48 resultados para 842


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 随着对网络拥塞控制的深入研究,出现了许多有关网络流量的控制理论及网络模型.Misra等人于2000年基于流体流(fluidflow)理论提出的模型被研究人员广为采用.但模型在推导过程中的一些近似却使得模型对网络行为描述不精确.本文对此从理论和实验结果两方面进行了详细分析,并对原模型进行了改进.基于改进的模型,把一种PID(ProportionalIntegralDifferential)及类PID设计方法用于AQM(ActiveQueueManagement)控制器的设计.对比仿真结果表明,该算法具有更好的性能.

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Using a home-made seed at 1053 nm from a Yb3+-doped passively mode-locked fiber laser of 1.5 nJ/pulse, 362 ps pulse duration with a repetition rate of 3.842 MHz, a compact, low cost, stable and excellent beam quality non-collinear chirped pulse optical parametric amplifier omitting the bulky pulse stretcher has been demonstrated. A gain higher than 4.0 x 10(6), single pulse energy exceeding 6 mJ with fluctuations less than 2% rms, 14 nm amplified signal spectrum and recompressed pulse duration of 525 fs are achieved. This provides a novel and simple amplification scheme. (c) 2007 Optical Society of America.

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辽东山区森林是辽宁省重要的水源涵养基地与用材林资源,在维系区域内生态环境和林产品的可持续供应方面占据十分重要的战略位置。该区的天然林已基本绝迹,因此该区的森林生态恢复具有重要意义。 已有研究表明,影响辽东山区森林更新演替最主要的环境因素是光环境。核桃楸(Juglans mandshurica)、水曲柳(Fraxinus mandshurica)、黄菠萝(Phellodendron amurense)和红松(Pinus koraiensis)是阔叶红松林的优势树种;这些树种幼苗对光环境的适应性差异,在群落演替和森林生态恢复中发挥重要作用。 本论文采用人为控制遮光试验测定了核桃楸、水曲柳和黄菠萝幼苗对光环境的响应,同时,采用自然光环境试验和人为控制遮光试验相结合的手段测定了红松幼苗对光环境的适应性。人为控制遮光试验设置的光环境类似于自然中的典型林窗、林缘和林下的光环境;在人为控制遮光试验中,研究材料于2007年4月末栽植于4个不同光环境(全光、全光的60%、30%和15%,分别记为FI、II、LI和WI处理)下,在2007年7~9月测定了树种幼苗的光合生理、叶片特征、生长和冠层形态特征等方面的变化,结果表明: 1)不同光环境处理区内的光合有效辐射(PAR)具有显著差异,形成一定的光强梯度,而气温,相对湿度和土壤含水量差异并不显著。全光处理区内的日平均PAR为842.4μmol∙m-2∙s-1,最大PAR为1884.1μmol∙m-2∙s-1,显著高于其它处理区。 2)生长在高光强下4个树种幼苗的叶片有较高的光合能力(Amax),随生长光强的下降,Amax显著下降;光补偿点(LCP)和光饱和点(LSP)也表现出随着生长光强的下降而降低的趋势。核桃楸和水曲柳净光合速率Pn的日变化最大值约为16μmol∙m-2∙s-1,黄菠萝的约为13μmol∙m-2∙s-1,这与温带阔叶树种叶片的最大净光合速率Pn在10~15μmol∙m-2∙s-1范围内的结论相符;3个苗龄红松针叶的Pn日变化均呈单峰型,没有光合“午休”现象,峰值出现在11:00~13:00期间。 3)4个树种幼苗的比叶重(LMA)和单位叶面积鲜重(LFA)均随着光环境的降低而下降;三个阔叶树种幼苗的叶长L、叶宽W、叶周长C和单叶面积A均具有随着光强的降低而呈增大的趋势,表明叶片通过调节叶片的形态来适应多变的光环境。 4)不同光环境对阔叶树种幼苗的植株冠形和生长有显著影响,而红松幼苗植株冠形和生长的变化无明显的规律性。 综上,本研究得出以下结论:○1.通过可塑性分析和模糊隶属函数分析,核桃楸和黄菠萝较水曲柳能适应更宽的光强幅度;同时,核桃楸和黄菠萝较水曲柳的需光性更强,核桃楸和黄菠萝的需光性差异不大。○2.与3年、5年生红松相比,7年生红松对光强的适应幅度最小;同时,7年生红松的需光性强于3年和5年生红松。○3.本研究结果支持前人的观点:红松在幼年阶段能耐一定程度的遮光,在全光的20%~60%光条件下生长较好,随着年龄的增大,红松的需光性增加。

