111 resultados para 809.812


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东海陆架是世界上最宽阔的陆架之一,面积达770 000 km2左右。在末次冰盛期(LGM),东海海平面下降120~130 m左右,绝大部分陆架暴露出海面。而冲绳海槽是第四纪以来一直保持海洋环境的东海深海区。本文以冲绳海槽北部PC-1岩芯为材料,通过分析该孔的孢粉,加上详细的AMS 14C测年,恢复了周边地区24 cal.kaBP以来的古植被,并推测古环境和古气候变化,重点讨论了LGM时期出露大陆架上发育的植被。 PC-1孔(31°27.5′N,128°24.8′E)位于黑潮支流对马暖流东侧,水深590 m,柱长812 cm。孢粉分析按间隔8 cm取样,个别为4~6 cm,共分析了103个孢粉样品。利用9个AMS 14C数据建立年龄标尺,用Calib5.1.0软件进行年龄校正。通过相邻样品深度的线性内插获得每个样品的年龄,采用外延法得到顶部和底部的校正年龄分别为351cal aBP、24 280 cal aBP,孢粉样品的时间分辨率平均为230 a。 根据孢粉百分比和沉积率的变化,可划分出四个带:Ⅰ带(812~715 cm,24.2~21.1 cal. kaBP)、Ⅱ带(715~451 cm,21.1~15.2 cal. kaBP)、Ⅲ带(451~251 cm,15.2~10.8 cal. kaBP)、Ⅳ带(251~0 cm,10.8~0.3 cal. kaBP),分别对应MIS 3末期、末次冰盛期、冰消期和全新世。末次冰盛期草本植物花粉占优势,孢粉沉积率较高,此时草本花粉主要来源于出露的大陆架,其上发育了以蒿属为主的草地植被,气候比较寒冷干燥;冰消期海平面开始回升,松属花粉含量升高,草本植物花粉含量下降;全新世以木本植物花粉占绝对优势,栗属-栲属花粉迅速增加,蕨类孢子含量升高,草本植物花粉含量锐减,孢粉沉积率降低,由于海平面回升,大陆架被淹没,此时孢粉主要来源于日本岛,九州地区生长了以栲属、栎属为主的常绿阔叶与落叶阔叶林,气候温暖湿润。 叶枝杉属花粉在整个岩芯中零星出现。叶枝杉属植物分布于菲律宾吕宋北部至塔斯马尼亚和新西兰气候潮湿的山地林中,该属花粉在岩芯中的出现,可能暗示了黑潮的影响或者是较强的夏季风。 草本植物与松属花粉百分比变化很好的反映了海平面的升降,松属花粉含量较高指示海平面较高。对岩芯中主要类型的花粉百分比进行了频谱分析,显示存在千年尺度的准周期变化,有明显的6.8,3.8,2.2,1.6 ka的周期。 孢粉样品中的炭屑统计表明,末次冰消期炭屑含量最高,可能因为末次冰消期降雨量增加,炭屑可被降水带到沉积地点沉积下来;全新世的炭屑浓度较高,尤其在晚全新世,出现了一个峰值,究其原因可能与气候变化和人类活动有关。

