Evolutionary history of the mtDNA 9-bp deletion in Chinese populations and its relevance to the peopling of east and southeast Asia

In total, 1218 Chinese from twelve ethnic groups and nine Han geographic groups were screened for the mtDNA 9-bp deletion motif. The frequency of the 9-bp deletion in all samples was 14.7% but ranged from 0% to 32% in the various ethnic groups. Three individuals had a triplication of the 9-bp segment. Phylogenetic and demographic analyses of the mtDNA hypervariable segment 1 (HVS1) sequences suggest that the 9-bp deletion occurred more than once in China. The majority of the Chinese deletion:haplotypes (about 90%) have a common origin as a mutational event following an initial expansion of modem humans in eastern Asia. Other deletion haplotypes and the three haplotypes with a 9-bp triplication may have arisen independently in the Chinese, presumably by replication error. HVS1 haplotype analysis suggests two possible migration routes of the 9-bp deletion in east and southeast Asia. Both migrations originated in China with one route leading to the Pacific Islands via Taiwan, the other to southeast Asia and possibly the Nicobar Islands. Along both routes of peopling, a decrease in HVS1 diversity of the mtDNA haplotypes is observed. The "Polynesian motif (16217T/C, 16247A/G, and 16261C/T)" and the 16140T/C, 16266C/A, or C/G polymorphisms appear specific to each migration route.

Identification of native American founder mtDNAs through the analysis of complete mtDNA sequences: Some caveats

In this study, a detailed analysis of both previously published and new data was performed to determine whether complete, or almost complete, mtDNA sequences can resolve the long-debated issue of which Asian mtDNAs were founder sequences for the Native American mtDNA pool. Unfortunately, we now know that coding region data and their analysis are not without problems. To obtain and report reasonably correct sequences does not seem to be a trivial task, and to discriminate between Asian-and Native American mtDNA ancestries may be more complex than previously believed. It is essential to take into account the effects of mutational hot spots in both the control and coding regions, so that the number of apparent Native American mtDNA founder sequences is not erroneously inflated. As we report here, a careful analysis of all available data indicates that there is very little evidence that more than five founder mtDNA sequences entered Beringia before the Last Glacial Maximum and left their traces in the current Native American mtDNA pool.

独龙江流域冬季鱼类多样性及其分布特点

2004年10—11月,对独龙江的鱼类资源进行了调查,根据不同的海拔及生境在整个独龙江流域共计设置了26个采样点,采集鱼类标本883号。对各采集点渔获物的统计分析的结果显示:(1)独龙江干流、支流的鱼类生物量、物种多样性,随海拔的上升呈下降趋势;(2)干流的Shannon-Wiener指数、物种均匀性指数均高于支流;(3)除了独龙裂腹鱼、大鳍异齿在整个独龙江流域均有分布外,其余5种鱼类的分布与海拔因子的变化有明显的关系。

利用气相色谱/质谱联用分析林麝麝香中麝香酮和甾类成分

采用气相色谱/质谱(GC/MS)联用的方法,对林麝麝香中的甾体成分进行分析,确定了林麝麝香样品含有多种甾体成分的结构,并分析了不同来源的林麝麝香的麝香酮及甾体成分。通过检索NIST05质谱库,进一步确定了麝香中含有16种甾体成分。利用外标法、标准曲线法同时测定了麝香样品中3种甾类成分(胆固醇、苯胆烷醇酮及麝香酮)的含量,麝香酮的定量分析显示所有样品麝香中麝香酮含量均较高(30.1～45.2mg/g),但甾类成分含量波动较大。聚类分析显示,9个麝香样品聚为两支。利用GC/MS技术检测麝香成分的方法,可以提供

香溪河库湾春季水华期间浮游轮虫昼夜垂直分布及迁移的研究

为了了解香溪河库湾春季水华期间浮游轮虫的昼夜垂直分布和迁移情况及其影响因子,在春季甲藻(Peri-diniopsis sp.)水华暴发期间,于2007年2月26日08∶00至27日06∶00对浮游轮虫的昼夜垂直分布进行调查研究。结果表明,轮虫虽在各个水层中均有分布,但是呈聚集分布形式。轮虫密度的垂直分布因种类和时间而异,优势种类广布多肢轮虫(Polyarthra vulgaris)、矩形龟甲轮虫(Keratella quadrata)和曲腿龟甲轮虫(Keratella valga)白天都存在一定的垂直迁移