Defect production in silicon carbide irradiated with Ne and Xe ions with energy of 2.3 MeV/amu

In the present work specimens of mono-crystalline silicon carbide (4H polytype) were irradiated to three successively increasing ion fluences ranging from 7.2 x 10(14) to 6.0 x 10(16) ions/cm(2) (corresponding to the peak displacement damage of 1, 4 and 13 dpa) with Ne and Xe ions respectively with the energy of 2.3 MeV/amu. The irradiated specimens were subsequently annealed at temperatures of 1173 and 1273 K. Defect structure was investigated with transmission electron microscopy (TEM) using a cross-sectional specimen preparation technique. The typical microstructures of the annealed specimens irradiated with Ne or Xe ions to high fluences are characterized by small gas bubbles in high concentration in the peak damage region and black dots and dislocation loops (located in the basal plane) in a shallower and broader depth region. Larger dislocation loops were observed in the Xe-ion irradiated specimen than in the Ne-ion irradiated specimen at the same peak damage level. The enhanced formation of dislocation loops in the case of Xe-ion irradiation is understandable by assuming stronger inclination of heavier inert-gas atoms to occupy substitute site in the peak damage region.

2种高分子保水材料对土壤持水能力的影响

采用离心机法,研究聚丙烯酸钠与聚丙烯酰胺2种高分子化合物在5种使用浓度(占干土质量0、0.01%、0.08%、0.2%与1%)的条件下对3种土壤(砂土、壤土、黏土)持水能力的影响。结果表明:3种土壤在0.01~1.5MPa水吸力时,持水能力随着2种高分子材料用量的增加而增加,砂土的作用效果较壤土、黏土更显著;2种高分子材料与土壤质量比控制在8/10000~2/1000范围内其作用效果较好,该用量条件下高分子吸持水分平均可释放83.7%供植物吸收利用。2种高分子材料对土壤持水能力的作用效果基本相同。

Effect of hydroxyl and amino groups on electrochemiluminescence activity of tertiary amines at low tris(2,2 '-bipyridyl)ruthenium(II) concentrations

ECL of several amines containing different numbers of hydroxyl and amino groups was investigated. N-butyldiethanolamine is found to be more effective than 2-(dibutylamino)ethanol at gold and platinum electrodes, and is the most effective coreactant reported until now. Surprisingly, ECL intensities of monoamines, such as 2-(dibutylamino)ethanol and N-butyldiethanolamine, are much stronger than that of diamines including N,N,N',N'-tetrakis-(2-hydroxyethyl)-ethylenediamine and N,N,N',N'-tetrakis-(2-hydroxypropyl)ethlenediamine. The striking contrast between ECL signals of the investigated monoamines and diamines may result from more significant side reactions of diamines, such as the intramolecular side reactions between oxidative amine cation radicals and reductive amine free radicals.

二-(2-乙基己基)磷酸P204与三烷基叔胺N235协同萃取钼

研究了P204(二-(2-乙基己基)磷酸,HA)和N235(三烷基叔胺,R3N)二元体系在HC l介质中对金属钼的萃取。结果表明,P204和N235混合萃取剂在萃取钼时存在协同效应,并且在N235摩尔分数为0.7时协萃系数为2.24;考察了溶液酸度、P204或N235浓度及温度对萃取钼的影响,确定了协萃络合物为(R3NH)3.HMo8O26.(HA)2,并比较了负载前后有机相的红外光谱。

Enhanced electrochemiluminescence sensor from tris(2,2 '-bipyridyl) ruthenium(II) incorporated into MCM-41 and an ionic liquid-based carbon paste electrode

The electrochemiluminescence (ECL) of tris(2,29-bipyridyl) ruthenium(II) [Ru(bpy)(3)(2+)] ion-exchanged in the sulfonic-functionalized MCM-41 silicas was developed with tripropylamine (TPrA) as a co-reactant in a carbon paste electrode (CPE) using a room temperature ionic liquid (IL) as a binder. The sulfonic-functionalized silicas MCM-41 were used for preparing an ECL sensor by the electrostatic interactions between Ru( bpy)(3)(2+) cations and sulfonic acid groups. We used the IL as a binder to construct the CPE (IL-CPE) to replace the traditional binder of the CPE (T-CPE)-silicone oil. The results indicated that the MCM-41-modified IL-CPE had more open structures to allow faster diffusion of Ru( bpy)(3)(2+) and that the ionic liquid also acted as a conducting bridge to connect TPrA with Ru( bpy)(3)(2+) sites immobilized in the electrode, resulting in a higher ECL intensity compared with the MCM-41-modified T-CPE. Herein, the detection limit for TPrA of the MCM-41-modified IL-CPE was 7.2 nM, which was two orders of magnitude lower than that observed at the T-CPE. When this new sensor was used in flow injection analysis (FIA), the MCM-41-modified IL-CPE ECL sensor also showed good reproducibility. Furthermore, the sensor could also be renewed easily by mechanical polishing whenever needed.

