Effect of pretreatment of black carbon on electrocatalytic activity of Pt/C catalyst for methanol oxidation

Direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) has attracted wide attention due to its many advantages. However, its practical application is limited by the low electrocatalytic activity of the anodic Pt/C catalyst usually used for the methanol oxidation. In this paper, in order to increase the electrocatalytic performance of the Pt/C catalyst for the methanol oxidation, the black carbon, usually used as the supporter, was pretreated with CO2, air, HNO3 or H2O2. The cyclic voltarnmetric results indicated that the current densities of the anodic peak of methanol oxidation at the Pt/C catalysts with the black carbon pretreated with CO2,air, HN03, H202 and untreated black carbon were 39, 33, 32, 20 and 18 mA center dot cm(-2), respectively, illustrating that among the above five kinds of the Pt/C catalysts, the Pt/C catalyst with the black carbon pretreated with CO2 shows the best electrocatalytic activity and stability for the methanol oxidation. Its main reason is that the CO2 pretreatment could reduce the content of the oxygen-containing groups on the surface of the black carbon and increase the content of graphite in the black carbon, leading to the low resistance of the black carbon and the increase in the dispersion extent of the Pt particles in the Pt/C catalyst.

碳黑预处理对Pt/C催化剂对甲醇氧化电催化活性的影响

直接甲醇燃料电池(DMFC)由于具有较多的优点而受到广泛的关注.但是碳载Pt(Pt/C)阳极催化剂电催化活性低是限制其应用的一个主要问题.为了提高Pt/C催化剂对甲醇氧化的电催化性能,分别用CO2,空气,H2O2或HNO3对常用作为载体的VulcanXC-72碳黑进行预处理.结果表明,在用CO2,空气,HNO3,H2O2处理的及未处理的碳黑作载体制得的Pt/C催化剂电极上,甲醇氧化峰的峰电流密度顺序为39,33,32,20和18mA?cm-2,表明用CO2处理的碳载体制备的Pt/C催化剂对甲醇氧化有最好的电催化活性和稳定性.其主要原因是用CO2处理能减少碳黑表面的含氧基团和增加石墨化程度,而使碳黑的电阻降低及Pt粒子在碳黑上的分散性变好.

中性载体ETH1117推动H~+通过水/硝基苯界面传递的电化学研究

用循环伏安法研究中性载体ETH1117推动H~+通过水/硝基苯界面的转移。通过络合使H~+穿过水/硝基苯界面转移,是受扩散控制的可逆过程,ETH1117与H~+在硝基苯相的配合比为1:1,配合物的稳定常数β_0为2.9×10~7,扩散系数D为4.2×10~(-6)cm~2/s。

时序推理的现状

本文概述了时序推理的代表理论以及它们对本学科的未来研究，尤其是对ＡＩ的影响。

红原泥炭苔草的碳同位素组成与全新世季风变化

从红原泥炭中挑选出的单一植物残体——苔草纤维素的δ^13C时间序列是印度洋夏季风强度变化的敏感代用指标，它不仅请楚地指示了过去12000年印度洋夏季风数千年尺度上的变化历史，而义记录下了9次明显的季风突然减弱事件，它们可以与同时期北大西洋发生的冰川漂移碎屑沉积物事件一一对比。红原泥炭混合纤维素δ^13C时间序列也同样请楚地记录了过去12000年印度洋夏季风数千年尺度上的变化历史，对全球大范围的主要气候突然变化事件也有很好的响应。因此，泥炭混合纤维素δ^13C时间序列乃是一种很有实用价值的古气候代用记录。