22 resultados para ALTERNARIA SOLANI
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由于采样条件和培养条件的限制,深海微生物研究的较少,因此目前海洋微生物资源的研究主要集中在近海和浅海。而深海独特的生态环境,使微生物形成了独特的代谢体系,成为新颖化合物的重要来源,具有很好的开发应用前景。本文首次较为系统的研究了深度为1758-3600m南海海底沉积物中深海微生物资源的分离和活性菌株的筛选情况,旨在为探索我国南海深海微生物资源提供一定的科学依据。 采用多种分离培养基从6个不同深度(1758、2620、3200、3500、3587和3600m)的南海深海沉积物样品中,分离到225株深海微生物,包括40株放线菌和185株细菌。以分离得到的225株深海微生物为研究对象,从产蛋白酶、抗真菌、杀虫三个方面进行活性菌株的筛选,研究南海深海沉积物中的微生物资源状况: (1).将分离到的225株深海微生物,同时在10℃、28℃、45℃三个温度下进行产低温蛋白酶、中温蛋白酶、高温蛋白酶的筛选。初筛结果表明:这225株深海微生物大都有大小不同的产蛋白酶能力。10℃有产蛋白酶的有109株,28 ℃产蛋白酶的有160株,45℃产蛋白酶的有117株。筛选到一株在45℃下有较强产蛋白酶能力的菌株B1394,其酶活可达873U/ml,有一定的应用前景。通过形态观察、生理生化测定、16SrDNA序列测定,将B1394定名为枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)。其粗酶液性质研究发现:最适酶活温度60℃,最适pH 8.0, 40℃、50℃和60℃热稳定性较好, Mn2+ 、Mg2+ 、Ca2+对该蛋白酶有激活作用,Hg2+ 、Fe3+ 、Cu2+ 、Zn2+ 、 Fe2+对其有抑制作用,苯甲基磺酰氟(PMSF)几乎完全抑制其活性,推断为丝氨酸蛋白酶。 (2).对其中100株深海细菌和40株深海放线菌,以立枯丝核菌( Rhizoctonia solani)和白色念珠菌(Candida albicans)为靶菌进行了抗真菌活性的筛选。初筛结果表明:分别有37株和35株深海细菌对立枯丝核菌和白色念珠菌有抑菌活性,分别占被检测细菌数目的37%和35%;有18株深海放线菌对立枯丝核菌有抑制作用,占被检测放线菌总数的45%。筛选到一株有较强抗真菌活性的深海放线菌SHA6,其发酵液对包括尖孢镰刀菌(Fusarium oxysporum)在内的10种植物病原菌有明显的抑制作用。对其发酵液的理化性质进行初步研究发现SHA6发酵液具有良好的热稳定性和酸碱稳定性, 对SHA6进行分子生物学鉴定后将其初步定名为为橙色单胞菌(Aurantimonas altamirensis)。 (3).以卤虫为初步筛选模型,对其中的20株深海放线菌进行了杀虫方面的筛选,结果发现有5个深海放线菌菌株表现有较强的杀虫活性。其中深海放线菌SHA4发酵液的乙酸乙脂提取物杀卤虫的活性最强,在浓度为100μg/ml时杀卤虫活性为83%,而在浓度400ppm时,48h可以杀死38%的甜菜夜娥。对SHA4进行分子生物学鉴定后将其初步定为拟诺卡氏菌属(Nocardiopsis sp)。 总之,本论文阐明了我国南海深海沉积物中微生物资源状况的初步研究结果,为进一步开发利用我国南海深海微生物资源奠定了基础。
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本文主要研究了泸州老窖古酿酒作坊内外环境空气真菌和空气细菌的群落结构和分布特征。结果如下: 作坊内外环境空气微生物浓度差别显著,并随季节变换而变化,春、夏季微生物浓度较高,秋、冬季较低,空气真菌在夏季达到最高,细菌在春季最高。 古作坊内外环境检测到的真菌均为16 属,但优势菌属不同,作坊外的优势菌属为青霉属(Penicillium)、曲霉属(Aspergillus)、无孢菌(non-sporing)、枝孢霉属(Cladosporium)和链格孢属(Alternaria);而作坊内优势菌属为曲霉属、青霉属、酵母菌(Yeast)、无孢菌,作坊内还含有较高浓度的根霉属(Rhizopus)、毛霉属(Mucor)、短梗霉属(Aureobasidiu),枝孢霉属和链格孢属等,曲霉属、酵母菌、根霉属、毛霉属为古酿酒作坊重要的酿酒真菌,青霉属、链格孢属为酿酒不利菌群。对古作坊内曲霉属进行了初步鉴定,主要是小冠曲霉(A.cristatellus)、米曲霉(A.oryzae)、黑曲霉(A.niger)和白曲霉(A.cadidus)。 空气细菌10 属21 种,作坊内外环境的优势菌属均为芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)、微球菌属(Micrococcus)、葡萄球菌属(Staphylococcus)、假单胞菌属(Pseudomonad),其中芽孢杆菌属在作坊内占有绝对的优势,浓度比在40℅以上,是古酿酒作坊重要的酿酒细菌,另外还检测到较高浓度的乳酸杆菌(lactobucillus),这类菌容易使酒味发涩发苦,为酿酒不利菌。 作坊内外环境空气微生物表现出明显的交流现象。