,在15%PEG胁迫下先升高后降低。表明碳离子辐照可能使甜高粱膜脂过氧化特性发生改变,影响Pro的表达。为进一步研究碳离子束辐照对甜高粱的耐旱生理提供一定的基础,并为下一步的育种工作提供有用的参考。

A study of NiZnCu-ferrite/SiO2 nanocomposites with different ferrite contents synthesized by sol-gel method

Ni0.65Zn0.35Cu0.1Fe1.9O4/SiO2 nanocomposites with different weight percentages of NiZnCu-ferrite dispersed in silica matrix were successfully fabricated by the sol-gel method using tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) as a precursor of silica, and metal nitrates as precursors of NiZnCu ferrite. The thermal decomposition process of the dried gel was studied by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential thermal analysis (DTA). The obtained Ni0.65Zn0.35Cu0.1Fe1.9O4/SiO2 nanocomposites were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscope (TEM), scanning electron microscope (SEM), Mossbauer spectroscopy and vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM). The formation of stoichiometric NiZnCu-ferrite dispersed in silica matrix is confirmed when the weight percentage of ferrite is not more than 30%. Samples with higher ferrite content have small amount of alpha-Fe2O3. The transition from the paramagnetic to the ferromagnetic state is observed as the ferrite content increases from 20 to 90wt%.

Major, minor and trace-elemental contents analysis in northeast soybeans by ICP-AES

Major, minor and trace elemental contents in northeast China soybeans were determined by using inductively, coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). Three different sample digestion methods including two wet digestions, HNO3-HClO4 and HNO3-H2SO4 and a dry ash method were compared. Owing to the high oil content in soybeans, long time is needed and access acid should be added, with mixed acid digestion methods, which may result in higher sample blank. Therefore, the dry ask method would be more proper for the pre-treatment of soybean samples. Potassium and phosphorus are major elements in soybeans, so the effect of potassium and phosphorus on the other elements was investigated. Results showed that the potassium and phosphorus did not affect the determination. of other trace elements. There are not significant differences in trace elemental contents for the eleven northeast China soybeans.

MULTIVARIATE CLASSIFICATION BASED ON METAL CONTENTS IN HUMAN SENILE CATARACT LENSES

Multivariate classification methods were used to evaluate data on the concentrations of eight metals in human senile lenses measured by atomic absorption spectrometry. Principal components analysis and hierarchical clustering separated senile cataract lenses, nuclei from cataract lenses, and normal lenses into three classes on the basis of the eight elements. Stepwise discriminant analysis was applied to give discriminant functions with five selected variables. Results provided by the linear learning machine method were also satisfactory; the k-nearest neighbour method was less useful.

Changes in RNA, DNA, protein contents and growth of turbot Scophthalmus maximus larvae and juveniles

The growth potential of turbot Scophthalmus maximus larvae and juveniles was studied using nucleic acid-based indices and protein variables. The experiment was carried out from 4 to 60 days post hatching (dph). A significant increase in instantaneous growth rate during metamorphosis and retarded growth rate during post-metamorphic phase were observed. Ontogenetic patterns of DNA, RNA and protein all showed developmental stage-specific traits. The RNA:DNA ratio decreased up to 12 dph, then increased rapidly till 19 dph and fluctuated until 35 dph followed by a decline to the end. The RNA:DNA ratio was positively correlated with growth rate of juveniles during the post-metamorphic phase, whereas this ratio was not a sensitive indicator of growth during the pre-metamorphic phase and metamorphosis. The protein:DNA ratio showed a similar tendency to the RNA:DNA ratio. Changes of DNA content and protein:DNA ratio revealed that growth of S. maximus performed mainly by hyperplasia from 4 to 12 dph and hypertrophy until 21 dph during the pre-metamorphic larval phase. Growth was dominantly hypertrophical from the early- to mid-metamorphosing phase and hyperplastic thereafter. The results show that the DNA content and protein:DNA ratio can evaluate growth rates of larval and juvenile S. maximus on a cellular level.

Comparative Study of Contents of Four Tropane Alkaloids in Cultural and Wild Anisodus tanguticus

To assess the medicinal value of cultural Anisodus tanguticus,the contents of four bioactive tropane alkaloids,anisodine,anisodamine,scopolamine and atropine,in cultural and wild materials were determined by the HPLC method.The results showed that content of each alkaloid in the aboveground parts of cultural and wild samples was lower than that in roots,and this explained why it was not the whole plant but the root that was used as medicinal materials.The content of each alkaloid in the roots of one-year cultural material was lower than that in the two-year plants.The discrepancy of the total of four alkaloids between one-year and wild plants is not significant.Moreover,the total of four alkaloids,and the contents of anisodine,scopolamine,and atropine in two-year plants were higher than those in wild plant.Thus there is medicinal value in the cultivated A.tanguticus as well as wild A.tanguticus,especially in the two-year cultural A.tanguticus.

A Simulative Study on Effects of Climate Warming on Nutrient Contents and In Vitro Digestibility of Herbage Grown in Qinghai-Xizang Plateau

The increasing trend of air temperature along with the climate warming has been accepted gradual-ly by scientists and by the general public. Qinghai-Xizang Plateau, a unique geographic unit due to high-altitude climate, is one of the most susceptible regions to climate warming. Its ecosystem is very fragile and sensi-tive to climate change. In order to get a better understanding of the impacts of climate warming on the nutrient contents of herbage grown in Qinghai-Xizang Plateau, a simulative study was implemented at Daban Moutain by using temperature differences resulted from sites selected at different altitudes and nutrient contents and in vitro digestibility were determined for assessing the quality of the grown herbage. There were significant downtrends in crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE) and nitrogen free extract (NFE) contents of herbage along with the increase of temperature. It had a positive correlation between temperature and content of acid detergent fibre (ADF), acid detergent lignin (ADL) in herbage. In vitro digestibility of herbage decreased along with the in-crease of temperature. The results of this study indicated that climate warming significantly influence nutrient contents and in vitro digestibility of herbage grown in Qinghai-Xizang Plateau. It is suggested that the future climate warming especially the gradual rise of the night temperature could cause negative effect on herbage quality grown in Qinghai-Xizang Plateau by decreasing CP, EE, and NFE contents and increasing some indi-gestible ingredients such as crude fibre (CF), neutral detergent fibre (NDF), ADF, and ADL. This, conse-quently, decreases the ruminant assimilation ability.

Effects of hypoxia on contents of essential elements in pika and rat heart

The effects of hypoxia on the levels of essential macroelements and trace elements (K, Na, Ca, Mg, Cu, Zn, Fe, and Mn) in the heart muscles of Wistar rats and plateau pikas (Ochotona curzoniae) were studied by atomic absorption spectrometry. Unlike the rat, the plateau pika is tolerant to hypoxia. The levels of K, Na, and the trace element Mn were not significantly changed in rat or pika hearts after exposure to hypoxia for 1, 10, or 25 d at simulated altitudes of 5000 and 7000 m. Other minerals (Ca, Mg, Cu, Zn, and Fe) were significantly affected by hypoxia and the levels followed different time-courses under different hypoxic regimes in these two animals. There were marked differences between the rat and pika in myocardial accumulation of essential elements such as Ca, which was increased to high levels in the rat but not affected in the pika. The results suggest that hypoxia affects animal physiological mechanisms by regulating the levels of essential elements.