28 resultados para 860[729.1].07[Sarduy]
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Nickel catalyst supported on carbon was made by reduction of nickelous nitrate with hydrogen at high temperature. Ni/ C catalyst characterization was carried out by XRD. It was found that the crystal phase of NiS and NiS2 appeared in the impregnated catalyst. Ni/ C and Pt/ C catalysts gave high performance as the positive and negative electrodes of a sodium polysulfide/ bromine energy storage cell, respectively. The overpotentials of the positive and negative electrodes were investigated. The effect of the electrocatalyst loading and operating temperature on the charge and discharge performance of the cell was investigated. A power density of up to 0.64 W cm(-2) ( V = 1.07 V) was obtained in this energy storage cell. A cell potential efficiency of up to 88.2% was obtained when both charge and discharge current densities were 0.1 A cm(-2).
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Capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) was applied to study the interaction between netropsin and a 14mer double stranded DNA (dsDNA). The binding constant of this interaction calculated from Scatchard plot was (1.07+/-0.10) X 10(5) (mol/L)(-1). The binding stoichiometry was 1:1. The use of polyacrylamide coated capillary showed better effect in the analysis of DNA than noncoated capillary.
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气候变化问题越来越受到公众的关注,我国许多学者对中国近代气候变化规律等方面做了诸多研究。河南作为粮食大省和水资源缺乏的省份之一,影响粮食生产的降水量的具体变化研究尤显重要。通过分析河南省49个台站近50年来的日降水资料,对河南省春季降水量的变化进行统计分析。结果表明,河南省春季及其代表月4月份的平均降水日数均具有显著的下降趋势,且可以通过0.001的显著性检验;气候倾向率分别为-1.74和-1.07 d/10 a。利用滑动t检验法发现春季及其代表月4月份的降水日数均发生了均值突变,突变年份分别在1973和1977年。
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Capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) and affinity capillary electrophoresis (ACE) were applied to study the interaction between netropsin and a 14mer double-stranded DNA (dsDNA). The use of a polyacrylamide coated capillary can suppress the electroosmotic flow (EOF) and the adsorption of DNA onto the wall. Better analysis of the DNA was achieved in a coated capillary upon Tris-acetate. In CZE, the peak width broadened due to the affinity interaction between dsDNA and netropsin. In ACE, o-toluic acid, a negatively charged molecule was used as the indicator to monitor the changes of EOF when netropsin was added to the running buffer. The 14mer dsDNA showed different mobilities upon various concentrations of netropsin due to the affinity interaction between the dsDNA and netropsin. The binding constants of this interaction were (1.07 +/- 0.10) . 10(5) M-1 calculated from CZE and (4.75 +/- 0.30) . 10(4) M-1 from ACE using a Scatchard plot. The binding stoichiometry was 1:1 calculated from CZE which was superior to ACE in this study. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
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Novel water resistant sulfonated poly[bis(benzimidazobenzisoquinolinones)] (SPBIBIs) were synthesized from 6,6'-disulfonic-4,4'-binaphthy]-1,1',8,8'-tetracarboxylic dianhydride (SBTDA) and various aromatic ether tetraamines. The resulting polymers with IEC in the range of 2.17-2.87 mequiv g(-1) have a combination of desired properties such as high solubility in common organic solvents, film-forming ability, and excellent thermal and mechanical properties. Flexible and tough membranes, obtained by casting from m-cresol solution, had tensile strength, elongation at break, and tensile modulus values in the range of 87.6-98.4 MPa, 35.8-52.8%, and 0.94-1.07 GPa. SPBIBI membranes with a high degree of sulfonation displayed high proton conductivity and a good resistance to water swelling as well. SPBIBI-b with IEC of 2.80 mequiv g(-1) displayed the conductivity of 1.74 x 10(-1) S cm(-1) at 100 degrees C, which was comparable to that of Nafion (R) 117 (1.78 x 10(-1) S cm(-1), at 100 degrees C).
