Microelectrode voltammetric measurement of heterogeneous electron transfer rate constants for reduction of 7,7,8 ',8 '-tetracyanoquinodimethane in polymer electrolytes

This paper presents a microelectrode voltammetric determination of heterogeneous electron transfer rate constants (k(s)) and diffusion coefficients (D) of 7,7,8',8 '-tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ) in polyelectrolytes. The diffusion coefficients are estimated using cyclic voltammetry under linear diffusion conditions, and the heterogeneous electron transfer rate constants are obtained under mixed linear and radial diffusion in the polyelectrolyte. k(s) and D increase with increasing temperature, and the activation barriers of the electrode reaction for reduction of TCNQ are obtained. On the other hand, the dependencies of D and k(s) of TCNQ on the size and charge of the counterion are compared in the polyelectrolyte. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.

7-碘-8-羟基喹啉-5-磺酸-溴化十六烷基三甲铵荧光光度法测定痕量镥

本文研究了镥-Ferron-表面活性剂三元荧光体系的荧光特性,各种表面活性剂中以溴化十六烷基三甲铵的增敏效果最佳,与相应的二元体系相比较,灵敏度提高近10倍。镥的测定下限可达8.8ng/ml。本法与P_(507)萃取色谱分离法相结合可用于天然混合稀土氧化物中痕量镥的测定,结果较满意。

5,7-Dihydroxy-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-1H-azocin-2-one from a marine-derived Streptomyces sp.

In the course of a screening program, we have isolated the new natural product, 5,7-dihydroxy-5,6,7,8-tetrahydroazocin-2(IH)-one (1), from the staurosporine producing marine-derived Streptomyces sp. strain QD518. Here we report the isolation and structure elucidation of 1 and the artifacts 3 and 4 resulting from I by acid catalyzed intra- and inter-molecular reactions.

含8－羟基喹啉和噁二唑发光材料的合成与表征

本论文以提高有机／聚合物电致发光材料的发光效率为目的，通过改善发光材料分子的载流子传输平衡、增大分子体积为手段来减小荧光淬灭，设计并合成了一系列新型结构的络合物和聚合物。发现了一种合成五配位8-轻基喳琳铝络合物和双核铝8-轻基喳琳络合物的新方法，在分子中引入了电子和空穴传输基团改善了分子的载流子传输平衡，设计并合成了新型大体积的分子，提高了材料的发光效率，并系统地研究了分子结构与发光波长和发光效率的关系。主要工作如下：1发现了一种合成五配位8-经基喳琳铝络合物和双核铝8-经基喳琳络合物的新方法，克服了没有2一甲基的空间位阻作用很难形成五配位8-轻基喳琳铝络合物的困难。2合成了五配位2-甲基-8-轻基喳琳铝络合物并引入了具有不同空穴传输能力的第二配体。结果表明，与A 1 q;,相比，2-甲基-8-经基喳琳的引入导致了五配位络合物发光的蓝移，同时具有空穴传输能力的三苯胺基团的引入使电致发光器件的效率降低。3设计并合成了五配位8-轻基喳琳铝络合物，同时与Alq做了对比研究。研究发现，这一系列五配位络合物发射绿色荧光，五配位8-轻基喳琳铝络合物的发光波长主要由第一配体决定。4以五配位2-甲基-8-轻基喳琳铝和五配位8-轻基喳琳铝络合物为发光层制备了双层器件。结果表明，五配位8-经基喳琳铝络合物的电致发光波长主要由第一配体决定，第二配体只起到微弱的调节作用；第一配体对器件的发光效率起决定性的作用，第二配体的结构对络合物器件发光效率的影响在同一系列络合物中表现得非常明显。5从增加分子体积能够减小分子之间聚集，增强荧光效率这一观点出发，合成了具有双核铝的8一TTA-基喳琳络合物Me-DAlqz和PPv-DAlq3,用Me-DAlq,作发光层制备了双层器件，并与Alq_3i和AIMq_3作了对比研究。结果表明，DA 1 q,双层器件中的发光效率比Alq_3器件的性能稍高一些，证明了大体积分子能够增加荧光效率的观点。6合成了含有空穴传输性能的三苯胺基团的嗯二吟配体，并用其合 成了金属络合物。这些络合物发射蓝色的荧光，与不带三苯胺的德二哇金属络合物在溶液中发基本相同波长的荧光。但在薄膜和单层电致发光器件中，络合物的荧光发生了不同程度的红移。含三苯胺络合物的单层器件发光效率高于不含三苯胺络合物的单层器件的效率，证实了三苯胺的引入改进了载流子的传输平衡。7合成了系列嗯二哇基团两侧带有蔡环的金属络合物并以这些络合物为发光层制备了双层有机电致发光器件。结果表明，蔡环的引入导致了嗯二哇金属络合物在薄膜状态和电致发光器件中的发光波长比在溶液中的发光波长有了很大的红移。8设计并合成了既具有空穴传输性能又具有电子传输性能的蓝色发光聚合物。用电化学方法证明了它们具有两极性质，表明嗯二哇的引入增加了聚合物的电子传输能力。