作坊内,青霉属、枝孢霉属、链格孢属、葡萄球菌属等杂菌占有一定比例;而在作坊外,芽孢杆菌属、曲霉属、根霉属(Rhizopus)、酵母菌等处于相对较高水平,绿化环境较好的营沟头作坊内的短梗霉属,枝孢霉属和链格孢属等杂菌含量低于什字头和新街子作坊。 The community structure and distribution characteristic of airborne microbes was investigated in ancient brewage workshops of luzhoulaojiao. The results are as follows: The concentration of airborne microbes was different in interior and exterior environment of ancient workshops, and also varied by seasons. microbial concentration was higher in spring and summer, and lower in fall and winner. The highest levels of airborne bacteria was in spring, but the fungal’s in summer. The identified genus of fungi were 16 in interior and exterior environment of the ancient workshops. But the dominant genus were different , The advantage genus in the interior were Aspergillus, Yeasts, Penicillum and Nonsporing and in the exterior were Penicillum, Nonsporing, Cladosporium, Aspergillus and Aureobasidiu. Rhizopus ,mucor, Aureobasidiu, Cladosporium, Alternaria and all also were at a higher level. Among these, Aspergillus, Yeasts, Rhizopus ,mucor are important vintage flora . Penicillum, Alternaria do harm to vintage. Aspergillus of ancient workshops was identified , the preponderant aspergillus species were A.cristatellus, A.oryzae, A.niger and A.cadidus in ancient brewage workshops. 10 genus 21 species bacteria were identified, the advantage genuses among the interior and exterior of the three workshops were bacillus, microccus, Staphylococcus Pseudomonas. Bacillus, which account for beyond 40℅ of the total bacteria concentration in all sampling pots, was the most dominant genus. Lactobacillus was identified at a high level in ancient workshops, it makes spirit taste bitter and astringent. So it is not a kind of good bacterium for vintage. The fungus in the interior and exterior atmosphere characterized intercommunion phenomenon. Obviously, the concentration of profitless fungus such as Penicillum, Cladosporium, Alternaria appeared in the interior, and the fungus such as Bacillus, Aspergillus, Rhizopus and Yeasts in the exterior were at a relatively high level. the harmfull fungus in yinggoutou workshops such as Aureobasidiu, Cladosporium, Alternaria and all were lower than shenzitou and xinjiezi workshops.