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The anodic voltammetric behavior of inosine (I) was investigated by linar-sweep voltammetry, differential-pulse voltammetry and cyclic voltammetry at a glassy carbon electrode. In a medium of 0.1 mol/L N2HPO4, inosine showed a well defined anodic peak. The peak potential was about 1.42 V (vs. Ag/AgCl). A linear relationship held between the peak current and the concentration of inosine in the rang of 5 x 10(-4) similar to 8 x 10(-2) g/L. The peak potential decreased with the decrease of the acidity of the solution. The four anodic peaks of inosine with hypoxanthine, xanthine and uric acid were obtained. Their peak potentials were about at 1.42, 1.07, 0.72 and 0.26 Vt vs. Ag/AgCl). The method has been used for the direct determination of inosine in injections. Recoveries of inosine in urine samples were about 85%. Experimental result proved that the electrode reaction was diffusion-controlled and irreversible.
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本文用DSC研究了尼龙1010熔体以—320K/min速率骤冷样品在不同升温速率(R)时的冷结晶与熔融过程。发现冷结晶温度不随R变化,冷结晶时间t_c=153R~(-1.07),冷结晶热ΔH_c=-19.1R~(-0.75);R对熔融温度无影响,当R≤40K/min时,熔融热ΔH_m变化不大;由ΔH_m和ΔH_c求得的结晶度有一定差值,是由于熔融过程伴有结晶作用所致,可定性地用熔融峰的ΔT_1=T_(onset)—T_i表征。
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The geochemical and U-series isotopic characteristics of hydrothermal sulfide samples from the Jade site (127A degrees 04.5'E, 27A degrees 15'N, water depth 1300-1450 m) at Jade site in the Okinawa Trough were analyzed. In the hydrothermal sulfide samples bearing sulfate (samples HOK1 and HOK2), the LREEs are relatively enriched. All the hydrothermal sulfide samples except HOK1 belong to Zn-rich hydrothermal sulfide. In comparison with Zn-rich hydrothermal sulfides from other fields, the contents of Zn, Pb, Ag, Cd, Au and Hg are higher, the contents of Fe, Al, Cr, Co, Ni, Sr, Te, Cs, Ti and U lower, and the Pb-210 radioactivity ratios and Pb-210/Pb ratios very low. In the hydrothermal sulfide mainly composed of sphalerite, the correlations between rare elements Hf and U, and Hf and Mn as well as that between dispersive elements Ga and Zn, are strongly positive; also the contents of Au and Ag are related to Fe-sulfide, because the low temperature promotes enrichment of Au and Ag. Meanwhile, the positive correlations between Fe and Bi and between Zn and Cd are not affected by the change of mineral assemblage. Based on the Pb-210/Pb ratios of hydrothermal sulfide samples (3.99x10(-5)-5.42x10(-5)), their U isotopic composition (U-238 content 1.15-2.53 ppm, U-238 activity 1.07-1.87 dpm/g, U-234 activity 1.15-2.09 dpm/g and U-234/U-238 ratio 1.07-1.14) and their Th-232 and Th-230 contents are at base level, and the chronological age of hydrothermal sulfide at Jade site in the Okinawa Trough is between 200 and 2000 yr.