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本文以中国科学院成都生物研究所培育的同源四倍体水稻和二倍体水稻为材料,进行遗传差异及产量、品质性状的研究:1、以二倍体水稻为对照,研究了同源四倍体水稻在2004 年和2005 年的结实情况。结果同源四倍体的花粉育性、结实率均不同程度下降,尤其低代材料更是大幅度下降。F 检验表明,同源四倍体不同个体间的各产量性状均差异显著,说明其具有很大的遗传改良潜力。从1996 年到2005 年对部分同源四倍体水稻进行了连续选择改良,T 检验表明经过9 年的选择改良,其结实率显著提高。本文还对同源四倍体水稻各产量性状间的相关性进行了分析,结果结实率与花粉育性、穗着粒数、穗实粒数极显著相关;理论产量与花粉育性、有效穗数、穗着粒数、穗实粒数、结实率及千粒重极显著相关。i2、用(CT)n 微卫星标记和PCR-Acc Ι分子标记对40 份同源四倍体和14 份二倍体水稻Wx 基因进行研究。结果,(CT)n 微卫星标记检测,Wx 基因呈Wx1、Wx2 和Wx3 3 种多态性;PCR-Acc Ι 检测,Wx 基因表现为G-型和T-型。测定稻米直链淀粉含量(AC)、胶稠度(GC)和糊化温度(GT),并探讨其与Wx 基因的关系,结果,二倍体和同源四倍体水稻均存在:Wx 基因型相同,AC 差异较小,Wx 基因型不同时,AC 差异较大,Wx1 基因型品种AC 最高, Wx2 基因型品种AC 次之,Wx3 基因型品种AC 最低;基因型相同时,同源四倍体AC 低于二倍体;同源四倍体与对应二倍体间,Wx 基因型相同时,AC 差异很小;而Wx 基因型发生变异时,AC 差异很大。同时,进行相关性分析,结果二倍体和四倍体水稻均存在AC、GC 与Wx 基因密切相关;而GT 与Wx 基因相关不显著。综合分析,(CT)n微卫星标记与PCR-Acc Ι 分子标记检测的相关系数为0.842,呈极显著正相关,可以将其结合起来进行同源四倍体新品种的选育和改良。3、利用RAPD 技术,对同源四倍体和二倍体水稻的遗传差异进行分析。17条引物在同源四倍体中扩增出178 条带(PPB=81.5%),在二倍体中扩增出173条带(PPB=76.3%);同源四倍体和二倍体的Shannon 遗传多样性指数分别为0.4848 和0.4679,多态信息量分别为0.3301 和0.3216,遗传距离分别为0.3572和0.3460;同源四倍体与其对应二倍体间遗传距离为0.1914-0.4633,平均为0.2914。表明同源四倍体的遗传多样性高于二倍体,且同源四倍体与其二倍体之间存在较大的遗传差异,这些将为水稻品种改良和新品种选育提供科学依据。上述产量、品质性状及遗传差异分析的结果,不仅有利于加快同源四倍体水稻的遗传改良进程,而且为进一步研究、利用同源四倍体水稻奠定了初步基础。 AbstractStudy on genetic diversity, yield characters and quality traitsof autotetraploid and diploid riceLiu Yuhua (Botany)Directed by Associate Prof. Tu ShengbinIn this study, diploid and autotetraploid rice, which were cultivated in ChengduInstitute of Biology were analyzed in genetic diversity, yield characters and qualitytraits.In the study, 2 diploid and 29 autotetraploid rice(2n=4x=48) materials, including4 preliminary and 25 advanced generation, were investigated for yield characters.Compared with diploid check, the pollen fertility and seed set of autotetraploiddeclined dramatically, especially in preliminary generation. F-test indicated that therewere remarkable differences among different varieties, showing that autotetraploidmaterials had strong potential for improvement. From 1996 to 2005, someautotetraploid rice had been selected and improved. T-test showed that seed setincreased obviously. The relationships among yield characters of autotetraploid ricewere analyzed. Seed set was strongly correlated with pollen fertility, total grainnumber per panicle and productive grain number per panicle; theoretical yield wasstrongly correlated with pollen fertility, productive panicle number per plant, totalgrain number per panicle, productive grain number, seed set and 1000-grain weight.Wx genotypes of 40 autotetraploid rice and 14 diploid rice were tested by usingthe (CT)n microsatellite marker and a cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence(CAPS) molecular marker named PCR-Acc Ι. Three microsatellite alleles wereproduced, i.e. Wx1, Wx2 and Wx3 both in autotetraploid and in diploid rice.Comparatively, PCR- Acc Ι molecular marker produced two genotypes, G-type andT-type for both autotetraploid and diploid rice. In this study, amylose content (AC), gel of consistency (GC) and gelatinization temperature (GT) of rice grain weremeasured and their relationships with Wx alleles were analyzed. The results showedthat variation of AC between autotetraploid and diploid rice was small when they hadthe same Wx genotype. However, variation of AC turned to be large when the Wxgenotypes were different. Actually, AC met the maximum value in Wx1 varieties andWx2 varieties the middle and Wx3 varieties the minimum. And AC was lower inautotetraploid than in diploid. Correlation analysis was done in this experiment. ACand GC of rice grain were probably controlled by Wx gene or other gene whoselocation was strictly linked to Wx gene, while GT of rice was not. The correlationcoefficient between Wx genotypes which revealed by (CT)n microsatellite marker andPCR-Acc Ι molecular marker was 0.842 with significant level. That revealed aconsistent result between the two types of markers. So it was possible to utilize boththe two types of markers to select and promote germplasm of autotetraploid rice.RAPD molecular markers were used to analyze the genetic diversity betweendiploid and autotetraploid rice. 178 repeatable bands were detected through 17 RAPDprimers with percentage of polymorphic bands was 81.5% in autotetraploid rice while173 repeatable bands were detected with percentage of polymorphic bands was 76.3%in diploid rice. According to the measurement of Shannon index, polymorphicinformation content and genetic distance, genetic diversity of autotetraploid was on ahigher level, genetic variation between autotetraploid and diploid rice was relativelyhigh. All these contributed to the genetic selection and improvement in rice breeding.As mentioned above, the results are not only helpful to promote the process ofrice improvement, but also to confirm the basic for further study of autotetraploid rice.