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采用微生物菌落计数方法和Pearson相关性分析,以辽河油田锦采污水处理厂稠油废水为对象,研究了不同季节稠油废水中优势微生物的种群组成及其变化规律。结果表明,在稠油废水处理过程中微生物种群组成及其作用均以细菌为主,真菌次之,放线菌最小;细菌菌落形态多样性指数(H′)与均匀度指数(E)均能较准确地反映废水中的细菌多样性,但不能反映水质状况,不宜作为该水质评价的生物指标;细菌数量与总石油烃(TPH)和COD均呈强正相关,统计学上关系显著,适宜作为废水水质评价的生物指标;经鉴定,废水中的优势菌株为液化金杆菌(Aureobateriumliquefaciens)和弗氏丙酸杆菌(Propionibacterium freudenreichii),主要真菌为青霉属(Penicillium)、曲霉属(Aspergillus)、木霉属(Trichoderma)和交链孢霉属(Alternaria)。
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海洋枯草芽孢杆菌Bacillus subtilis菌株3512A分离自中国南海柳珊瑚。抗菌谱研究表明,该菌对多种动植物病原菌都有很强的抑制作用。稳定性试验表明该菌株产生的抗真菌活性物质对高温、酸和弱碱具有一定耐受性。利用玉米纹枯病菌Rhizoctonia solani作为靶标菌,结合酸沉淀、快速柱色谱、HPLC等现代色谱手段,对菌发酵液中的抗真菌活性物质进行分离纯化,获得两个活性强的单一化合物,化合物1和3。排油圈试验、甲苯乳化试验、TLC原位酸水解,以及一维核磁共振氢谱1H-NMR等多种研究结果表明,化合物1和化合物3均为脂肽类化合物衍生物。
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通过对江苏省云台山地区7种不同野生中草药植物烟台百里香(T.quinquecostatusCelak.)、掌叶半夏(P.pedatisectaSchott.)、何首乌(P.multiflorumThunb.)、海洲香薷(E.splendensNakai ex F.)、野葛[P.lobata(Willd)Ohwi]、紫金牛(A.japonicaBl.)和菝葜(S.sieboldiiMiq.)根区土壤真菌进行分离鉴定,共分离出真菌16属126种。多样性分析结果表明,7种野生中草药植物根区土壤真菌种群多样性丰富,其中青霉属(Penicillium)、曲霉属(Asper-gillus)和木霉属(Trichoderma)是中草药植物根区土壤中的优势种群,镰孢菌属(Fusarium)、交链孢属(Alternaria)、腐霉属(Pythium)、毛霉属(Mucor)真菌分布丰度也较高。结果也表明根区土壤真菌群落在一定程度上受到中草药植物的影响,大部分野生中草药植物根区土壤的真菌群落的均匀度指数低于裸地非根区土壤,而丰富度指数却高于裸地非根区土壤。不同野生中草药植物根区土壤真菌区系的结构和组成存在一定的差异性,紫金牛根区土壤中真菌种类最多,达到14属,而野葛根区土壤中真菌种类最少,只有8属。
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目的:探索牛蒡根际镰刀菌与牛蒡之间的相互关系。方法:从全国30个地区采集牛蒡根际土壤样品,进行了根际土壤真菌数量和群落的生态学研究,测定镰刀菌发酵液对牛蒡幼苗和牛蒡子萌发的影响,并对其中毒性最强的两株镰刀菌F130和F131进行了形态学和分子生物学的鉴定。结果:镰刀菌为牛蒡根际的最优势类群,贡献率为34.297%,其次为木霉,贡献率为22.519%;绝大多数镰刀菌对牛蒡有明显的毒性作用,其中F130和F131被鉴定为Fusarium solani。结论:Fusarium solani是牛蒡根际土壤中的致害菌。
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Sulfanilamide derivatives of chitosan (2-(4-acetamido-2-sulfanimide)-chitosan (HSACS, LSACS), 2-(4-acetamido-2-sulfanimide)-6-sulfo-chitosan (HSACSS, LSACSS) and 2-(4-acetamido-2-sulfanimide)-6-carboxymethyl-chitosan (HSACMCS, LSACMCS)) were prepared using different molecular weights of chitosan (CS), carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS) and chitosan sulfates (CSS) reacted with 4-acetamidobenzene sulfonyl chloride in dimethylsulfoxide solution. The structures of the derivatives were characterized by FT-IR spectroscopy and elemental analysis, which showed that the substitution degree of sulfanilamide group of HSACS, HSACSS, HSACMCS, LSACS, LSACSS and LSACMCS were 0.623, 0.492, 0.515, 0.576, 0.463 and 0.477, respectively. The solubility of the derivatives (pH < 7.5) was higher than that of chitosan (pH < 6.5). The antifungal activities of the derivatives against Aiternaria solani and Phomopsis asparagi were evaluated based on the method of Jasso et al. in the experiment. The results indicated that all the prepared sulfanilamide derivatives had a significant inhibiting effect on the investigated fungi in the polymer concentration range from 50 to 500 mu g mL(-1). The antifungal activities of the derivatives increased with increasing the molecular weight, concentration or the substitution degree. The sulfanilamide derivatives of CS, CMCS and CSS show stronger antifungal activities than CS, CMCS and CSS. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.