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海湾扇贝(Argopecten irradians)不连续分布于美国大西洋沿岸和墨西哥湾沿岸,自1982年以来北部亚种(A. i. irradians)和南部亚种(A. i. concentricus)被先后引进到中国,由于其生长速度快、繁殖周期短和适宜温度范围广的特点,迅速成为我国海水养殖的重要品种。近年来飞速发展的分子标记技术为优良品种的选育注入了新的活力,相对于传统的表型选择来说,标记辅助选择不易受环境的影响,尤其是对于低遗传力性状和后期表达的性状,能增强选择效率,提高选择的准确度,缩短育种周期。本文通过构建海湾扇贝微卫星富集文库获得大量的微卫星DNA序列,筛选多态的微卫星标记构建了海湾扇贝的遗传连锁图谱,并应用复合区间作图法对生长相关性状进行了QTL定位。 本研究利用富集文库-菌落原位杂交法筛选海湾扇贝微卫星DNA,吸附(AC)15和(AG)15探针的尼龙膜捕捉并富集含有微卫星序列的片段,菌落原位杂交结果显示阳性克隆率达到40%,测序比对后获得521个独立的阳性克隆,其中微卫星506个,小卫星15个。微卫星中,完美型248个,占49.0%,非完美型216个,占42.7%;复合型42个,占8.3%;AG/TC重复占大多数(356个,70.4%),AC/TG重复有150个(29.6%)。设计合成了382对引物,利用38个海湾扇贝个体对其中15个微卫星位点进行了遗传多样性评价,不同位点扩增得到的等位基因数从3到7个不等,期望杂合度和观测杂合度的范围分别为0.198~0.813和0.083~0.833,实验结果表明富集文库-菌落原位杂交法适合大规模筛选微卫星标记。 利用8个微卫星标记对海湾扇贝1个野生种群和3个养殖群体的遗传多样性与分化进行了比较和分析。8个位点共扩增得到35个等位基因,平均每个位点4.38个等位基因,平均有效等位基因数为2.30,平均观测杂合度和期望杂合度分别为0.41和0.46。相比于野生群体(美国),养殖群体(北卡罗来那、浙江和胶南)的等位基因数和杂合度都有所降低,在封闭环境下养殖19代的浙江群体等位基因数丢失最严重,共有9个等位基因丢失(25.7%)。经过多代人工养殖后,海湾扇贝养殖与野生群体之间和养殖群体之间出现了明显的遗传分化,胶南群体与野生群体的遗传距离最大,而胶南群体与浙江群体的遗传距离已经超过了胶南群体(北部亚种)和北卡罗来那(南部亚种)群体的遗传距离,这种分化将有利于海湾扇贝的杂交选育。 利用167个微卫星标记和1个壳色标记,以海湾扇贝2个全同胞F1代为作图群体,构建了海湾扇贝的性别遗传连锁图谱。整合的雌性连锁图谱含有118个标记,覆盖了16个连锁群,每个连锁群含有的标记数目从4到16个不等,平均每个连锁群上有7.4个标记,图谱总长度为761.0 cM,标记间的平均间隔为8.55 cM,图谱的覆盖率为73.5%;整合雄性连锁图谱含有126个标记,覆盖了17个连锁群,每个连锁群含有的标记数目从2到11个不等,平均每个连锁群上有7.4个标记,图谱总长度为729.1 cM,标记间的平均间隔为6.75 cM,图谱的覆盖率为74.7%。雌性亲本的重组率高于雄性,雌雄亲本共享标记间的重组率比值为1.18:1。偏分离标记在性别间呈现不对称分布,雄性亲本的偏分离高于雌性亲本,可能与雄性亲本来源于亚种间杂交的遗传背景相关。 利用海湾扇贝微卫星遗传连锁图谱在两个作图家系中对5个生长性状的QTL进行了定位,5个生长性状的表型相关均达到极显著水平(P < 0.01),Pearson相关系数均超过0.781,总重、壳长、壳宽、壳高和壳重的QTL(LOD > 2.0)的数目分别为8、6、6、7和6个。这些QTL成簇分布于CC5家系的LG1、LG3、LG4、LG8和CC10家系的LG1、LG3、LG6、LG8、LG9连锁群,单个QTL可解释的表型方差为5.5%到29.2%,QTL成簇分布现象说明这些生长相关的性状可能具有共同的遗传基础,家系特异性QTL暗示在不同的遗传背景和环境下存在不同的主效QTL。本研究定位的QTL,尤其在两个家系中共享的QTL为下一步分子标记辅助选择提供了参考区间。
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Annual variations of egg production rate (EPR) and clutch size of Calanus sinicus, as well as body size of females (prosome length and dry weight), were investigated at a series of stations in the Southern Yellow Sea by onboard incubation. Calanus sinicus was spawning in all the 11 cruises investigated, and the annual variation of EPR was bimodal. Monthly average EPR was highest from May to July, respectively, 5.97, 5.36 and 6.30 eggs female(-1) d(-1), then decreased dramatically to only 1.37 eggs female(-1) d(-1) in August and attained the lowest 1.07 eggs female(-1) d(-1) in October. In November, average EPR increased again to 4.31 eggs female(-1) d(-1). Seasonal variation of clutch size was similar to EPR, except that it decreased gradually after August rather than dramatically as did EPR. Prosome length of females was maximum in May and minimum in October, but dry weight was highest in November. Monthly average EPR correlated better with prosome length than dry weight, while clutch size was rather determined by dry weight of females. It is suggested that egg production of C. sinicus was active during two discontinuous periods when both surface and bottom temperature fell into its favorite range (i.e. 10-23degreesC), and different reproductive strategies were adopted in these two reproductive peaks: other than the highest EPR, longer prosome length was also achieved by C. sinicus from May to July, while females in November developed shorter bodies but accumulated more energy for reproduction.