Sol-gel synthesis and characterization of SiO2@NaGd(WO4)(2): Eu3+ core-shell-structured spherical phosphor particles

Monodisperse, core-shell-structured SiO2@NaGd(WO4)(2):Eu3+ particles were prepared by the sol-gel method. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, photoluminescence (PL), and low-voltage cathodoluminescence (CL) as well as time-resolved PL spectra and lifetimes. PL and CL study revealed that the core-shell-structured SiO2@NaGd (WO4)(2):Eu3+ particles show strong red emission dominated by the D-5(0) - F-7(2) transition of Eu3+ at 614 nm with a lifetime of 0.74 ms. The PL and CL emission intensity can be tuned by the coating number of NaGd(WO4)(2):Eu3+ phosphor layers on SiO2 and by accelerating voltage and the filament current, respectively.

Fabrication and luminescent properties of rare earths-doped Gd-2(WO4)(3) thin film phosphors by Pechini sol-gel process

Rare earth ions (Eu3+ and Dy3+)-doped Gd-2(WO4)(3) phosphor films were prepared by a Pechini sol-gel process. X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and photoluminescence (PL) spectra as well as lifetimes were used to characterize the resulting powders and films. The results of XRD indicate that the films begin to crystallize at 600degreesC and the crystallinity increases with the elevation of annealing temperatures. The film is uniform and crack-free, WO(4)(2-)mainly consists of closely packed fine particles with an average grain size of 80 nm. Owing to an energy transfer from 4 groups, the rare earth ions show their characteristic emissions in crystalline Gd-2(WO4)(3) phosphor films, i.e., D-5(J) -F-7(J), (J = 0, 1, 2, 3; J' = 0 1, 2, 3, 4, not in all cases) transitions for Eu3+ and F-4(9/2)-H-6(J) (J = 13/2, 15/2) transitions for D Y3+, with the hypersensitive transitions D-5(0)-F-7(2) (Eu3+) and F-4(9/2) - H-6(13/2) (Dy3+) being the most prominent groups, respectively.

Luminescence properties of sol-gel derived spherical SiO2@Gd-2(WO4)(3): Eu3+ particles with core-shell structure

Monodisperse, core-shell structured SiO2@Gd-2(WO4)(3):Eu3+ particles were prepared by the sol-gel method. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, photoluminescence (PL) and low-voltage cathodoluntinescence (CL). PL and CL study revealed that the core-shell structured SiO2@Gd-2(WO4)(3):Eu3+ particles show strong red emission dominated by the D-5(0)-F-7(2) transition of Eu3+ at 615 nm with a lifetime of 0.89 ins. The PL and CL emission intensity can be tuned by the coating number of Gd-2(WO4)(3):Eu3+ phosphor layers on SiO2 particles, the size of the SiO2 core particles, and by accelerating voltage and the filament current, respectively.

Sol-gel deposition and luminescent properties of oxyapatite Ca-2(Y,Gd)(8)(SiO4)(6)O-2 phosphor films doped with rare earth and lead ions

Rare-earth and lead ions (Eu3+, Tb3+, Dy3+, Pb2+) doped Ca2Y8 (SiO4)(6)O-2 and Ca2Gd8(SiO4)(6)O-2 thin films have been dip- coated on silicon and quartz glass substrates through the sol- gel route. X- Ray diffraction (XRD), TG- DTA, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), FT- IR and luminescence excitation and emission spectra as well as luminescence decays were used to characterize the resulting films. The results of XRD reveal that these films remain amorphous below 700 degreesC, begin to crystallize at 800 degreesC and crystallize completely around 1000 degreesC with an oxyapatite structure. The grain structure of the film can be seen clearly from SEM and AFM micrographs, where particles with various shapes and average size of 250 nm can be resolved. Eu3+ and Tb3+ show their characteristic red (D-5(0)-F-7(2)) and green (D-5(4) - F-7(5)) emission in the films with a quenching concentration of 10 and 6 mol% (of Y3+), respectively. The lifetime and emission intensity of Eu3+ increase with the temperature treatment from 700 to 1100 degreesC, while those of Tb3+ show a maximum at 800 degreesC. Energy transfer phenomena have been observed by activating the oxyapatite film host- lattice Ca2Gd8(SiO4)(6)O-2 with Tb3+ (Dy3+). In addition, Pb2+ can sensitize the Gd3+ sublattice in Ca2Gd8(SiO4)(6)O-2.