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选取内蒙古草原三种主要草原类型(草甸草原、典型草原和荒漠草原)代表性群落羊草杂类草群落、羊草群落和大针茅群落、小针茅群落,应用样线法沿水分梯度研究放牧对内蒙古草原不同植物群落功能群组成、多样性、生产力以及多样性与生产力关系的影响和放牧对土壤种子库组成、大小以及多样性的影响,在此基础上,研究土壤种子库与地上植被间的关系。主要结论如下: 1 放牧对植物群落的影响 荒漠草原的放牧演替规律为小针茅群落→猪毛菜 + 小针茅群落→猪毛菜群落;典型草原为羊草或大针茅群落→糙隐子草 + 大针茅群落或克氏针茅群落→星毛委陵菜 + 糙隐子草群落;草甸草原为羊草杂类草群落→羊草 + 贝加尔针茅群落,这是不同物种对牧压的不同适应结果造成的。 放牧使4种草原群落生活型功能群组分间发生强烈的生态替代作用,但不同的群落生态替代模式不同:放牧使小针茅群落多年生丛生禾草作用减弱,一二年生草本作用增强;羊草群落和大针茅群落多年生丛生禾草、多年生根茎禾草作用减弱,多年生杂类草作用增强;羊草杂类草群落多年生根茎禾草作用减弱,多年生丛生禾草作用增强。放牧使非旱生和C3植物作用减弱,而旱生、C4植物作用增强。 放牧对4种群落物种和功能群多样性的影响随不同的群落而表现不同:物种丰富度、物种多样性、生活型多样性 和水分生态类型多样性除羊草杂类草群落外随放牧强度的加大而降低,但适度放牧增加了羊草杂类草群落的上述多样性指标。 群落地上现存量一般随放牧强度的增大而下降,但小针茅群落反之,主要与一年生植物猪毛菜的生物量迅速增加有关。除羊草群落外,0~10 cm 地下生物量随放牧强度的变化不显著;除大针茅群落外,放牧显著降低0~30 cm 地下生物量。 放牧影响下内蒙古草原植物群落生物量随水分生态类型多样性的升高而升高,其回归方程为:Y = 809 + 774x (R2=0.84, P<0.001),其中Y代表群落地上现存量和地下生物量之和,x代表群落水分生态类型多样性。 2 放牧对土壤种子库的影响 小针茅群落、大针茅群落、羊草群落和羊草杂类草群落土壤种子库组成中均以多年生杂类草为主,分别占各自群落种子库总物种数的40%、52%、54%和67%。 生活型功能群种子库密度除羊草杂类草群落外,均以一二年生草本占优势。中度放牧升高了除小针茅群落外多年生禾草种子库密度;放牧增大了小针茅群落和羊草杂类草群落一二年生草本种子库密度;除羊草杂类草群落外,放牧对多年生杂类草种子库密度影响不大;总种子库组成中,灌木半灌木和小半灌木种子库密度不大,不随取样时间和牧压而变化。 中度放牧种子库总密度最大,小针茅群落在重度放牧最大,主要是由于猪毛菜种子库密度在重度放牧突增所致。总体上,内蒙古草原4种群落在不同取样时间不同牧压下种子库总密度波动在20.8~3819.2粒/m2。 土壤种子库物种丰富度最大值一般出现在10月份,除羊草杂类草群落外,不放牧群落较放牧群落为高,中度放牧使羊草杂类草群落土壤种子库物种丰富度增加。中度放牧增加了小针茅群落、大针茅群落7月份和羊草杂类草群落各取样时间土壤种子库物种多样性。 3 地上植被与土壤种子库的关系 土壤种子库的优势种在特定时间特定放牧强度下与地上现有植被优势种一致,但一致率仅为三次取样时间不同放牧强度下总体的23.3%。 地上植被与土壤种子库物种组成相似性指数受不同取样时间的影响,一般的10月取样最大。不同放牧强度对二者间的相似性亦有影响,中度放牧提高了小针茅群落、羊草杂类草群落各取样时间和大针茅群落、羊草群落4月份的相似性指数。隔年二次萌发法提高了二者间的相似性水平。总体上相似性指数变动在0.1~0.75之间。 地上植被现存量、总密度与各取样时间土壤种子库总密度之间不存在显著的相关性。 4 对于估计土壤种子库密度、物种组成和确定种子库与地上植被间的关系,隔年二次萌发法对于弥补直接萌发法本身所具有的不足不失为一种有益的尝试。

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线粒体是细胞呼吸和能量转换的重要细胞器,线粒体膜系统的发育研究具有重要的理论意义。 本文以碗豆子叶为实验材料,运用电镜观察,膜蛋白的生化特性分析等技术研究在吸胀过程中线粒体膜系统的发育。 电镜观察表明,随着吸服度增,线粒体由干种子时的囊泡状逐渐发展成内嵴和内含物丰富的完整状态。 H+— A T P a se。的转能活性和呼吸链上的细胞色素氧化酶的活性均随吸胀度增加而升高。 不同抑制处理的研究表明,低温使线粒体及其膜结构完整化变得缓慢,并且H+— A T Pase活性增长受到影响,可溶性ATPase(F1—ATPase)的α、β亚基含量减少。而受过,60 C。—r,射线照射的子叶和在亚胺环已酮溶液中吸胀的子叶,其线粒体超徽结构,H+—ATPase转能活性细胞色素氧化酶活性均未受到影响。 综上所述,我们推论。豌豆子叶的吸胀伴随着线粒体膜的发育,它不是简单的蛋白质水合复原过程。在这个过程中包含有膜结构的完整化,膜上酶蛋白如H+—-ATPase和细胞色素氧化酶的组装和活化。这些酶蛋白可能是原已存在于线粒体内外的蛋白成份或亚基以水为媒介,经过转运组装而表现出活性,也可能是蛋白质的从新合成,但我们的实验结果倾向于前者H+—-ATPase活性的差异既可以表现在关键因子F1—ATPase。αβ亚基的含量差别上。也可以表现在调控因子的差异上。