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简要介绍了研制的快前置放大电路,该电路是一个完全的直流放大器,具有较高的电压增益(Ar≥900),较快的上升沿(tr≤4ns),低噪声(等效输入噪声电压VN≤14μV),电路中引入贝塞尔滤波电路和反相求和电路,有效抑制了直流漂移,使电路具有极好的直流稳定性和增益稳定性,该电路主要适用于快探测器,如硅雪崩光电二极管探测器,也可用于加速器束流诊断系统,放大来自束流位置探针、相位探针的微弱信号。

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研究重离子辐照小鼠头部对骨髓细胞周期分布的影响,为重离子放射治疗癌症和太空防护提供基础数据。80MeV/u能量的12C6+离子对BALB/c小鼠头部给以0、0.5、1、2、4、10Gy的照射,用流式细胞仪测骨髓细胞周期分布。随着重离子辐照剂量的增加,G1/G0期细胞出现明显阻滞(P<0.05),而G2/M期细胞出现显著减少(P<0.05)。说明重离子辐照小鼠头部对小鼠骨髓细胞周期分布有明显影响,也同时表明电离辐射对骨髓细胞周期分布的影响也有一种间接作用。

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2005年3-11月采用样线法和样方法对大相岭北坡大熊猫栖息地进行了调查,通过利用样方法发现的大熊猫痕迹频次对栖息地的适宜性进行景观连接度(适宜性)赋值,对大相岭北坡大熊猫栖息地的质量进行了分析评价。研究区面积约为2266.79km2,其中竹林分布面积约为842.3km2。仅有约56.8km2占6.8%的竹林面积是适宜大熊猫生存的地区,次适宜地区面积为96.3km2,约占11.4%,较差适宜地区面积为177.4km2,约占21.1%,3个等级加到一起共为330.5km2,占竹林面积的39.3%,主要分布在2200-2800m的平缓山坡,有60%以上为不适宜地区。人为活动对大熊猫栖息地的影响主要是不仅减少了大熊猫的生境面积,也降低了大熊猫亚种群之间的景观连接度,对大熊猫种群之间的基因交流产生阻碍。作者通过实际调查提出了管理措施。

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模拟旱地条件进行盆栽试验,尝试用氯仿熏蒸-浸提法测定土壤供氮力。分析了熏蒸前后各种形态氮素含量的变化,并对黑麦草吸氮量与农田土壤熏蒸-浸提氮进行了相关性分析。结果表明:各种施肥处理以及不同土地利用方式下氯仿熏蒸-浸提氮与黑麦草吸氮量有明显的相关性,氯仿熏蒸浸提的硝态氮和有机氮与吸氮量均呈极显著相关,相关系数分别为0.938和0.942。氯仿熏蒸浸提全氮能全面可靠地反映土壤的供氮力,表明氯仿熏蒸浸提氮是一个良好的土壤供氮力指标,它可以用于估计农田土壤的供氮力。氯仿熏蒸浸提法测定土壤有效氮适于包括碱性土壤和水田土壤在内的各种类型土壤。

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为了确定本所保存的部分根瘤菌的种属地位,我们从中选出10株菌株,对其16S rDNA进行扩增并测序,利用分子生物学软件对序列进行分析,得到根瘤菌系统发育树状图,对比相应的生理生化结果,重新定位了它们在根瘤菌系统发育中的种属地位,将生物信息学应用用于根瘤菌的种属命名具有重要的科学意义。