Simultaneous determination of 2-aminothiazole, 2-aminobenzothiazole and 2-mercaptobenzothiazole by capillary electrophoresis with end-column amperometric detection

Capillary electrophoresis with amperometric detection is evaluated for the simultaneous determination of 2-aminothiazole (A), 2-amino-benzothiazole (AB), 2-mercaptobenzothiazole (AM). The cyclic voltammogram, hydrodynamic voltammogram, effect of pH, concentration of buffer and separation voltage on the separation and the detection were studied. The conditions were optimized as follows: 50 mM phosphate buffet; pH 6.0, 2s at 17.5 kV sample injection, separation at 17.5 kV, 1.2 V as detection potential. The method provided low detection limit as 0.5 mu M, 0.05 mu M and 0.01 mu M, wide linear range 2-200 mu M, 10-200 mu M and 0.025-100 mu M for A, AB, and AM, respectively. The variations in peak current and migration time for 15 consecutive injections of a standard containing 5 mu M each compound were 3.7, 2.1, and 3.9%, and 1.2, 0.8, and 1.2%, for A, AB and AM, respectively. This method was employed to analyze river water.

LDPE/1,2-PBD共混体系的辐射交联

聚合物共混物经辐射交联后,具有多种优良性能,这些性能都与交联度有关。溶胶分数与辐照剂量间的关系常常被用来表征聚合物的辐射交联程度和交联行为。本文试图将共混物的组成、组份的分子链结构与其溶胶分数与辐照剂量间的关系式联系起来,从而预期共混体系的辐射交联行为。

稀土硝酸盐与含氮冠醚(2,2)配合物的合成及其晶体结构

用X射线衍射法测定了稀土硝酸盐与冠醚(2,2)配合物Ln(NO_3)_3·(2,2)(Ln=Ce、Pr、Nd)的晶体结构。发现配合物具有与Eu(NO_3)_3(2,2)不同的配位方式。用“堆积比饱和规律”对结构差异原因作了初步的讨论。配合物均属三斜晶系空间群P,Z=2。

An elasto-plastic constitutive relation of whisker-reinforced metal-matrix composite

A material model for whisker-reinforced metal-matrix composites is constructed that consists of three kinds of essential elements: elastic medium, equivalent slip system, and fiber-bundle. The heterogeneity of material constituents in position is averaged, while the orientation distribution of whiskers and slip systems is considered in the structure of the material model. Crystal and interface sliding criteria are addressed. Based on the stress-strain response of the model material, an elasto-plastic constitutive relation is derived to discuss the initial and deformation induced anisotropy as well as other fundamental features. Predictions of the present theory for unidirectional-fiber-reinforced aluminum matrix composites are favorably compared with FEM results.

Computer Simulation Of Random Sphere Packing In An Arbitrarily Shaped Container

Most simulations of random sphere packing concern a cubic or cylindric container with periodic boundary, containers of other shapes are rarely studied. In this paper, a new relaxation algorithm with pre-expanding procedure for random sphere packing in an arbitrarily shaped container is presented. Boundaries of the container are simulated by overlapping spheres which covers the boundary surface of the container. We find 0.4 similar to 0.6 of the overlap rate is a proper value for boundary spheres. The algorithm begins with a random distribution of small internal spheres. Then the expansion and relaxation procedures are performed alternately to increase the packing density. The pre-expanding procedure stops when the packing density of internal spheres reaches a preset value. Following the pre-expanding procedure, the relaxation and shrinking iterations are carried out alternately to reduce the overlaps of internal spheres. The pre-expanding procedure avoids the overflow problem and gives a uniform distribution of initial spheres. Efficiency of the algorithm is increased with the cubic cell background system and double link data structure. Examples show the packing results agree well with both computational and experimental results. Packing density about 0.63 is obtained by the algorithm for random sphere packing in containers of various shapes.

海洋工程中的力学问题

本文概述“七五”国家自然科学基金重大项目“海洋工程中的力学问题”的社会、工程背景和学科特点,并扼要介绍13个子课题的主要研究成果。