4,7-(氯磺酸基苯基)-1,10-菲啰啉-2,9-二羧酸-铕标记甲胎蛋白抗体

在合成BCPDA基础上 ,对甲胎蛋白抗体与BCPDA连接及与铕离子螯合条件进行了研究。BCPDA与甲胎蛋白抗体反应后 ,分离纯化最佳淋洗液为pH9.1的0.1mol/L碳酸盐缓冲溶液 ,BCPDA用量为甲胎蛋白抗体量 (mol)的120～160倍;反应时间为30min。讨论了Eu3+ BCPDA AFP抗体螯合物的荧光光谱 ,最佳温育时间为60min,体系pH值为7.8的Tris HCl溶液。当Eu3+ 浓度为10-6mol/L时,BCPDA的检出限为4.3×10-11mol/L。

A dinuclear aluminum 8-hydroxyquinoline complex with high electron mobility for organic light-emitting diodes

A dinuclear aluminum 8-hydroxyquinoline complex (DAlq(3)) with improved electron mobility was designed for organic light-emitting diodes. The electron mobility in DAlq(3) was determined via transient electroluminescence (EL) from bilayer devices with structure of indium tin oxide (ITO)/N,N-'-di(naphthalene-1-yl)-N,N-'-diphenyl-benzidine (NPB)/DAlq(3)/Mg:Ag. It was found that the electron mobility in DAlq(3) is between 3.7-8.4x10(-6) cm(2)/Vs at electric fields ranging between 1.2x10(6) and 4.0x10(6) V/cm, which is a factor of two higher than that in Alq(3). The DAlq(3) also shows a higher EL efficiency of 2.2 cd/A (1.2 Lm/W), as compared to Alq(3) with an EL efficiency of 2.0 cd/A (1.0 Lm/W), which is attributed to more balanced electron and hole recombination due to the improved electron mobility of DAlq(3).

从胶州湾海洋放线菌中发现的新型星形孢菌素等7种新结构化合物

本课题组自1999年以来，将培养条件优化、生物活性跟踪及化学跟踪技术应用到胶州湾海洋放线菌的次级代谢产物研究中，发现了一批具有生物活性的新结构化合物。 本研究从青岛胶州湾分离出各类海洋微生物423株，包括海洋放线菌287株，海洋细菌116株，海洋真菌20株，对胶州湾海洋微生物的资源和分布规律有了基本的认识。对其中海洋放线菌的次级代谢产物进行了活性和化学筛选，获得了它们对八种病原微生物的抑制活性数据。发现胶州湾海洋放线菌对至少一种受试微生物具有中等以上拮抗能力的比例为50%。 从三株海洋放线菌的发酵粗提物中鉴定出7个新结构化合物和31个已知化合物。具体是：①从菌株M518中鉴定出21个化合物，包括3个新结构天然化合物：N-Foramidostaurosporine，5,7-Dihydroxy-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-1H-azocin-2-one，Selina-4(14),7(11)-diene-8,9-diol和1个新结构衍生物Trimer 3。其中化合物5,7-Dihydroxy-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-1H-azocin-2-one为新骨架类型的天然化合物。② 从菌株M491 中鉴定出10个化合物，包括3个新结构化合物10α-14-Dihydroxyamorph-4-en-3-one，10α,11-Dihydroxyamorph-4-ene，5α,10α,11-Triydroxyamorphan-3-one； 并首次从微生物中分离得到已知化合物10α-Hydroxyamorph-4-en-3-one；③从菌株M311中鉴定出7个已知化合物。 发现天然化合物5,7-Dihydroxy-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-1H-azocin-2-one很容易发生重排反应，分离出了两个重排反应产物，并得出该化合物可能的重排反应过程及三聚体形成的方式。 生物活性实验结果表明新型星形孢菌素N-Formamidostaurosporine具有很强的抗肿瘤活性：对于37株人类肿瘤细胞的平均IC50，IC70和IC90分别为0.016µg/ml，0.171µg/ml和2.352µg/ml。对37株肿瘤细胞株的抗肿瘤选择性为27%。还首次发现Staurosporine类化合物具有抑制微藻生长的活性。 对产生新化合物的菌株M518 和M491 进行了形态、生理生化及分子鉴定，提交两株菌的16S rDNA 序列到GenBank（DQ184649 和DQ184648）。结合形态、生理生化特征及系统 发育树分析表明：菌株M518 属于链霉菌属，并可能属于该属中的粉红孢类群；菌株M491属于链霉菌属，并可能属于该属中的青色类群。