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[目的]探讨短穗兔耳草个体对模拟增温的响应。[方法]采用国际冻原计划(ITEX)模拟增温对植物影响的研究方法,将温棚从小到大的顺序依次设为A、B、C、D、E5个温度梯度,分析不同温度梯度下短穗兔耳草个体生长特征的变化,研究模拟增温对短穗兔耳草生长特征的影响。[结果]随着温棚直径的减小,温度(地表温度和土壤温长)逐渐升高。与对照相比,A、B、C、D、E5个处理分别提高了2.68、1.57、1.20、1.07和0.69℃(地表气温),1.74、1.06、0.80、0.60和0.30℃(土壤温度)。短穗兔耳草从对照至A温室随着温度的升高,叶片数、叶片高度逐渐增加,而匍匐茎逐渐减少。[结论]叶片数变化与温度(地表温度和地温)呈正相关关系,增温促进了短穗兔耳草的营养生长,抑制了它的克隆繁殖能力。
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两年的牦牛放牧试验结果表明:随放牧率的增加, 夏季草场各土壤层有机质、有机碳、全氮和全磷的含量呈下降趋势,它们的含量与放牧率呈显著的线性回归关系, 速效氮的含量与放牧率呈二次回归关系, 各土壤营养因子平均含量与放牧率也有类似的关系.而且当放牧率分别达到1.07 heads/hm2、1.08 heads/hm2和1.22 heads/hm2时, 0~5 cm、 5~10 cm、 10~20 cm土壤速效氮含量依此达到最小,若放牧率继续增加,各土壤层速效氮的含量依此开始增加, 而速效氮的平均含量达到最小的放牧率是1.08 heads/hm2.在相同放牧率下, 有机质和有机碳的含量在各土壤层之间差异极显著(P<0.01),全磷差异显著(P<0.05),全氮和速效氮差异不显著(P>0.05),而且放牧率和土壤深度的交互作用对土壤各营养因子含量的影响极显著(P<0.01).放牧率对各土壤层的含水量有显著的影响(P<0.05),不同年度间同一土壤层含水量的差异不显著(P>0.05).
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本研究以西南喀斯特地区的王家寨小流域为研究对象,以植物叶片δ13C值为植物水分利用效率的指示值,结合利用氢氧同位素对植物的水分来源进行确认,通过研究小流域中不同土壤类型石漠化样地、不同季节、不同等级石漠化样地及喀斯特不同小生境中常见植物种水分利用效率及水分来源的差异,旨在从小生境、植物种、植物群落等不同尺度上探讨石漠化发生过程对植物长期水分利用的影响,了解不同水源的利用对植物水分利用效率的影响,了解喀斯特生态系统特有生境中植物对水分的竞争和利用策略,以加深对生态系统水分平衡的认识。通过研究,得出了以下几点认识:
1 喀斯特石漠化区植物叶片δ13C值的时空变化
(1)在本研究区,不同土壤类型区域植物群落δ13C值均随着石漠化的进行趋正,方差分析结果显示黄壤序列植物群落叶片δ13C值存在显著差异(F(3,80)0.01=2.72