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本实用新型涉及一种超导高电荷态ECR离子源,包括外壳;在离子源腔体的外部套有轴向超导线包A、内环固定软铁和轴向超导线包C,轴向超导线包B夹在内环固定软铁和径向线包块状固定软铁之间;在轴向超导线包A、B、C外的径向对称位置至少设有4个径向超导线包;径向超导线包通过径向线包块状固定软铁固定;径向超导线包和轴向超导线包A、C的外部由轴端固定软铁A、B和外环固定软铁固定,所有的超导线包和固定软铁均置于液He杜瓦中,该杜瓦与制冷机相联;本实用新型的磁镜场场强高,大幅度地提高了轴向场、径向场,各线包之间相互作用力减少,结构紧凑,易于商业化。

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Cross-species chromosome painting with probes derived from flow-sorted dog and human chromosomes was used to construct a high-resolution comparative map for the pig. In total 98 conserved autosomal segments between pig and dog were detected by probes specific for the 38 autosomes and X Chromosome of the dog. Further integration of our results with the published human-dog and cat-dog comparative maps, and with data from comparative gene mapping, increases the resolution of the current pig-human comparative map. It allows for the conserved syntenies detected in the pig, human, and cat to be aligned against the putative ancestral karyotype of eutherian mammals and for the history of karyotype evolution of the pig lineage to be reconstructed. Fifteen fusions, 17 fissions, and 23 inversions are required to convert the ancestral mammalian karyotype into the extant karyotype of the pig.

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Background: Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) plays essential roles in inflammation. Previous studies have suggested associations between prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2) polymorphisms and prostaglandins production in asthma. Objective: We have invest

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Scutellarin was purified from the plant Erigeron breuiscapus (Vant.) Hand.-Mazz. The activity against 3 strains of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) was determined in vitro in this study. These were laboratory-derived virus (HIV-I-IIIB), drug-resistant virus (HIV-I-74V), and low-passage clinical isolated virus (HIV-1(KM018)). From syncytia inhibition study, the EC50 of scutellarin against HIV-I-IIB direct infection in C8166 cells was 26 mu M with a therapeutic index of 36. When the mode of infection changed from acute infection to cell-to-cell infection, this compound became even more potent and the EC50 reduced to 15 mu M. This suggested that cell fusion might be affected by this compound. By comparing the inhibitory effects on p24 antigen, scutellarin was also found to be active against HIV-1(74V) (EC50 253 mu M) and HIV-1(KM018) (EC50 136 mu M) infection with significant difference in potency. The mechanism of its action was also explored in this study. At a concentration of 433 mu M, scutellarin inhibited 48% of the cell free recombinant HIV-1 RT activity. It also caused 82% inhibition of HIV-1 particle attachment and 45% inhibition of fusion at the concentrations of 54 mu M. In summary, scutellarin was found to inhibit several strains of HIV-1 replication with different potencies. It appeared to inhibit HIV-1 RT activity, HIV-1 particle attachment and cell fusion. These are essential activities for viral transmission and replication. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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Human cerebral cortical function degrades during old age. Much of this change may result from a degradation of intracortical inhibition during senescence. We used multibarreled microelectrodes to study the effects of electrophoretic application of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), the GABA type a (GABAa) receptor agonist muscimol, and the GABAa receptor antagonist bicuculline, respectively, on the properties of individual V1 cells in old monkeys. Bicuculline exerted a much weaker effect on neuronal responses in old than in young animals, confirming a degradation of GABA-mediated inhibition. On the other hand, the administration of GABA and muscimol resulted in improved visual function. Many treated cells in area V1 of old animals displayed responses typical of young cells. The present results have important implications for the treatment of the sensory, motor, and cognitive declines that accompany old age.

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选择绵羊建立反刍动物大肠阻塞病理模型,对手术前、后静脉血浆及死亡后心脏、肝脏、脾脏、肺脏、肾脏、胰脏和肠组织中内皮素-1(ET-1)含量进行测定,探讨了该模型血浆及组织中ET-1含量的变化和临床意义。结果表明:模型组和对照组手术前血浆ET-1含量分别为(57.81±2.95)ng/L和(62.72±3.17)ng/L,手术后含量分别为(41.87±8.06)ng/L和(60.74±4.68)ng/L,模型组术后ET--1含量明显下降(P<0.05);每30min间隔采血,模型组术前、术后第2天和第4天ET--1含量依次降低,差异极显著(P<0.01);模型组心、肺、肾组织中的ET-1含量分别为(273.28±53.7)、(270.65±98.6)、(249.32±20.8)ng/L,分别比对照组心脏(105.73±32.2)ng/L、肺脏((34.34±6.73)ng/L、肾脏(50.43±12.89)ng/L明显升高(P<0.01)。这些变化可能与肠阻塞的发生、发展有密切关系。

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Learned association between drugs of abuse and context is essential for the formation of drug conditioned place preference (CPP), which is believed to engage many brain regions including hippocampus, and nucleus accumbens (NAc). The underlying mechanisms