Surface amorphous and crystalline microstructure by alloying zirconium using Nd : YAG pulsed laser

A novel composite coating was synthesized by laser alloying of zirconium nanoparticles on an austenite stainless steel surface using a pulsed Nd:YAG laser. The coating contained duplex microstructures comprising an amorphous phase and an austenitic matrix. A discontinuous zirconium-containing region formed at a depth of 16 mum below the surface. The amorphous phase was present in the zirconium-rich region, with the composition of zirconium ranging from 7.8 to 14.5 at. pet. The formation of the amorphous phase was attributed to the zirconium addition. The hardness, corrosion, and wear-corrosion resistance of the irradiated coating were evidently enhanced compared to those of the stainless steel.

State Vector: A New Approach to Prediction of the Failure of Brittle Heterogeneous Media and Large Earthquakes

The concept of state vector stems from statistical physics, where it is usually used to describe activity patterns of a physical field in its manner of coarsegrain. In this paper, we propose an approach by which the state vector was applied to describe quantitatively the damage evolution of the brittle heterogeneous systems, and some interesting results are presented, i.e., prior to the macro-fracture of rock specimens and occurrence of a strong earthquake, evolutions of the four relevant scalars time series derived from the state vectors changed anomalously. As retrospective studies, some prominent large earthquakes occurred in the Chinese Mainland (e.g., the M 7.4 Haicheng earthquake on February 4, 1975, and the M 7.8 Tangshan earthquake on July 28, 1976, etc) were investigated. Results show considerable promise that the time-dependent state vectors could serve as a kind of precursor to predict earthquakes.

高超声速湍流分离激波运动特性

给出半圆柱前缘舵诱导的高超声速湍流分离激波运动特性。实验气流M数为7.8单位长度Re数为3.5×10~7/m。结果表明，随着M数的增加，分离激波两边压力比的平均值加大，但对其用前缘直径无量纲的激波运动区长度和用自由流速度无量纲的激波向上（下）游运动速度的平均值影响不大。

Heating characteristics of blunt swept fin-induced shock wave turbulent boundary layer interaction

An experimental study was conducted on shock wave turbulent boundary layer interactions caused by a blunt swept fin-plate configuration at Mach numbers of 5.0, 7.8, 9.9 for a Reynolds number range of (1.0.similar to 4.7) x 10(7)/m. Detailed heat transfer and pressure distributions were measured at fin deflection angles of up to 30 degrees for a sweepback angle of 67.6 degrees. Surface oil flow patterns and liquid crystal thermograms as well as schlieren pictures of fin shock shape were taken. The study shows that the flow was separated at deflection of 10 degrees and secondary separation were detected at deflection of theta greater than or equal to 20 degrees. The heat transfer and pressure distributions on flat plate showed an extensive plateau region followed by a distinct dip and local peak close to the fin foot. Measurements of the plateau pressure and heat transfer were in good agreement with existing prediction methods, but pressure and heating peak measurements at M greater than or equal to 6 were significantly lower than predicted by the simple prediction techniques at lower Mach numbers.

Effects of Mach number on turbulent separation behaviours induced by blunt fin

An experimental study of the interaction between shock wave and turbulent boundary layer induced by blunt fin has been carried out at M-infinity = 7.8 using oil flow visualization and simultaneous measurements of fluctuating wall pressure and heat transfer. This paper presents the effects of Mach number on turbulent separation behaviours induced by blunt fin.

Directly synthesized strong, highly conducting, transparent single-walled carbon nanotube films

We report the direct synthesis of strong, highly conducting, and transparent single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) films. Systematically, tests reveal that the directly synthesized films have superior electrical and mechanical properties compared with the films made from a solution-based filtration process: the electrical conductivity is over 2000 S/cm and the strength can reach 360 MPa. These values are both enhanced by more than 1 order. We attribute these intriguing properties to the good and long interbundle connections. Moreover, by the help of an extrapolated Weibull theory, we verify the feasibility of reducing the interbundle slip by utilizing the long-range intertube friction and estimate the ultimate strength of macroscale SWNTs without binding agent.

高超声速压缩拐角再附峰值热流率

给出三维和二维压缩拐角诱导激波与高超声速层流和湍流边界层相互作用的流场结构和前向压缩表面的热流率分布。实验气流M数为7．8，单位长度Re数为3．5×107／m。结果表明：激波与边界层相互作用能促进边界层转捩。只有基于再附峰值热流率位置长度的参考温度条件下的雷诺数足够低，相互作用过程才能是纯层流的。在全再附高超声速分离流中，再附峰值热流率可用Simeonides通用相关式进行估算。